Educación a distancia: una experiencia para el ingreso en la FRBB

La sociedad plantea una variedad de demandas de educación dependiendo de su situación y circunstancias particulares. La educación a distancia representa una realidad mundial en constante crecimiento cuantitativo y cualitativo potenciada últimamente con nuevos medios de comunicación.

Progressive lung cancer determined by expression profiling and transcriptional regulation

Clinically, our ability to predict disease outcome for patients with early stage lung cancer is currently poor. To address this issue, tumour specimens were collected at surgery from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients as part of the European Early Lung Cancer (EUELC) consortium. The patients were followed-up for three years post-surgery and patients who suffered progressive disease (PD, tumour recurrence, metastasis or a second primary) or remained disease-free (DF) during follow-up were identified. RNA from both tumour and adjacent-normal lung tissue was extracted from patients and subjected to microarray expression profiling. These samples included 36 adenocarcinomas and 23 squamous cell carcinomas from both PD and DF patients. The microarray data was subject to a series of systematic bioinformatics analyses at gene, network and transcription factor levels. The focus of these analyses was 2-fold: firstly to determine whether there were specific biomarkers capable of differentiating between PD and DF patients, and secondly, to identify molecular networks which may contribute to the progressive tumour phenotype. The experimental design and analyses performed permitted the clear differentiation between PD and DF patients using a set of biomarkers implicated in neuroendocrine signalling and allowed the inference of a set of transcription factors whose activity may differ according to disease outcome. Potential links between the biomarkers, the transcription factors and the genes p21/CDKN1A and Myc, which have previously been implicated in NSCLC development, were revealed by a combination of pathway analysis and microarray meta-analysis. These findings suggest that neuroendocrine-related genes, potentially driven through p21/CDKN1A and Myc, are closely linked to whether or not a NSCLC patient will have poor clinical outcome.

Pellino3 ubiquitinates RIP2 and mediates Nod2-induced signaling and protective effects in colitis

Mutations that result in loss of function of Nod2, an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan, are associated with Crohn's disease. Here we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino3 was an important mediator in the Nod2 signaling pathway. Pellino3-deficient mice had less induction of cytokines after engagement of Nod2 and had exacerbated disease in various experimental models of colitis. Furthermore, expression of Pellino3 was lower in the colons of patients with Crohn's disease. Pellino3 directly bound to the kinase RIP2 and catalyzed its ubiquitination. Loss of Pellino3 led to attenuation of Nod2-induced ubiquitination of RIP2 and less activation of the transcription factor NF-?B and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Our findings identify RIP2 as a substrate for Pellino3 and Pellino3 as an important mediator in the Nod2 pathway and regulator of intestinal inflammation. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

A multi-proxy chronological reconstruction of palaeosalinity in the eastern Limfjord, Denmark

The Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark is home to the Limfjord, one of the largest estuarine bodies of water in the region. Human inhabitance of the Limfjord’s surrounding coastlines stretches back further than 7,800 cal BP, with anthropogenic influence on the landscape beginning approximately 6,000 cal BP. Understanding how the Limfjord as a system has changed throughout time is useful in comprehending subsistence patterns and anthropogenic influence. This research is part of a larger project aimed at discerning subsistence patterns and environmental change in the region. Following the Younger Dryas, as the Fennoscandian ice sheet began to melt, Denmark experienced isostatic rebound, which contributed to the complex sea level history in the region. Between ice melt and isostatic rebound, the Jutland peninsula experienced many transgression and regression events. Connections to surrounding seas have shifted throughout time, with most attention focused on the western connection of the Limfjord with the North Sea, which has experienced numerous closures and subsequent re-openings throughout the Holocene. Furthermore, the Limfjord-North Sea connection has been the focal point of research because of the west to east water flow in the system, and the present day higher salinity in the west compared to the east. Little to no consideration has been paid to the influence of the Kattegat and Baltic on the Limfjord until now. A 10m sediment core was taken from Sebbersund (near Nibe, Limfjord), along the connection between the Limfjord and the Kattegat in the east to understand how the eastern part of the system has changed and differed from changes observed in the west. The Sebbersund sequence spans a majority of the Holocene, from 9600 cal BP to 1030 cal BP, determined via radiocarbon dating of terrestrial macrofossils and bulk sediment. Over this time period palaeoenvironmental conditions were reconstructed through the use of geochemical analyses (13C, 15N, C:N), physical sediment analyses, dinoflagellate cyst abundances and molluscan analyses. apart from two instances of low salinity, one at the top and one at the bottom of the core, the sequence has a strong marine signal for a majority of the Holocene. Radiocarbon dating of bulk sediment samples showed the presence of old carbon in the system, creating an age offset between 1,300 ± 200 and 2,800 ± 200 calibrated 14C years compared to the age-depth curve based on the terrestrial macrofossils. This finding, along with the strong marine influence in the system, discerned through geochemical data, dinoflagellate cyst and mollusc counts, is important for obtaining accurate radiocarbon ages in the region and stresses the importance of understanding both the marine and freshwater reservoir effects. The marine dominance in the eastern Limfjord differs from the west, which is characterized by a number of freshwater events when the North Sea connection was closed off during the Holocene. The eastern connection was open to the Kattegat throughout a large portion of the Holocene, with influx of open ocean water entering the system during periods of higher sea level.

EU Social and Labour Rights and EU Internal Market Law: Study for the EMPL Committee

EU Social and Labour Rights have developed incrementally, originally through a set of legislative initiatives creating selective employment rights, followed by a non-binding Charter of Social Rights. Only in 2009, social and labour rights became legally binding through the Charter of Fundamental Rights for the European Union (CFREU). By contrast, the EU Internal Market - an area without frontiers where goods, persons, services and capital can circulate freely – has been enshrined in legally enforceable Treaty provisions from 1958. These comprise the economic freedoms guaranteeing said free circulation and a system ensuring that competition is not distorted within the Internal Market (Protocol 27 to the Treaty of Lisbon). Tensions between Internal Market law and social and labour rights have been observed in analyses of EU case law and legislation. This study explores responses by socio-economic and political actors at national and EU levels to such tensions, focusing on collective labour rights, rights to fair working conditions and rights to social security and social assistance (Articles 12, 28, 31, 34 Charter of Fundamental Rights for the European Union). On the basis of the current Treaties and the CFREU, the constitutionally conditioned Internal Market emerges as a way to overcome the perception that social and labour rights limit Internal Market law, or vice versa. On this basis, alternative responses to perceived tensions are proposed, focused on posting of workers, furthering fair employment conditions through public procurement and enabling effective collective bargaining and industrial action in the Internal Market.

Protective role of glycerol against benzene stress: insights from the Pseudomonas putida proteome

Chemical activities of hydrophobic substances can determine the windows of environmental conditions over which microbial systems function and the metabolic inhibition of microorganisms by benzene and other hydrophobes can, paradoxically, be reduced by compounds that protect against cellular water stress (Bhaganna et al. in Microb Biotechnol 3:701-716, 2010; Cray et al. in Curr Opin Biotechnol 33:228-259, 2015a). We hypothesized that this protective effect operates at the macromolecule structure-function level and is facilitated, in part at least, by genome-mediated adaptations. Based on proteome profiling of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida, we present evidence that (1) benzene induces a chaotrope-stress response, whereas (2) cells cultured in media supplemented with benzene plus glycerol were protected against chaotrope stress. Chaotrope-stress response proteins, such as those involved in lipid and compatible-solute metabolism and removal of reactive oxygen species, were increased by up to 15-fold in benzene-stressed cells relative to those of control cultures (no benzene added). By contrast, cells grown in the presence of benzene + glycerol, even though the latter grew more slowly, exhibited only a weak chaotrope-stress response. These findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that hydrophobic substances induce a chaotropicity-mediated water stress, that cells respond via genome-mediated adaptations, and that glycerol protects the cell's macromolecular systems. We discuss the possibility of using compatible solutes to mitigate hydrocarbon-induced stresses in lignocellulosic biofuel fermentations and for industrial and environmental applications.

