Pièces concernant les relations diplomatiques entre la France et l'Espagne ; contrats de mariages royaux ; questions de frontières. — Copies. (1510-1624).

Contient : Contrat de mariage d'Élisabeth de France avec Philippe II, roi d'Espagne, 1559 ; Contrat de mariage de Charles IX avec Élisabeth d'Autriche, et pièces annexes, 1569-1570 ; Ligue défensive entre les Maisons de France et d'Espagne ; Contrat de mariage de Louis XIII avec Anne d'Autriche, et pièces annexes, 1612-1615 ; Contrat de mariage d'Élisabeth de France avec Philippe IV, roi d'Espagne, et pièces annexes, 1612-1615 (f. 86). « Actes et mémoires sur le différend qui est entre les roys de France et d'Espagne pour la rivière d'Endaye », 1510-1581 (f. 111) ; Mémoires concernant le port de Socoa, 1609-1618 ; Requêtes des habitants d'Hendaye contre ceux de Fontarabie ; « Traictez et autres actes pour les confins de Navarre », 1614, etc ; Rapport au roi d'Espagne sur l'état de la frontière de Navarre, des lieux par où les Français pourraient entrer en Navarre, etc ; « Relation touchant les costes de Languedoc, celles de Roussillon et de Catalongne, et des advantages qu'a la France sur l'Espagne de ce costé là » ; En tète du volume, tables des pièces, la seconde de la main de Pierre Dupuy

Oeuvres médicales de GUY DE CHAULIAC, LANFRANC, Jean LE LIEVRE, HIPPOCRATE, etc.

Contient : Calendrier français à l'usage de Toulouse ; Table du contenu de ce recueil ; Figures et vers français sur les quatre complexions de l'homme « sanguin, colorique, fleumatique et milencolique » ; Tables astronomiques ; « Taula per saber la calitat de las planetas » ; « Taula de la luna per conoysc en cal signe es cada jorn » ; « Taula per saber la hora de las plan[e]tas » ; « Disputacions de cyreurgie sur les condicions de tout le corps, ordonnées sur les oeuvrez de maistre Guidon de Caillac, maistre en medecine. Pour ce que selon Galien, in libro XVIJ° de utilitate particularium, capitulo penultimo, quatre utilités et prouffis sont... — ... est dit proprement pannicule. Expliciunt disputaciones » ; « L'Anothomie mise en disputacions. Cyreurgie est une science qui enseigne la maniere comment ont doit ouvrer... — ... En tout le grant pié y a XXX os. Explicit, » etc. (Figure du squelette humain, fol. 38 v°) ; « Le formulaire de maistre Lenfranc, doctour en medecine, qu'il envoya à son fils Bernard pour luy donner doctrine et congnoissance de cyrurgie en petite forme. Honorable Bernard, je Alenfranc entens de faire ung livre... — ... tu pourras savoir de plus grans choses. Explicit » ; « Le formulaire des aydes des apostemez, postulé et ordonné par maistre Guidon de Cailhac, cyreurgien et maistre en medicine, fait et composé à Montpellier, en l'an de Nostre S[eigneur] M. IIIe. XL. Pour ce que selon G[alien] ou III. de ingenio sanitatis, commancement de la science de ouvrer... — ... est à presumer que vous le savez » ; « Le formulaire des aydes des playes et des ulceres, ordonnées en Avignon par maistre Guidon de Cailhac, qui adonc estoit medecin du pape Clement, en l'an mil trois cens et quarente. Pour la doubte de oblier la necessité... — ... laver avecques de sang chault de bestez » ; « La deuxieme doctrine de la formacion des remedez... des maladies de la teste jusques es piez, selon la diversité des membres... Cy après mettrons les aydes des playes du chief... — ... et fiat emplastrum et est loé » ; « Aucunes bonnes receptes aprouvées par pluseurs ou fait de cyreurgie. Pour clistere. ???... » ; « Les proprietez de certaines eauez esprouvées par pluseurs docteurs en medecine. Eau de saulgie vaut contre toute paralisie... » — A la suite sont différentes recettes, parmi lesquelles la liste des jours périlleux de l'année (fol. 160) ; « Aucunez questions touchant le fait de flebotomye, qui sont extraictez et prises au VIJe livre de Guidon de Cailhac, qui est dit Antidotaire... Qu'est saignée ? Saignée ou flebothomie est incision de vaynez... — ... maladies moult mauvaises et perilleuses » ; « Ung petit traictié fait et compilé par maistre Jehan Le Lievre, tresexcellent maistre et docteur en medecine, sur le fait du nombre de la declairacion des vaynes qui sont assizes sur le corps de la personne. Cy après s'ensuit le nombre de la declairacion... Et premierement dit que au front en a une... — ... sur le corps est plus a plain declairé. Expliciunt les disputacions des saignées par ordre composées et le traictié sur ladite matiere de Me Jehan Le Lievre, docteur en medecine » ; « Le livre des secrez des dames, lequel est deffendu à reveler, sur peine d'escomeniment, en la Clementine, à nulle femme ne à nul homme, se il n'est de l'office de cyreurgie. Une dame m'a prié par courtoisie loyale... — ... avecques vin blanc et tantost enfantera » ; « Le chapitre des aydes de la mayre [matrice] des dames et de leurs medecinez. Il y a pluseurs femmes qui ont la maire chaulde... — ... jusques que le sang soit restraint » ; « Le meilleur livre que Ypocras eust en sa vie, qui traitte de la congnoissance de la vie et de la mort... Ypocras qui en son temps estoit le plus noble... — ... guarira au plaisir de Dieu. Cy finist le secret d'Ypocras » ; « Collacion pour congnoistre toutez les complexions selon la parolle de Me Albubert, dont Rasis, le noble et tresexcellent docteur parle en son livre. Les corps qui sont en complexion colorique... — ... plus fermez et fortez en judicature, etc. » ; « Certaynes curez et regimens d'aucunez oeuvrez perticulieres, faictes par ma[i]stre Jehan Piscis, docteur en medecine et chancellier de la noble faculté... à Montpellier. Et premierement pour le halaynement. Tu eviteras l'air froit... — ... (Ungant... contre la douleur des reins...) des devant dictez herbes ana. m.j. » ; « Aucunez proprietez de certainez viandes,... par maistre Jehan Piscis,... pour donner bonnez et malez humeurs selon la complexion des corps humains. Les viandes qui engendrent bon sang... — ... qui engendrent milencolie. » (Suivent, fol. 317, différentes formules de remedes) ; « Les cynonismes de maistre Guidon de Gailhac [Chauliac], maistre et docteur en medecyne, composez selon l'alphabetum... Aqua, c'est eaue et est la premiere des froides... — ... Usifur,... in secundo cum stipticitate » ; « Le livre des constellacions, pour savoir en quelle constellacion est homme né, et pour savoir les adventurez qui luy doyvent advenir, selon les dis des grans philosophez Tholomeus et Aristote. Premierement pour savoir la mort et la vie... — ... par le monde serchant son adventure. Cy finissent les XII signez et VII planettez » ; A la fin, on a biffé la mention : « Sed libre est de Piare d'Anjou, barbier de monseigneur le cardinal d'Alebret et sergent d'armes de nostre saint pere le Pape et serviteur de monseigneur le cardinal de Roan, et fut acheptay l'an mil CCCC LII »

