Naples et son golfe,

Mode of access: Internet.

Monographie de l'île d'Anticosti (Golfe Saint-Laurent)

Mode of access: Internet.

Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meduse Eleutheria (Clavatella) aus dem Golfe von Triest.

Thesis (doctoral)--Konigl. Universitat Breslau.

Indice de Point Fixe pour les Morphismes de Chaînes

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54H25, 55M20.

Résolution d'anaphores et identification des chaînes de coréférence selon le type de texte

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Les effets d'un traitement par l'hormone de croissance sur l'expression ventriculaire des peptides natriurétiques et des isoformes de myosine de chaînes lourdes chez le hamster cardiomyopathique

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Résolution d'anaphores et identification des chaînes de coréférence selon le type de texte

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Les effets d'un traitement par l'hormone de croissance sur l'expression ventriculaire des peptides natriurétiques et des isoformes de myosine de chaînes lourdes chez le hamster cardiomyopathique

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Foraminiferal assemblage and statistical analysis of surface sediment samples from the Golfe d'Arguin, Mauritania

With the growing pressure of eutrophication in tropical regions, the Mauritian shelf provides a natural situation to understand the variability in mesotrophic assemblages. Site-specific dynamics occur throughout the 1200 m depth gradient. The shallow assemblages divide into three types of warm-water mesotrophic foraminiferal assemblages, which is not only a consequence of high primary productivity restricting light to the benthos but due to low pore water oxygenation, shelf geomorphology, and sediment partitioning. In the intermediate depth (approx. 500 m), the increase in foraminiferal diversity is due to the cold-water coral habitat providing a greater range of micro niches. Planktonic species characterise the lower bathyal zone, which emphasizes the reduced benthic carbonate production at depth. Although, due to the strong hydrodynamics within the Golf, planktonic species occur in notable abundances through out the whole depth gradient. Overall, this study can easily be compared to other tropical marine settings investigating the long-term effects of tropical eutrophication and the biogeographic distribution of carbonate producing organisms.

Optimização dos consumos de água na irrigação de campos golfe

A presente dissertação propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema de Irrigação de baixo custo para campos de Golfe. Este sistema é capaz de recolher a previsão meteorológica e ainda medir um conjunto de valores (temperatura, humidade, velocidade do vento) que determina quando e quanto regar. Os campos de Golfe consumem diariamente elevadas quantidades de água, sendo esta a principal crítica feita pelas organizações ambientais. Esta dissertação incorpora uma comunicação sem fios de baixo custo, que dispensa a cablagem que é necessária para haver comunicação entre os diversos equipamentos, que estão distribuídos pelo campo de Golfe. O sistema desenvolvido pretende reduzir os desperdícios dos recursos hídricos na rega, pois é um sistema inteligente que poderá ser adquirido não só por gestores de campos de Golfe, mas também por jardins residenciais e municipais. Com o objetivo de criar um sistema de baixo custo foi elaborado um algoritmo de reencaminhamento de mensagens, que permite utilizar equipamentos de comunicação sem fios de baixo custo. Todo o sistema de Irrigação é controlado e monitorizado através de uma interface, desenvolvida em Microsoft Visual Basic.

Les petites pêches côtières et estuariennes Françaises du sud du golfe de Gascogne. Typologie des flottilles et approche socio-économique et commerciale

The European contract PECOSUDE (Small inshore fisheries of the south of Europe) accepted in 2000 for 2 years concerns French, Spanish and Portuguese partners. The aim is to assess the inshore and estuarine fisheries from Loire estuary to Portugal. Three levels of study are considered : fisheries (data 1999), socioeconomy and marketing (data 1999 or 2000). Exploitation in the 12 miles area for France and on continental shelf for northern Spain and Portugal (within 1000 m depth), as well as the fishing period lower than 96 hours was determined as the definition of this fishery for the study. Socioeconomic analyses are made only on boats smaller than 15 m. The fisheries part analyses the activity of the fishing vessels taking into account gears used, landed species, areas and fishing seasons. Within the 39 harbours of the south Bay of Biscay 1 799 coastal or estuarine vessels with 3 580 fishermen are located. Statics gears are predominant, and more than half of the vessels are polyvalent (using several gears). In 1999, landings were 20 6441 weight for 84 M¿ value. The fishing activity of these boats was also analysed by typology of the fleet, based on fishing gears and/or species landed. These characterisations allowed the application of stratified sampling for the implementation of socioeconomic investigations. The analysis of the information received from the fishermen allow to describe the production factors, to estimate their costs, as well as the turnover, the richness creation and the efficiency of the production means. The capital value of the south Bay of Biscay " ship " is established about 94 k¿, the average turnover amount to 83 k¿ and the average rate of added value to 70%. Products commercialisation vary from component to component, the importance of the sells in auction places depends on the landed species. Some valuable species are directly sold to particular

L'orientation et la propriété de mémoire de forme des polymères cristallins liquides à chaînes latérales covalents et supramoléculaires