Entity Linking for Web Search Queries

We consider the problem of linking web search queries to entities from a knowledge base such as Wikipedia. Such linking enables converting a user’s web search session to a footprint in the knowledge base that could be used to enrich the user profile. Traditional methods for entity linking have been directed towards finding entity mentions in text documents such as news reports, each of which are possibly linked to multiple entities enabling the usage of measures like entity set coherence. Since web search queries are very small text fragments, such criteria that rely on existence of a multitude of mentions do not work too well on them. We propose a three-phase method for linking web search queries to wikipedia entities. The first phase does IR-style scoring of entities against the search query to narrow down to a subset of entities that are expanded using hyperlink information in the second phase to a larger set. Lastly, we use a graph traversal approach to identify the top entities to link the query to. Through an empirical evaluation on real-world web search queries, we illustrate that our methods significantly enhance the linking accuracy over state-of-the-art methods.

Human-directed gazing behaviour in puppies and adult dogs, Canis lupus familiaris

Recent evidence indicates that dogs' sociocognitive abilities and behaviour in a test situation are shaped by both genetic factors and life experiences. We used the 'unsolvable task' paradigm to investigate the effect of breed and age/experience on the use of human-directed gazing behaviour. Following a genetic classification based on recent genome analyses, dogs were allocated to three breed groups, namely Primitive, Hunting/Herding and Molossoid. Furthermore, we tested dogs at 2 months, 4.5. months and as adults. The test consisted of three solvable trials in which dogs could obtain food by manipulating a plastic container followed by an unsolvable trial in which obtaining the food became impossible. The dogs' behaviour towards the apparatus and the people present was analysed. At 2 months no breed group differences emerged and although human-directed gazing behaviour was observed in approximately half of the pups, it occurred for brief periods, suggesting that the aptitude to use human-directed gazing as a request for obtaining help probably develops at a later date when dogs have had more experience with human communication. Breed group differences, however, did emerge strongly in adult dogs and, although less pronounced, also in 4.5-month-old subjects, with dogs in the Hunting/Herding group showing significantly more human-directed gazing behaviour than dogs in the other two breed groups. These results suggest that, although the domestication process may have shaped the dog's human-directed communicative abilities, the later selection for specific types of work might also have had a significant impact on their emergence. © 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Characterisation of physiological conditions and evaluation of well-being in two species of bivalve molluscs (Ruditapes philippinarum and Chamelea gallina) intensively exploited in coastal and lagoon areas of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy)

Tese de Doutoramento, Ecologia, Especialidade de Ecofisiologia, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Effects of mixture of nanoparticles under different salinity in the clams Ruditapes philippinarum and Ruditapes decussatus

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidadde do Algarve, 2015

EMMON: a WSN system architecture for large scale and dense real-time embedded monitoring

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted growing interest in the last decade as an infrastructure to support a diversity of ubiquitous computing and cyber-physical systems. However, most research work has focused on protocols or on specific applications. As a result, there remains a clear lack of effective, feasible and usable system architectures that address both functional and non-functional requirements in an integrated fashion. In this paper, we outline the EMMON system architecture for large-scale, dense, real-time embedded monitoring. EMMON provides a hierarchical communication architecture together with integrated middleware and command and control software. It has been designed to use standard commercially-available technologies, while maintaining as much flexibility as possible to meet specific applications requirements. The EMMON architecture has been validated through extensive simulation and experimental evaluation, including a 300+ node test-bed, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest single-site WSN test-bed in Europe to date.

