Integrating different approaches in the definition of biological stocks: A northern Australian multi-jurisdictional fisheries example using grey mackerel, Scomberomorus semifasciatus

A holistic approach to stock structure studies utilises multiple different techniques on the same individuals sampled from selected populations and combines results across spatial and temporal scales to produce a weight of evidence conclusion. It is the most powerful and reliable source of information to use in formulating resource management and monitoring plans. Few examples of the use of a holistic approach in stock structure studies exist, although more recently this is changing. Using such an approach makes integration of results from each technique challenging. An integrated stock definition (ISD) approach for holistic stock structure studies was developed in this study to aid in the appropriate interpretation of stock structure results to guide the determination of fishery management units. The ISD approach is applied herein to a study of the northern Australian endemic grey mackerel, Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Scombridae). Analyses of genetic (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites), parasite, otolith stable isotope, and growth data are synthesised to determine the stock structure of S. semifasciatus across northern Australia. Integration of the results from all techniques identified at least six S. semifasciatus stocks for management purposes. Further, the use of the ISD approach provided a simple basis for integrating multiple techniques and for their interpretation. The use of this holistic approach was a powerful tool in providing greater certainty about the appropriate management units for S. semifasciatus. Future stock structure studies investigating spatial management questions in the fisheries context should adopt a holistic approach and apply the ISD approach for a more accurate definition of biological stocks to improve fisheries management.

A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis)

This is a retrospective study of 38 cases of infection by Babesia macropus, associated with a syndrome of anaemia and debility in hand-reared or free-ranging juvenile eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) from coastal New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland between 1995 and 2013. Infection with B. macropus is recorded for the first time in agile wallabies (Macropus agilis) from far north Queensland. Animals in which B. macropus infection was considered to be the primary cause of morbidity had marked anaemia, lethargy and neurological signs, and often died. In these cases, parasitised erythrocytes were few or undetectable in peripheral blood samples but were sequestered in large numbers within small vessels of visceral organs, particularly in the kidney and brain, associated with distinctive clusters of extraerythrocytic organisms. Initial identification of this piroplasm in peripheral blood smears and in tissue impression smears and histological sections was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy and molecular analysis. Samples of kidney, brain or blood were tested using PCR and DNA sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA and heat shock protein 70 gene using primers specific for piroplasms. The piroplasm detected in these samples had 100 sequence identity in the 18S rRNA region with the recently described Babesia macropus in two eastern grey kangaroos from New South Wales and Queensland, and a high degree of similarity to an unnamed Babesia sp. recently detected in three woylies (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) in Western Australia.

Effect of carbon equivalent and inoculation on residual stresses in grey iron castings

It is virtually impossible to produce castings free from internal stresses using conventional methods of founding. Castings with appreciable stresses distort during storage, transportation, machining and service. Though composition and melt treatment are known to affect the magnitude of residual stress in castings, the data on the effect of carbon equivalent and inoculation on the magnitude of residual stress in castings are limited. In the present investigation, an attempt is made to study (i) the effect of carbon equivalent on residual stress in cast iron castings, and (ii) the effect of inoculants such as calcium silicide and ferrosilicon on residual stress in iron castings in the carbon equivalent range 3.0–4.0%. The results of the investigation indicate the following: (i) the residual strains decrease linearly with increase in carbon equivalent in the uninoculated and inoculated irons; (ii) the tensile residual stresses decrease linearly with increase in carbon equivalent value of the uninoculated, calcium silicide-inoculated and ferrosilicon-inoculated cast iron castings; (iii) the ratio of UTS to residual stress increased on inoculating the grid castings. This increase is higher for calcium silicide-inoculated grids than for ferrosilicon-inoculated grid castings. This implies that from the residual stress point of view, inoculation of the iron with calcium silicide is beneficial.

Healing gardens in the Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital: Reflections on benefits, preferences and design from bench diaries

Background Interest in the use of healing gardens in healthcare settings to provide therapeutic benefits is increasing, however insight is needed to determine whether patients, patient families and friends, and staff who spend time in these gardens use these in the manner for which they were designed, and experience the benefits suggested by broader research in this field. Objective(s) Visitors to four of the LCCH gardens have left comments in ‘bench diaries’ (visitors books). Analysis of these comments yields valuable insights into the use of the gardens, enabling reflection on the design intent and outcomes and guidance regarding how the gardens might be better utilised, as well as a basis for further investigation into the use and value of the gardens. Method(s) Comments have been coded and analysed using a thematic analysis approach to identify patterns relating to the reasons for which people appear to come to the healing gardens; benefits they appear to receive from spending time there; and features and aspects of the gardens that they appear to appreciate in particular. Only comments related to the gardens have been used in this analysis, with all comments being deidentified. Outcome/Conclusion Comments left in the Adventure Garden and Secret Garden bench diaries were used for the analysis, as Staff Garden and Babies Garden bench diary comments did not relate to the garden. There were no negative comments relating to the gardens, other than one comment requesting additional benches. The vast majority of comments expressed gratitude for the space. The four most frequently observed themes from the comments left in the Secret Garden Bench Diary indicated that they were seeking ‘time out’ from their experiences of being at the hospital, a desire for a ‘dose of nature’ (greenery, beautiful garden, etc), and fresh air, and that the garden space provided a restorative experience to them in some manner. Comments in the Adventure Garden Bench Diary related predominately to the view. Analysis of the comments emphasises the importance of gardens providing multi-sensory experiences that significantly differentiate the space from the hospital ward and provide visitors with a sense of being away, of peacefulness, and of familiarity with the outside world. Positioning gardens with prospect, and solar aspect, appears important in these regards, as does the presence of visible greenery. Adequate seating in locations that provide pleasing views appears particularly important for staff and adult visitors. Whilst comments in the Bench Diaries did not indicate direct awareness of the stress and anxiety-reducing effects that research elsewhere has found from viewing plants and nature, however these effects may underpin many of these experiences that visitors did share.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