A productivity map of cognitive pretest methods for improving survey questions

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

OCR A2 Geography : teacher guide.

Guía del profesor que da soporte al proceso de aprendizaje en clase y al libro de texto del nivel A2 de la especificación de OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations), enseñanza secundaria bachillerato, en el área de Geografía. Cubre las unidades F763 y F764 de la especificación. Contiene los siguientes temas: peligros medioambientales, ecosistemas y entornos en peligro, riesgos climatológicos, población y recursos, globalización, y desarrollo y desigualdades. Incluye comentarios a las respuestas de las preguntas tipo examen del libro de texto y hojas de trabajo para investigación.

Assessing the clinical competence of psychology students through Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs): student and staff views

Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are a well-known, reliable, and valid assessment method used across the healthcare sector. In the present study, we applied OSCEs in three units within professional postgraduate psychology courses, with the broad aims of identifying staff and student perceptions of the assessment. At the conclusion of each OSCE, staff and students completed a feedback questionnaire that contained both scaled and open-ended questions. Results suggest that clinical psychology OSCEs can be stressful for students, but are also well regarded. Both staff and students felt that the OSCEs were realistic, valid, and aligned well with professional practice. Students reported differences in the way in which they prepared for the OSCEs compared with a written exam or other form of assessment, while staff noted that models of OSCE development must be flexible, to adequately assess the objectives of individual units. Further, because they can be a costly exercise, OSCEs need to be applied judiciously within the tertiary sector.