Recueil de lettres originales et d'une copie de pièce indiquée comme telle dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « duc de Nemoux,... A Angers, le XXVIIe jour de janvier 1570 » ; 2 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS [duc D'ALENÇON]... à madame... de Ferrare,... A Paris, le XIXme janvier 1570 » ; 3 Lettre de « JAQUES DE SAVOYE [duc DE NEMOURS]... à madame [Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare]... Du Boys de Vincennes, ce IIIe fevrier 1570 » ; 4 Lettre de « LEONOR D'ORLEANS [duc DE LONGUEVILLE]... à monseigneur... le duc de Nemoux,... De Gaillon, ce VIIIme jour de fevrier 1570 » ; 5 Lettre d'« E[MMANUEL] PHILIBERT [duc DE SAVOIE]... à... monseigneur le duc de Genevoys et d'Annemours,... De Thurin, ce XIIIe de febvrier 1570 » ; 6 Lettre de « JAQUES DE SAVOYE [duc DE NEMOURS]... à madame [Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare]... De Vincennes, ce XXIIIe de fevrier 1570 » ; 7 Lettre de « MONTMORENCY,... à monsieur... le duc de Nemoux,... D'Angers, le XXIIIIme jour de febvrier 1570 » ; 8 Lettre, en italien, de « LUCRETIA DA ESTE,... a... madama di Ferrara, duchessa di Chiartres,... Di Ferrara, il primo di marzo LXX » ; 9 Lettre, en italien, de la « contessa DELLA MIRANDOLA,... all' illmo... duca di Nemours,... Della Mirandola, il primo di marzo 1570 » ; 10 Lettre de « CATERINE [DE MEDICIS]... à... madame de Nemours,... Du Plesi Masé, cet IIIme de mars 1570 » ; 11 Lettre, en italien, de la « contessa DELLA MIRANDOLA,... all' illmo... duca di Nemours,... Della Mirandola, il 3 di marzo 1570 » ; 12 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « duc de Nemours,... A Angers, le VIme jour de mars 1570 » ; 13 Lettre d'« ENTRAIGUES,... à monseigneur... le duc de Nemours,... A Marcossis, ce deuxme de mars 1570 » ; 14 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS [duc D'ALENÇON]... à... madame la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Paris, ce VIIme jour de mars 1570 » ; 15 Lettre de « CATERINE [DE MEDICIS]... à... monseigneur le duc de Nemoux,... D'Enger, cet VIme jour de mars 1570 » ; 16 « Coppie du pouvoir faict de par le roy pour le gouvernement de monseigneur le mareschal de Cossé » en Bretagne. « Donné à Angers, le dernier jour de janvier... mil cinq cens soixante dix » ; 17 Lettre de « JAQUES DE SAVOYE [duc DE NEMOURS]... à madame [Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare]... De Paris, ce VIIe de mars 1570 » ; 18 Lettre, en italien, de « HIPPOLITO, cardinale DI FERRARA,... a... madama la duchessa di Nemours,... Di Roma, alli 10 d'aprile 1570 » ; 19 Lettre du maréchal « DE COSSE » à « madame [de Nemours]... De Bloys, le seizme jour de mars 1570 » ; 20 Lettre de « NIGOLAS DE LORRAINE [comte DE VAUDEMONT]... à monsieur... le duc de Nemoux et de Genefvois,... De Nommeni, ce XXIII mars 1570 » ; 21 Lettre de « MONTMORENCY,... à monsieur... le duc de Nemoux,... D'Angiers, le dernier jour de mars 1570 » ; 22 Lettre d'« ANNE D'EST [duchesse DE NEMOURS]... à madame [Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare]... 1570 » ; 23 Lettre de « CLAUDE DE LORRAINE [duc D'AUMALE]... à monsieur... le duc de Nemours,... D'Ennet, le IIe jour d'avril 1570 » ; 24 Lettre du maréchal « DE COSSE,... à monsieur... le duc de Nemours,... D'Orleans, ce IIe avril 1570 » ; 25 Lettre, en italien, de « GUIDO UBALDO DE PUTTI,... al... signor Francesco Putti,... D'il Passetto, a di II de appril 1570 » ; 26 Lettre du maréchal « DE COSSE,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... D'Orleans, ce Ve apvril 1570 » ; 27 Lettre d'« ANNE D'EST,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Paris, ce VIIIe avril 1570 » ; 28 Lettre de « HENRY », duc D'ANJOU, au « duc de Nemoux,... A Chasteaubriant, le XIIme jour d'avril 1570 » ; 29 Lettre, en italien, de « CHIARA LAMBERTI,... à... madama Renea di Francia,... Di Ferrara, ad 6 maggio 1570 » ; 30 Lettre, en italien, de « BARRARA, duchessa DI FERRARA,... a madama di Ferrara, duchessa di Chiartres,... Di Ferrara, a XI di maggio del LXX » ; 31 Minute de lettre de « RENEE DE FRANCE,... à ma fille, madame la duchesse de Nemours,... De Montargis, ce XVIe jour de may 1570 » ; 32 Lettre du maréchal « DE COSSE,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... Du camp de Gien, ce XXIme jour de may 1570 » ; 33 Lettre de « CATERINE [DE MEDICIS]... à... madame de Nemours,... D'Argenten, cet XXme jour de jouyn 1570 » ; 34 Lettre, en italien, de « LEONORA DI ESTE,... a... madama di Ferrara,... Di Ferrara, il XXIX giugno nel LXX » ; 35 Lettre d'« E[MMANUEL] PHILIBERT [duc DE SAVOIE]... à madame la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Thurin, ce dernier d'aoust 1570 » ; 36 Lettre de « GATERINE [DE MEDICIS]... à... madame de Nemoux,... De Mouseaulx, cet XIIIme de settembre 1570 » ; 37 Lettre, en italien de « fratre AUGUSTINO rig°... » à « madama di Ferrara,... duchessa di Chiartres,... Di Ferrara, ai XXVIII di settembre M.D.LXX » ; 38 Lettre, en italien, du « duca D'URBINO [GUI-URALD II]... a... madama Renea [di Francia], duchessa di Ferrara,... Dell' Imperiale, il di VIII di ottobre del LXX » ; 39 Lettre, en italien, de « LUIGI, cardinale D'ESTE,... a... madama di Ferrara,... Di Ferrara, a XI d'ottobre del LXX » ; 40 Lettre de la reine « MARIE [STUART]... à... monseigneur le duc de Nemours,... A Chatysworth, le dernier jour d'octobre 1570 » ; 41 Lettre d'« E[MMANUEL] PHILIBERT [duc DE SAVOIE]... à... monsieur le duc de Genevoys et de Nemours,... De Thurin, le 28 novembre 1570 » ; 42 « Double de la minute des lettres de jussion » du roi CHARLES IX pour le payement des pensions de Renée de France, douairière de Ferrare, 1570 ; 43 Lettre, en italien, des « antiani e gonfalonier di giustizia della republica di Lucca... all' illme... duca di Nemors,... Del nostro palazzo, il di XIIII di decembre M.D.LXX » ; 44 Lettre de « CORNELIA CARACCIOLA,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Chasteauneuf, ce 21 jour de decembre 1570 » ; 45 Lettre des « generaulx des vivres, SERRES » et « LILENDOUZE » à « madame la duchesse de Ferrare,... A Orleans, le XIme avril 1570 » ; 46 Lettre, en italien, de « LUIGI, cardinale D'ESTE,... all' illme... duca di Nemours,... Di Ferrara, l'ultimo di giugno del LXX » ; 47 Lettre, en italien, de « FRANCESCHINO DAL GONDENO,... a... madama la duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Ferrara, a II di luglio M.D.LXX » ; 48 Lettre, en italien, de « ALFONSO D'ESTE,... a... madama di Ferrara,... Di Ferrara, il di III luglio nel LXX » ; 49 Lettre de « HENRY [duc D'ANJOU]... à... madame la duchesse de Ferrare,... A Gaillon, le VIe jour de juillet 1570 » ; 50 Lettre d'« ENTRAIGUES,... à madame [Renée de France, duchessè de Ferrare]... De Gyen, se XIIIe juillet 1570 » ; 51 Lettre du maréchal « A[RTUS] DE COSSE,... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... Du camp de Villeneuve le Roy, le XVme de juillet 1570 » ; 52 Minute de lettre, sans signature ni adresse, sur la conclusion de la paix entre le roi Charles IX et « ceulx de la religion... De Montargis, ce IIe aoust 1570 » ; 53 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « duc de Nemoux,... A St Germain en Laye, le IIIe jour de aoust 1570 » ; 54 Lettre du roi « CHARLES [IX]... à monseigneur le president de Metz... A St Germain en Laye, le XIIIIe jour de aoust 1570 »

