L'expressió de la conseqüència en català antic: les consecutives d’intensitat - manera

Tradicionalment els gramàtics hem agrupat sota el rètol d’oracions consecutives estructures molt diverses que tenen en comú el fet que la segona de les dues proposicions relacionades expressa la conseqüència del que es diu a la primera. Dins d’aquestes estructures s’han distingit dos grans grups. D’una banda, les anomenades consecutives paratàctiques o il·latives, on la relació lògica establerta entre les dues proposicions té caràcter asindètic o bé es codifica mitjançant un marcador discursiu i, de l’altra, les consecutives subordinades, on la proposició que expressa la conseqüència s’introdueix a través de nexos subordinants. En aquest article volem tractar l’evolució d’un tipus d’oracions consecutives subordinades, les anomenades consecutives d’intensitat-manera que il·lustrem amb els exemples de català medieval

Los nexos causales y finales en el Curial e Güelfa: descripción de una sincronía histórica

En este estudio se examinan las estructuras que expresan causa yfinalidad en el Curial e Güelfa. El estudio cuantitativo de los nexossimples y compuestos evidencia que el autor sigue un modelo retóricoacotado por la tradición de la scripta medieval catalana. A diferenciade los primeros textos, la lengua del Curial es una prosa trabada,alejada de la oralidad, en la que los nexos no suelen ser ambiguos y,por tanto, no se precisan inferencias pragmáticas para interpretar lasrelaciones lógicas existentes entre las proposiciones

Foco oracional y polaridad: en torno a una asimetría entre el español y el catalán

En aquest estudi s’examina la perifèria esquerra del català antic en comparació amb la del castellà antic, i es descriuen les diferències més rellevants

Procedural Meaning Explicatures in the Development of New Subordination Strategies in Romance

The sociocultural changes that led to the genesis of Romance languages widened the gap between oral and written patterns, which display different discoursive and linguistic devices. In early documents, discoursive implicatures connecting propositions were not generally codified, so that the reader should furnish the correctinterpretation according to his own perception of real facts; which can still be attested in current oral utterances. Once Romance languages had undergone several levelling processes which concluded in the first standardizations, implicatures became explicatures and were syntactically codified by means of univocal new complexconjunctions. As a consequence of the emergence of these new subordination strategies, a freer distribution of the information conveyed by the utterances is allowed. The success of complex structural patterns ran alongside of the genesis of new narrative genres and the generalization of a learned rhetoric. Both facts are a spontaneous effect of new approaches to the act of reading. Ancient texts were written to be read to a wide audience, whereas those printed by the end of the XV th century were conceived to be read quietly, in a low voice, by a private reader. The goal of this paper is twofold, since we will show that: a) The development of new complex conjunctions through the history of Romance languages accommodates to four structural patterns that range from parataxis tohypotaxis. b) This development is a reflex of the well known grammaticalization path from discourse to syntax that implies the codification of discoursive strategies (Givón 2 1979, Sperber and Wilson 1986, Carston 1988, Grice 1989, Bach 1994, Blackemore 2002, among others]

Variación y periferia izquierda: la Anteposición de Foco Débil en español y en catalán

El objetivo de éste estudio es el análisis diacrónico y comparativo {español-catalán} de la Anteposición de Foco Débil (AFD) en las lenguas románicas medievales

Mesoclitic Romance futures and conditionals vs participle preposing

(INFINITIVE + CLITIC + AUX) is an evidential configuration in Old Spanish and Old Catalan, whereas (PARTICIPLE + CLITIC + AUX) is an instance of weak or unmarked focus fronting. The evidentiality of mesoclitic structures can be put forward on the bases of three main arguments: a) mesoclisis is not compulsory (i.e., whenever you have a clitic, you can either have mesoclisis or proclisis/enclisis); b) mesoclitic futures and conditionals areattested in interrogative sentences (with wh- elements); and c) they are not found in derived adverbial clauses (which is what you expect if they have an evidential value, since they bring about intervention effects corresponding to the derivational account of conditional and temporal sentences, for example - see Haegeman 2007 and ff.), and are related to high modal expressions (thus interfering with MoodPIrrealis)