The place of place-based education in the Australian primary geography curriculum

The idea for this paper emerged from a recent qualitative investigation which examined the ways in which six Australian primary teachers conceptualised geography and geography teaching (Preston, 2014b). A finding of this research was a strong correlation between the breadth of geographical understandings and the years of experience and age of participants. For early career teachers, conceptions of geography were narrowly confined to information-oriented perceptions. Whereas, the two teachers, with more than 30 years in primary schools, portrayed much more complex understandings. Their conceptions depicted geography as process-oriented and in relational terms, that is, understandings of geography that recognise the interactions and interdependence of people and environments (Bradbeer, Healey, & Kneale, 2004). Both these experienced teachers were also committed to place-based, inquiry approaches to geography teaching and had been using placebased methodologies long before it became a new movement in education (Morgan, 2009, p. 521 ). This prompted me to question why geography education seldom features in discourses of place-based education and to contemplate the oft-cited argument (at least in the United States) that the recent focus on curriculum standards is incompatible with locally responsive curriculum (Jennings, Swidler, & Koliba, 2005).
In order to answer these questions, I explore the intersections and divergences between place-based education and geography education in the Australian context. Drawing on Smith's (2002) and Gruenewald's (2003) conception of place-based education, and the new. Australian geography curriculum document, I argue that primary geography education has strong synergies with place-based education methodologies and aims. I further suggest that a geographical perspective can augment placebased education to enrich and broaden students' understandings of the complex interactions between and within places. This argument is balanced with a critical examination of the practice of geography education acknowledging that the tradition of fieldwork might benefit from placebased education approaches that enable more embodied, socially engaged interactions with places. Thus, I contend, place-based education and geography education are mutually supportive and each can extend the other. The paper concludes with a reflection on the challenges in Australia in preparing primary teachers for the implementation of the new (place-based) geography curriculum.

Tuberculose: conhecimentos, representações sociais e experiências da doença na visão do portador

Tuberculosis is considered one of the most ancient human diseases, cases were registered 3900 years before Christ, and it is currently regarded as a serious public health problem in the world due to several factors such as income mismanagement, precarious standard of life and some sort of prejudice comprised by the word tuberculosis. Taking this into consideration, it was developed a descriptive and exploratory study aiming at analyzing the social representations of tuberculosis made by its patient from the Unidades de Saúde da Família (Family Health Units a public health program) in Campina Grande City PB, in relation to the decentralization of the policies that administrate the disease. It was interviewed 34 tuberculosis patient that were being treated from 2007 to 2008. The age group of the interviewees varied from 10 to 60 years old, but most of them were between 36 and 60 years old (58,8%, n=20), some were young adult and adult (21 35 years old), with 11 (32,3%) respondents, and, less frequent, children and teenagers (11 20 years old), with 03 (8,8%) participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interview. The questions that guided the research were elaborated based on the operational recommendations of DOTS strategy; that is: access to laboratory examinations; medication guarantee; directly observed treatment. Besides that, the experiences of the patient were considered in their relation with the family and the different social groups. The analysis of the discursive material was submitted to the Analyse Lexicale par Context d un Ensemble de Segments de Texte software - ALCESTE 4.7. Data interpretation showed five categories for the social representations of the tuberculosis patient that participated in DOTS strategy: 1) the accessibility of the health assistance service; 2) the patient perspective of the disease; 3) the change in the operation of the productive life; 4) the signals and symptoms of the tuberculosis disease; 5) the rearrangement and mechanisms used to face the disease. The Central Nucleus reveals that tuberculosis is a transmissible disease that can be prevented by people through educational practices, health promotion, active search for symptomatic respiratory and control of the carriers communication; these mechanisms should be incorporated to the routine of all participants of the family health groups. The Intermediate Elements, based on quotidian life, as well as the individual experiences of the tuberculosis patient, reveals prejudiced attitude and beliefs that lead to isolation and restriction of interpersonal relationship. Peripheral Elements were constituted by themes that showed the patient feelings of indignation because of the social barriers they had to face in the Family Health Units during the treatment. These elements demonstrate a negative perspective of the representation concerning the accessibility, i.e. inadequate structure of the health service; long distance to the Health Centre, this factormakes it difficult for the patient to continue the treatment; scheduling delay; and limited service regarding other requests (doctor, dentist etc). One expects to contribute for the construction of a new perspective of the health question between the different agents who make the assistencial institutions and formation of professionals, either in central or local scope

The Geography of Brazilian External Trade: Right Option for a BRIC?

Words can make a difference sometimes.Brazil is – together with the other ´BRIC´- a large economy, with an increasingly high profile in the international scenario. Large domestic market makes it more likely to obtain ‘growth-led exports’ rather than ‘export-led growth’, which implies a pro-active role in international relations. The option for intensifying regional trade links is a reasonable one and perhaps even inevitable, taking into account the experience elsewhere, but the actual regional conditions raise a number of questions that have to do both with further empirical assessment and to more specific identification of expectations with regard to probable achievements. This article has shown that the road to reach significant progress in this direction is not flat and requires more clear signalling to economic agents, strong political will and a good deal of specific measures. But it has also suggested that it might provide positive results.