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales.

Contient : 1 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS [Ier]... à monseigneur de Prie,... Escript à Sainct Germain en Laye, le XXVIe jour de mars » ; 2 Lettre des « gens du parlement de Daulphiné... au roy... Escript à Grenoble, ce XVIme jour de juillet » ; 3 Lettre, en italien, de « GALEOTTO PICO,... [comte DE LA] MIRANDOLLE,... à monsor... de Vigliandri,... Della Mirandola, a II di luglio di [M.D.]XXXVI » ; 4 Lettre de « M. DE MORETTE,... au roy... Escript à Marceille » ; 5 Lettre de « POMPONIO TRIVULTIO,... au roy [François Ier]... Escript à Lyon, le XIIIme jour d'aoust... 1528 » ; 6 Lettre de « RENZO DE CERE,... au roy [François Ier]... De Barlecte, ce XXme jour de febvrier... 1528 » ; 7 Lettre de « M. le commandeur MORETTE,... au roy [François Ier]... A Savonne, le IXe jour d'aoust » ; 8 Lettre de LOUIS DE « BREZE,... grant seneschal... au roy... Escript à Evreux, ce VIme jour de novembre » ; 9 Lettre de M. « DE MORETTE,... au roy... A Savonne, le XXVe jour d'aoust » ; 10 « Memoria por monsor DE VAULX ». En français et en italien ; 11 Lettre de M. « DE MORETTE,... au roy... De Savonne, le XXVme jour d'aoust » ; 12 Lettre de « GLAUDE DURRE,... [Sr] DU PUY,... au roy... Escript en la bastide du Sr de Septemes, pres Marseille, ce XXIIme jour de juing » ; 13 Lettre, en italien, de « GALEATIO VESCONTE,... al christianissimo re [François Ier]... A li VI de ottobre 1528 » ; 14 Lettre, en italien, de « GALEATIO VESCONTE,... allo illustrissimo... gran maestro di Franza... Da Lyone, alli VII di decembre » ; 15 « Extraict abregé des payemens faictz aux bendes de lansquenetz du duc de Virtenberg, pour le moys de juillet mil V.C.XXXVII » ; 16 Lettre, en italien, de « FRANCESCO PETRUCCI,... allo illustrissimo... el Sor conte Alberto de Carpi,... Di Firenze, ad di primo di marzo M.D.XXVIIII » ; 17 Lettre de M. « DE MORETTE,... au roy... A Savonne, le XXIXe jour d'aoust » ; 18 Lettre de GEORGES « DE SELVE, evesque de Lavaur... à monseigneur... de Villandry, secretaire des commandemens du roy et de ses finances... De Venise, ce XVme de juillet 1534 » ; 19 Lettre de M. « DE MORETTE,... au roy » ; 20 Lettre de « CASTILLON,... au roy [François Ier]... D'Alexandrie, se dernier jour de mars... 1528 » ; 21 Lettre de « GASPAR SORMANO,... à monseigneur... le grant maistre... De Ferrare, le XVIIe jour de septambre » ; 22 Lettre de JEAN DE LANGEAG, « evesque d'Avranches,... à monseigneur... de Villandry,... Escript à Venise, le XIIIe d'octobre... 