In many studies of the side-chain liquid crystalline polymers (SCLCPs) bearing azobenzene mesogens as pendant groups, obtaining the orientation of azobenzene mesogens at a macroscopic scale as well as its control is important, because it impacts many properties related to the cooperative motion characteristic of liquid crystals and the trans-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene molecules. Various means can be used to align the mesogens in the polymers, including rubbed surface, mechanical stretching or shearing, and electric or magnetic field. In the case of azobenzene-containing SCLCPs, another method consists in using linearly polarized light (LPL) to induce orientation of azobenzene mesogens perpendicular to the polarization direction of the excitation light, and such photoinduced orientation has been the subject of numerous studies. In the first study realized in this thesis (Chapter 1), we carried out the first systematic investigation on the interplay of the mechanically and optically induced orientation of azobenzene mesogens as well as the effect of thermal annealing in a SCLCP and a diblock copolymer comprising two SCLCPs bearing azobenzene and biphenyl mesogens, respectively. Using a supporting-film approach previously developed by our group, a given polymer film can be first stretched in either the nematic or smectic phase to yield orientation of azobenzene mesogens either parallel or perpendicular to the strain direction, then exposed to unpolarized UV light to erase the mechanically induced orientation upon the trans–cis isomerization, followed by linearly polarized visible light for photoinduced reorientation as a result of the cis–trans backisomerization, and finally heated to different LC phases for thermal annealing. Using infrared dichroism to monitor the change in orientation degree, the results of this study have unveiled complex and different orientational behavior and coupling effects for the homopolymer of poly{6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate} (PAzMA) and the diblock copolymer of PAzMA-block- poly{6-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate} (PAzMA-PBiPh). Most notably for the homopolymer, the stretching-induced orientation exerts no memory effect on the photoinduced reorientation, the direction of which is determined by the polarization of the visible light regardless of the mechanically induced orientation direction in the stretched film. Moreover, subsequent thermal annealing in the nematic phase leads to parallel orientation independently of the initial mechanically or photoinduced orientation direction. By contrast, the diblock copolymer displays a strong orientation memory effect. Regardless of the condition used, either for photoinduced reorientation or thermal annealing in the liquid crystalline phase, only the initial stretching-induced perpendicular orientation of azobenzene mesogens can be recovered. The reported findings provide new insight into the different orientation mechanisms, and help understand the important issue of orientation induction and control in azobenzene-containing SCLCPs. The second study presented in this thesis (Chapter 2) deals with supramolecular side-chain liquid crystalline polymers (S-SCLCPs), in which side-group mesogens are linked to the chain backbone through non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Little is known about the mechanically induced orientation of mesogens in S-SCLCPs. In contrast to covalent SCLCPs, free-standing, solution-cast thin films of a S-SCLCP, built up with 4-(4’-heptylphenyl) azophenol (7PAP) H-bonded to poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP), display excellent stretchability. Taking advantage of this finding, we investigated the stretching-induced orientation and the viscoelastic behavior of this S-SCLCP, and the results revealed major differences between supramolecular and covalent SCLCPs. For covalent SCLCPs, the strong coupling between chain backbone and side-group mesogens means that the two constituents can mutually influence each other; the lack of chain entanglements is a manifestation of this coupling effect, which accounts for the difficulty in obtaining freestanding and mechanically stretchable films. Upon elongation of a covalent SCLCP film cast on a supporting film, the mechanical force acts on the coupled polymer backbone and mesogenic side groups, and the latter orients cooperatively and efficiently (high orientation degree), which, in turn, imposes an anisotropic conformation of the chain backbone (low orientation degree). In the case of the S-SCLCP of P4VP-7PAP, the coupling between the side-group mesogens and the chain backbone is much weakened owing to the dynamic dissociation/association of the H-bonds linking the two constituents. The consequence of this decoupling is readily observable from the viscoelastic behavior. The average molecular weight between entanglements is basically unchanged in both the smectic and isotropic phase, and is similar to non-liquid crystalline samples. As a result, the S-SCLCP can easily form freestanding and stretchable films. Furthermore, the stretching induced orientation behavior of P4VP-7PAP is totally different. Stretching in the smectic phase results in a very low degree of orientation of the side-group mesogens even at a large strain (500%), while the orientation of the main chain backbone develops steadily with increasing the strain, much the same way as amorphous polymers. The results imply that upon stretching, the mechanical force is mostly coupled to the polymer backbone and leads to its orientation, while the main chain orientation exerts little effect on orienting the H-bonded mesogenic side groups. This surprising finding is explained by the likelihood that during stretching in the smectic phase (at relatively higher temperatures) the dynamic dissociation of the H-bonds allow the side-group mesogens to be decoupled from the chain backbone and relax quickly. In the third project (Chapter 3), we investigated the shape memory properties of a S-SCLCP prepared by tethering two azobenzene mesogens, namely, 7PAP and 4-(4'-ethoxyphenyl) azophenol (2OPAP), to P4VP through H-bonding. The results revealed that, despite the dynamic nature of the linking H-bonds, the supramolecular SCLCP behaves similarly to covalent SCLCP by exhibiting a two-stage thermally triggered shape recovery process governed by both the glass transition and the LC-isotropic phase transition. The ability for the supramolecular SCLCP to store part of the strain energy above T[subscript g] in the LC phase enables the triple-shape memory property. Moreover, thanks to the azobenzene mesogens used, which can undergo trans-cis photoisomerization, exposure the supramolecular SCLCP to UV light can also trigger the shape recovery process, thus enabling the remote activation and the spatiotemporal control of the shape memory. By measuring the generated contractile force and its removal upon turning on and off the UV light, respectively, on an elongated film under constant strain, it seems that the optically triggered shape recovery stems from a combination of a photothermal effect and an effect of photoplasticization or of an order-disorder phase transition resulting from the trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene mesogens.