Rarely selected distractors in high stakes medical multiple-choice examinations and their recognition by item authors: A simulation and survey

Background Many medical exams use 5 options for multiple choice questions (MCQs), although the literature suggests that 3 options are optimal. Previous studies on this topic have often been based on non-medical examinations, so we sought to analyse rarely selected, 'non-functional' distractors (NF-D) in high stakes medical examinations, and their detection by item authors as well as psychometric changes resulting from a reduction in the number of options. Methods Based on Swiss Federal MCQ examinations from 2005-2007, the frequency of NF-D (selected by <1% or <5% of the candidates) was calculated. Distractors that were chosen the least or second least were identified and candidates who chose them were allocated to the remaining options using two extreme assumptions about their hypothetical behaviour: In case rarely selected distractors were eliminated, candidates could randomly choose another option - or purposively choose the correct answer, from which they had originally been distracted. In a second step, 37 experts were asked to mark the least plausible options. The consequences of a reduction from 4 to 3 or 2 distractors - based on item statistics or on the experts' ratings - with respect to difficulty, discrimination and reliability were modelled. Results About 70% of the 5-option-items had at least 1 NF-D selected by <1% of the candidates (97% for NF-Ds selected by <5%). Only a reduction to 2 distractors and assuming that candidates would switch to the correct answer in the absence of a 'non-functional' distractor led to relevant differences in reliability and difficulty (and to a lesser degree discrimination). The experts' ratings resulted in slightly greater changes compared to the statistical approach. Conclusions Based on item statistics and/or an expert panel's recommendation, the choice of a varying number of 3-4 (or partly 2) plausible distractors could be performed without marked deteriorations in psychometric characteristics.

Civic Discipline: Geography in America, 1860-1890

Civic Discipline argues that the story of the origins of American geography is a distinctly "New York story." Wealthy businessmen began America's first geographical society - the American Geographical Society - in 1851, inspired by what geographical knowledge of the globe could offer an expanding American commercial Empire at home and abroad. AGS meetings were spectacularly popular among the public and press. At them, geography was cast as a science in the service of the public and civic good. Meanwhile though, AGS men's spatial and financial "missions" became closely linked. They helped improve derelict spaces in New York City and weighed in on controversial scientific questions of the day in the Arctic, yet the geographical knowledge they advanced - such as in the American West and in Central Africa - also created enormous personal wealth. Civic Discipline shows that it was not just that historical events shaped geography, but rather, that geography shaped historical events.

New Sites, New Challenges? Ethical and Methodological Questions in the Context of Research on Migration Exclusion

The challenges of research ethics and methodologies have been reflected on extensively, but – aside from the context of feminist methodologies – less so in relation to research on particular migration sites such as in transit, detention centres, at the borders or within migration administration. First attempts in this direction have been made (Düvell et al. 2010, Fresia et al. 2005, Riedner 2014, van Liempt/Bilger2009), however, more reflection and theorization is needed, considering the contested nature of these temporal and volatile sites. In this workshop, we thus aim at examining methodological as well as ethical questions that arise during field work: We attempt to reflect the power relations involved in the research process, the ethics of research design, the dissemination of research results, the question of gaining access to and – whenever necessary – staying in contact with our research subjects. How can we negotiate informed consent with subjects whose life is currently marked by transit and insecurity concerning their own future, and who are in an uncertain situation in which substantial information (legal, social, cultural etc.) is likely to be missing? How do we deal with the dilemma of possibly contributing to knowledge production that might facilitate removals and deportations in the future, considering that the reception of the results is not in the hands of the researchers? How do we deal with the anticipated as well as unexpected impacts of our research on social and political practice? Regarding fieldwork in state institutions, how do we negotiate the multiple loyalties we often find ourselves faced with as social researchers, both with the excluded migrants and with the authorities implementing the exclusions – two groupings considered to be opposite to each other (Lavanchy 2013)? Which different roles do researchers need to take on? The aim of our workshop is first and foremost to exchange experiences on fieldwork with others doing qualitative research on related topics and to consider its possible implications – including affective dimensions – for all participants involved in the research process: the migrants, the security staff of detention centres, its social workers, border police and bureaucrats and, last but not least, the researchers themselves. Furthermore, we generally wish to reflect upon the question of how best to conduct research in this contested field, applying an interdisciplinary perspective.

Special report on examinations; appendix to report (1897) of the minister of education.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report on the geological survey of the State of Iowa, to the Thirteenth General Assembly, January, 1870, containing results of examinations and observations made within the years 1866, 1867, 1868, and 1869.

Photocopy. Iowa City, Iowa, University of Iowa Libraries, 1980.