903 resultados para General Systems Theory


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Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

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Esta pesquisa surgiu pela necessidade de conhecimento acerca do trabalho realizado no processo de avaliação interna de instituições federais de ensino superior. Este tipo de trabalho vem sendo realizado desde a década de 1990, por meio de várias políticas públicas traduzidas em programas que pudessem avaliar a qualidade da educação superior devido ao aumento no quantitativo de instituições de ensino superior, tanto públicas quanto privadas. Desta forma, hoje, não mais se discute a implementação de um processo avaliativo, mas a forma que deve ser trabalhado nas instituições de ensino superior. A política mais atual nesta temática se traduz no sistema nacional de avaliação da educação superior (SINAES), instituído pela Lei 10.861/2004, o qual tornou obrigatória, dentre outras, a autoavaliação institucional, a ser realizada pela Comissão Própria de Avaliação (CPA), também de caráter obrigatória, constante no Art. 11º da lei do SINAES. Este estudo faz parte do questionamento acerca do trabalho da CPA, de modo que a sua constituição, sua localização na estrutura organizacional e a metodologia utilizada pela CPA poderiam influenciar no resultado final, que é o relatório de autoavaliação institucional, utilizado pelo sistema e-MEC e pelas comissões de avaliação externas. O objetivo foi analisar as CPAs de três instituições federais de ensino superior, escolhidas por sua experiência na temática, quanto: à composição, tanto no quantitativo quanto na categoria de seus membros; à localização da CPA na estrutura organizacional, de modo a verificar seu grau de autonomia; e à metodologia utilizada pelas CPAs na condução do processo avaliativo. Partiu-se do pressuposto que essas variáveis, quando aplicadas em cada instituição, poderiam levar a formas de trabalho e resultados diferenciados. Para tanto, optou-se por um Estudo de Caso, com predominância na pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando: pesquisa bibliográfica, com autores da teoria geral dos sistemas e avaliação; pesquisa documental; e entrevistas junto aos presidentes das CPAs das instituições analisadas. Chegou-se à conclusão que, embora os resultados possam ser diferentes em termos de qualidade dos relatórios, problemas em relação à autonomia, hierarquia e ao reconhecimento da CPA frente aos outros órgãos da administração superior, à relação avaliação e planejamento e à instituição de uma cultura de avaliação são observados nas três instituições estudadas.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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In the last 60 years, many Brazilian cities practically doubled their population contingent. As a result of this process, there was an increase on the occupation level on unstable areas, from a physical point of view, and on the anthropogenic interventions at the natural ambient, reorganizing the existent process and forms. Thus, this work shows the results of the analysis of geomorphological changes deriving from urbanization processes at the Lavapés Stream watershed, located at Rio Claro county (SP). The goal of this work was reached by means of historical-evolutionary geomorphological cartography. To achieve this result, it had been prepared geomorphological and land usage charts for the years of 1962, 1988 and 2010, and a declivity chart. Those scenarios have been analyzed from the point of view of the General Systems Theory. The results were attached into an urban use restrictions chart, which allowed identifying the areas that should not be occupied, by geomorphological view and by environmental law restrictions

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The assessment of land use dynamic can be an instrument for analysis in anthropogeomorphology, which would allow one to verify the human geomorphological actions and its various implications in changing the original morphology for the creation of a human morphology. This study aimed to consider the land use dynamics and its interference in the morphology of Cavalheiro Stream Basin. From this assessment, to understand the implications of land use in the creation of a human morphology, as well as to analyze if the current use is in accordance with the legal restrictions placed by ongoing environmental legislation and with the ability to land use. The chosen of this studied area was due to assumptions raised by Pinton (2007) for changes in the dynamic of rainwater erosion of this area caused by human actions, specially the cultivation of sugar cane in morphologies that are unfit for it. The search took as methodological support the principles that concern the General Systems Theory, trying to see the watershed as an open system. The geomorphological data, of land use and of legal restrictions to the use and occupation of land, were collected from different cartographic techniques. Besides, it was developed a sketch map of land use capacity by adapting the technique proposed by Lepsch (1983). This way, the data obtained in this survey are considered capable to provide subsidies for the identification of changes in original morphology of the Cavalheiro Stream Basin and the genesis of a human morphology, as well as conflicts and adjustments of current land use in environmental system and on the legal restrictions outlined in the ongoing environmental legislation, contributing to a proper environmental planning with the characteristics of the physical environmental system of this basin

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Fundamentals of Theoretical Ecology and the principles governing ecosystems are discussed in relation to the anthropological concept of culture. These principles have been formed along with the development of Ecology and the advancement of other sciences not necessarily biologically based, such as Mathematics and Physics. A deeper understanding of Ecology in interdisciplinary projects is important because it is both a holistic Science, encompassing several disciplines of the field of knowledge, as a Science, whose principles can be applied to any other science. Its origin and evolution differ from modern sciences that emerged from Renaissance, because, taking place at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, developing itself along with the theories of systemic thinking at the beginning of this century, Ecology inspired this new thinking, culminating with the emergence of General Systems Theory in search of a "transdisciplinar" unification proposed by today's New Science. By applying the System Theory to the analysis of the behaviors of the individual and of the group, it is possible to approach the Agrarian Reform in a more comprehensive way.

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Mining activities are directly related to changes in natural landscapes. With the objective of analyzing the changes imposed by the geomorphological dynamics of human action in areas of mining clay, two fragments were selected from the basin of Ribeirão Santa Gertrudes / SP, representing denudational and sedimentation processes respectively. This area is within the context of the Ceramic Pole Santa Gertrudes / SP, which besides its importance as a supplier of raw material, is characterized as the largest center of international reference in ceramic tiles on the American continent. Data was collected and analyzed from the perspective of anthropogenic geomorphology supported by general systems theory and uses techniques from evolutionary geomorphological mapping. Thus, geomorphological mapping were produced concerning three scenarios, which date from 1962, 1988 and 2006 in a scale of 1:10.000. These surveys allowed us to infer a detailed investigation of the evolution of changes in topography and hydrology, geomorphology representative of the original (1962), which has characteristics of an earlier phase of earlier existing large mining pits, and its evolution to a anthropogenic geomorphological stage, represented by active disruption scenarios dating from 1988 and 2006. The last two scenarios have analyzed changes in the dimensions of relief features when compared with the original scenario representative of geomorphology, as well as an intense reallocation of surface and subsurface materials, in which human action is highlighted by becoming responsible for sculpting the landscape through the imposition of control mechanisms to natural processes.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)