We present the complete mitochondrial genome (accession number: LK995454) of an iconic Australian species, the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). The mitogenomic organization is consistent with other marsupials, encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, an origin of light strand replication and a control region or Dloop. No repetitive sequences were detected in the control region. The M. giganteus mitogenome exemplifies a combination of tRNA gene order and structural peculiarities that appear to be unique to marsupials. We present a maximum likelihood phylogeny based on complete mitochondrial protein and RNA coding sequences that confirms the phylogenetic position of the grey kangaroo among macropodids.

The hard work of leisure: Healthy life, activewear and Lorna Jane

Since the 2000s activewear has grown as a fashion category, and the tropes of gym wear – leggings, leotards and block colours – have become fashionable attire for both men and women outside the gym. This article examines the rise of activewear in the context of an on-going dialogue between fashion and sport since the beginning of the twentieth century. Through an analysis of the Australian activewear label, Lorna Jane, we consider the fashionable female body as both the object and subject of a consumer culture that increasingly overlays leisure with fashion. Activewear can be seen as the embodiment of an active and fashionable lifestyle that is achieved through a regime of self-discipline, and that symbolizes the pleasure in attaining and displaying the healthy and fit body.

Optimal management of conflicting species: Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea

The objective of this thesis is to examine the economic effects in the conflict between grey seal population and the salmon fishery in the Baltic Sea. We will formulate a bioeconomic model which provides new insights on the optimal management of Atlantic salmon with respect to the effects brought about by the grey seal population. As the catch losses caused by seals have an effect on salmon fishery in Baltic, we will study how seal population affects the present value of the salmon fishery. The study considers the Finnish coastal trap net fishery. The bioeconomic model considers a scenario of sole salmon fishery and a scenario of salmon fishery affected by the grey seal population. On the basis of these scenarios, a seal compensation scheme is introduced. We can observe a significant economic seal-induced effect on the salmon fishery. The results suggest that the present seal compensation scheme emploid by the Finnish government is suboptimal. This thesis is part of the TARMO –project, in which the conflict between grey seal population and salmon fishery is studied using the methods of environmental economics.

Evidence for the presence of remnant strain in grey‐tracked KTiOPO4

Grey tracks produced in KTiOPO4 (KTP) by applying a dc electric field have been studied through optical absorption, Raman scattering, and synchrotron x‐ray topography. A study of the optical absorption and Raman scattering from the grey‐tracked region suggests that their formation is accompanied by changes in the electronic levels of Ti4+. There is no evidence for a major structural change or disorder in the grey‐tracked region. However, the x‐ray topographs do indicate the presence of a remnant strain in the lattice, which might contribute to the observed changes in the Raman intensities.

Razão ou sensibilidade? A educação que orientou a composição de personagens femininas em obras de Jane Austen

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar de que forma a educação oferecida a mulheres do final do século XVIII e início do século XIX pode ter contribuído para a composição de personagens femininas nos romances Razão e sensibilidade (1811) e Orgulho e preconceito (1813), da escritora britânica Jane Austen (1775 1817). O presente trabalho apresenta o pensamento de importantes nomes da literatura, da crítica e teoria literárias, como também da história, como suporte no mapeamento não apenas do que era discutido a respeito do momento e do lugar em que Jane Austen e os romances aqui em tela se inserem, mas principalmente acerca da educação feminina

Mulheres nas obras de Jane Austen

Considerando-se o papel representado pela literatura diante da formação de novas subjetividades, esta pesquisa investigou os discursos acerca do feminino presentes em três romances de autoria feminina do século XIX Razão e sensibilidade, Orgulho e Preconceito e Mansfield Park da romancista Jane Austen, uma das escritoras mais aclamadas da Inglaterra. Utilizando-se os personagens femininos desses romances e como eles se posicionam diante das relações afetivas e sociais, buscou-se estabelecer um paralelo entre a literatura e a história das mulheres. Sendo considerada uma das responsáveis pela consolidação do gênero romanesco inglês, Jane Austen insere em seus romances a questão da feminilidade como histórica e socialmente construída, além de ser ela própria também um exemplo da desconstrução dos papéis femininos, já que escreveu num tempo no qual a vida literária não era um espaço que as mulheres deveriam ocupar. No entanto, muitas vezes, tanto a discussão sobre as representações das mulheres nas suas obras, como a própria representatividade da autora para o campo de atuação das mulheres inglesas são negligenciados devido a uma leitura superficial de seus romances. Assim, este trabalho buscou dialogar com a história das mulheres, enriquecendo este campo de estudo, trazendo novos dados e formas de pensar as relações das mulheres na sociedade, através da literatura, além de objetivar dar mais destaque à romancista dentro deste campo de estudo. Não foi intenção fazer uma análise literária das obras, mas uma análise dos discursos existentes por trás dos papéis femininos nos romances escritos por Jane Austen, enquanto possível espelho da visão social da feminilidade, levando-se em consideração o contexto sócio histórico em que foram escritas