Godfrey of Bulloigne; or, The recovery of Jerusalem:

Mode of access: Internet.

Afternoon of tennis, ca. 1905

Students in tennis attire sitting on grass, ca. 1905 (Daybook image)

Interior bungalow office of C. Lee Bliss (Class of 1907), ca. 1910

2 scans - 1of2 =as photo appears today, 2of2 = auto color corrected

Comparison of Ba/Ca and d18OWATER as freshwater proxies: a multi-species core-top study on planktonic foraminifera from the vicinity of the Orinoco River mouth

Past river run-off is an important measure for the continental hydrological cycle and the as-sessment of freshwater input into the ocean. However, paleosalinity reconstructions applying different proxies in parallel often show offsets between the respective methods. Here, we compare the established foraminiferal Ba/Ca and d18OWATER salinity proxies for their capability to record the highly seasonal Orinoco freshwater plume in the eastern Caribbean. For this purpose we obtained a data set comprising Ba/Ca and d18OWATER determined on multiple spe-cies of planktonic foraminifera from core tops distributed around the Orinoco river mouth. Our findings indicate that interpretations based on either proxy could lead to different conclu-sions. In particular, Ba/Ca and d18OWATER diverge in their spatial distribution due to different governing factors. Apparently, the Orinoco freshwater plume is best tracked by Ba/Ca ratios of G. ruber (pink and sensu lato morphotypes), while d18OWATER based on the same species is more related to the local precipitation-evaporation balance overprinting the riverine freshwater contribution. Other shallow dwelling species (G. sacculifer, O. universa) show a muted response to the freshwater discharge, most likely due to their ecological and habitat prefer-ences. Extremely high Ba/Ca ratios recorded by G. ruber are attributed to Ba2+-desorption from suspended matter derived from the Orinoco. Samples taken most proximal to the freshwater source do not show pronounced Ba/Ca or d18OWATER anomalies. Here, the suspension loaded freshwater lid developing during maximum discharge suppresses foraminiferal populations. Both proxies are therefore biased towards dry season conditions at these sites, when surface salinity is only minimally reduced.

Analysis of Alpha CA Genes in Early Vertebrates and ; High-Invertebrates

Carbonic anhydrases are enzymes that are ubiquitously found in all organisms that are engaged in catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate and proton and vice versa. They are crucial in the process of respiration, bone resorption, pH regulation, ion transport, and photosynthesis in plants. Out of the five classes of carbonic anhydrase α, β, γ, δ, ζ this study focused in the α carbonic anhydrases. This class of CAs constitute of 16 subfamilies in mammals that include 3 non-active enzymes known as Carbonic Anhydrase Related Proteins. The inactiveness of these enzymes is due to the loss of one or more Histidine residues in the active site. This thesis was conducted based on the aim of studying evolutionary analysis of carbonic anhydrase sequences from organisms spanning from the Cambrian age. It was carried out in two phases. The first phase was the sequence collection, which involved many biological sequence databases as a source. The scope of this segment included sequence alignments and analysis of the sequence manually and in an automated form incorporating few analysis tools. The second Phase was phylogenetic analysis and exploring the subcellular location of the proteins, which was key for the evolutionary analysis. Through the medium of the methods conducted with respect to the phases mentioned above, it was possible to accomplish the desired result. Certain thought-provoking sequences were come across and analyzed thoroughly. Whereas, Phylogenetics showed interesting results to bolster previous findings and new findings as well which lay bedrock for future intensified studies.

Frequency of elemental events of intracellular Ca��⁺ dynamics

The dynamics of intracellular Ca��⁺ is driven by random events called Ca��⁺ puffs, in which Ca��⁺ is liberated from intracellular stores. We show that the emergence of Ca��⁺ puffs can be mapped to an escape process. The mean first passage times that correspond to the stochastic fraction of puff periods are computed from a novel master equation and two Fokker-Planck equations. Our results demonstrate that the mathematical modeling of Ca��⁺ puffs has to account for the discrete character of the Ca��⁺ release sites and does not permit a continuous description of the number of open channels.