Relative clauses in Iraqi Arabic and the status of resumptive pronouns

Not much has been said about the grammar of Iraqi Arabic. This research is an attempt to shed light on the nature of IA relative clauses. The research focuses on the behavior of the resumptive strategy as opposed to the gap strategy. We consider islandhood, Weak and Strong CrossOver, reconstruction and scope binding, in order to further understand the behavior of resumption. The final conclusion reached is that in Iraqi Arabic the resumptive strategy is actually related to the gap strategy in several respects; and in those where it differs we propose that gaps (traces) are replaced by trace+pronoun complex

Emphatic Polarity from Latin to Romance

This paper offers an analysis of some emphatic polarity constructions in Spanish and Catalan from a diachronic and comparative perspective. We focus on the syntactic processes involved in the verbalization of this polarity, in both its positive and negative expression. Our main proposal is that the markers used in Spanish and Catalan (as well as other Romance languages) to reinforce polarity have acquired their status as the consequence of a focalization process. It will be argued that these elements have undergone leftward movement from their base-generated hierarchically low position to a prominent position in the left periphery of the sentence (see Rizzi 1997) and subsequently experienced a progressive bleaching of their original value (which is related to a verbal denotation) to end up being reanalyzed / grammaticalized as polarity markers

Dos cuestiones pendientes de la sintaxis de los pronombres átonos: enclisis como fenómeno asociado a las oraciones matrices y doble clítico en las construcciones perifrásticas = The Remainders of the Syntax of Clitics: Enclisis as a Root Phenomenon, and Clitic Doubling in Periphrastic Constructions

Conferència centrada en dos aspectes concrets de la sintaxi dels pronoms àtons: l' enclisis que es dona en algunes oracions subordinades de les variants iberromàniques modernes de l'oest peninsular i les configuracions de doble cíclic en les construccions perifràstiques

La Negación en español medieval: evolución de los términos de polaridad negativa

Estudi sobre la negació en el castellà antic des d'un punt de vista sincrònic i dins el marc de la gramàtica generativa

Sintagma determinante

El sintagma determinant en el castellà antic medieval

Del discurso a la lexicografía: propuesta de aplicación para los conectores reformulativos

This paper aims at defending the necessity of creating applicationsfrom studies on discourse, so that applied linguistics becomes auseful tool for the society. This work explains briefly what reformulation connectors are and it shows the electronic prototype (than can be consulted by internet) of a tool designed to make the work of lexicographerseasy concerning the entrance of connectors in the dictionaries (ALCOR), by making emphasis on the theoretical base on which it is sustained and on the decisions of application that have been taken into account.

La duración consonántica en castellano

This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the duralion of Spanish consonants. The influence of three different factors—stress, location on thesyllable, and pause vicinity— on the duration of consonants in reading text has been studied. Phonetic context and speech rate have also been controlled. The obtained results seem to indicate that the vicinity of a pause and the location of the consonant in the syllable have a systematic effect on all the consonants, while the stress only affects the duration of a rcduced set of voicedallophones ([1], [r] and [n]). Some general conclusions about the mean duration of each consonant, and about the relationship between duration and voicing, manner and place of articulation, have also been established.

Semántica de los adverbios de modo celerativos

En este artículo se analiza la semántica de los adverbios de modo del español, que indican velocidad (deprisa, despacio, rápidamente, lentamente, etc.). La modificación que llevan a cabo estos adverbios, a los que denominamos celebrativos, puede incidir sobre los distintos aspectos del significado oracional. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este trabajo consiste en identificar cuáles son sus posibles lecturas, para proponer una representación formal del significado de cada una de las unidades analizadas; así mismo, se ofrece una caracterización general semántica de este conjunto de modificadores. Se distinguen tres subclases de adverbios celerativos: los que modifican un argumento eventivo, los que modifican un argumento temporal y los que establecen una relación entre dos eventos.

Los sintagmas nominales extensos especializados en inglés y en español: descripción y clasificación en un corpus de genoma

En el presente trabajo se presenta un estado de la cuestión desde diferentes disciplinas sobre los sintagmas nominales extensos especializados (SNEE) de más de tres tokens en inglés y en español en textos especializados del nivel experto-experto en el área del genoma. Se propone una metodología para describir y clasificar los SNEE a partir de 500.000 palabras en cada lengua de modo que se definan regularidades y se propongan soluciones para los diferentes profesionales del lenguaje.