Débalancement du métabolisme des acides gras polyinsaturés à longues chaînes chez les porteurs de l'apolipoprotéine E ε4

Les porteurs de l’apolipoprotéine E ε4 (APOE4) sont à risque accru de développer un déclin cognitif et/ou des maladies cardiovasculaires comparativement aux non-porteurs. Ceci serait partiellement attribuable à un débalancement dans le métabolisme de l’acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA), un acide gras (AG) polyinsaturé oméga-3 qui joue un rôle crucial dans la santé du cerveau et du cœur. La consommation d’une diète riche en AG saturés et la présence de surpoids pourraient exacerber ce débalancement puisque ces facteurs modifient l’homéostasie du DHA. Des données préliminaires suggèrent que la consommation d’un supplément à haute dose de DHA, sur le long terme, permettrait de rétablir l’homéostasie de cet AG chez les porteurs de l’APOE4. L’objectif de la première étude était d’évaluer la réponse plasmatique à un supplément de DHA chez des participants consommant une diète riche en AG saturés, et ce, en fonction de l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et du statut de porteur de l’APOE4. Cette étude a démontré une interaction génotype x IMC sur la réponse plasmatique de l’acide arachidonique (AA) et du DHA au supplément. De plus, les porteurs de l'APOE4 étaient de plus faibles répondeurs au supplément de DHA comparativement aux non-porteurs, mais seulement chez les participants en surpoids. L’objectif de la seconde étude était d’évaluer si une diète riche en DHA pendant huit mois permet de rétablir les niveaux de DHA dans le foie de souris porteuses de l’APOE4 et d’évaluer si les transporteurs hépatiques d’AG sont impliqués dans ce rétablissement. Les résultats ont démontré que sous une diète contrôle, les concentrations hépatiques d’AA et de DHA étaient plus élevées chez les souris APOE4 comparativement aux souris APOE3 et que le transporteur d’AG hépatiques FABP1 est impliqué. Par contre, chez les souris ayant consommé la diète riche en DHA, les niveaux d’AA et de DHA étaient similaires entre les génotypes. Ceci suggère qu’une supplémentation à long terme en DHA pourrait rétablir l’homéostasie de l’AA et du DHA chez les porteurs de l’APOE4. Puisque le DHA est impliqué dans la santé du cerveau et du cœur, la consommation de hautes doses de DHA chez les porteurs de l’APOE4 pourrait contribuer à diminuer leur risque de développer un déclin cognitif et/ou des maladies cardiovasculaires mais cette association devra être évaluée dans des études ultérieures.

Suite du theatre de la guerre dans l'Amérique Septentrionale y compris le Golfe du Méxique /

Relief shown pictorially.

RAIMOUEST : la pêcherie française de raies dans le golfe normand-breton

The landing ban of Raja undulata has raised misunderstanding for French fishermen, particularly for those fishing in the Norman‐Breton gulf (Southeast of ICES Division VIIe) where this species is very abundant. In this context, the RAIMOUEST project was launched as a professional and scientist partnership in order to enhance fisheries data on the main ray species caught in the Norman-Breton Gulf (Raja undulata, Raja brachyura, Raja clavata, Raja montagui and Raja microocellata). The French ray fisheries fleet was identified and a sample of fishermen involved in rays fishing was interviewed. Landings and effort data (logbooks), auctions sales and sampling at sea aboard professional fishing vessels were analysed. This working document presents the current results of this study. The French fleet concerned by ray fishing in the Normand-Breton Gulf in 2012 was composed of 289 vessels, mainly coastal trawlers/dredgers and small length size netters and longliners. R. undulata is the main ray species in this area. This species seems to form a local stock in the Normand-Breton Gulf with some continuity in the Eastern English Channel and the Western part of the Western English Channel. Three ways of analysis were used to provide an indicative level of R. undulata stock: French landings before 2009 were estimated at least at 300 tons in the Western English Channel (VIIe) and 160 tons in the Normand-Breton Gulf; sales at auctions of the Basse-Normandie fleet before 2009 were estimated at 235 tons in the western English Channel and 35 tons in the eastern English Channel (VIId); discards by the French bottom trawl fleet in ICES Division VIIe in 2012 and 2013 were estimated at 750 tons. Information on the spatial distribution of the other ray species in the English Channel was also provided. The coastal localisation of nursery for R. undulata and R. clavata was highlighted.