1528 » ; 23 Lettre de « POMPONIO TRIVULTIO,... au roy [François Ier]... Escript à Lyon, le XIIIIme jour de febvrier... mil V.C.XXVIII » ; 24 « Memoire de ce que demandent les personnaiges italyens qui sont en ceste court » ; 25 Lettre de JEAN DE LANGEAC, « evesque d'Avranches... à monseigneur... de Villandry, conseiller du roy, general de ses finances... Escript à Veronne, le XVIIIe mars... 1528 » ; 26 Dépêche, en latin, au roi François Ier, lui donnant des nouvelles d'Allemagne et de la guerre que soutenait l'empereur Charles-Quint contre les Turcs. « Die XXa octobris M.D.XXXII ». Copie ; 27 Dépêche, en italien, « a monsre de Vilandri,... Da Pavia, a li 6 di ottobre 1528 » ; 28 Lettre, en latin, de « JOANNES FINIRUS, cancellarius Hassie... à monseigneur de Langey,... Date Cassellis, 15 februarii anno [M.D.]XXXIII » ; 29 Lettre, en italien, de « LEONARD RUMBO,... ad monsignore de Villandri, secretario de finanza del re christianissimo... Da Venetia, a di 20 aprile 1529 » ; 30 Lettre des « consulz et deputez par le conseil de Marselle... au roy... De Marselle, ce VIIIe jour d'avril » ; 31 Lettre de « RENZO DE CERE,... à monseigneur l'evesque d'Avranches, ambassadeur pour le roy à Venise... De Barlecte, ce XXme jour de fevrier... mil V.C.XXVIII » ; 32 Lettre, en italien, de « LEONARD RUMBO,... al re christianissimo [François Ier]... De Cassale Savase, XX octobre 1530 » ; 33 Lettre, en italien, de « CAMILLO URSINO,... In Ascoli, ultimo ottobre 1528... Copia » ; 34 Lettre, en italien, des « camerarius et antepositi regie terre Amatricae... all' escellente monseigneur Visconte, ambassator del christianissimo re... Ex regia terra Amatrice, 28 octobre 1528... Copia » ; 35 Lettre, en italien, de « JO. VINCENTIO FRANCHO,... allo illustrissimo Sor... monsigr Visconte, ambasciator del christianissimo re... In La Matrice, a di 30 de octobre 1528... Copia » ; 36 Lettre de LAZARE « DE BAYF,... à monseigneur... de Villandry, conseiller et secretaire des commandemens du roy... De Haguene, ce VIIIe jour de juing ». 1540 ; 37 Lettre, en italien, de « MARAVELIA,... a monsre... de Vilandri, secretario del [re] christianissimo » ; 38 Lettre, en italien, « del Sre RENZO [DE CERE]. A l'Acquila, a li 19 de agosto ». Copie ; 39 Lettre, en italien, « del Sre RENZO [DE CERE]. A l'Acquila, alli 17 de agosto ». Copie ; 40 Lettre, en italien, de « JOACHIN [DE VAULX]... al illustrissimo... gran maestro de Francia... Da Londra, XVII mazo M.D.XXX » ; 41 Lettre de GEORGES « DE SELVE, e[vêque] de Lavaur... à monseigneur... de Villandry, secretaire des commandemens du roy et de ses finances... De Venise, ce XIIme de febvrier 1535 » ; 42 Lettre de GEORGES « DE SELVE, e[vêque] de Lavaur », à « monseigneur de Villandry, secretaire des commandemens du roy et de ses finances... De Venise, ce XVIe de may 1534 » ; 43 Lettre, en italien, de « JOACHIN... DE VAULX » au grand maître de France. « Da Roma, el XIII di novembre 1528 » ; 44 Lettre, en italien, de JEAN DE LANGEAC, « e[vêque] d'Avranches », et de « JOACHIN... DE VAULX », au roi François Ier. « Da Vinecia, el XII de maggio 1529 » ; 45 Lettre de « DANGERANT,... [Sr] DE BOZRIGAULT,... au roy [François Ier]... De Soleurre, le penultime fevrier... mil V.C.XXXIII » ; 46 Lettre, en italien, de « JANUS MARIA FREGOSO,... al crestianissimo re [François Ier]... Verone, die XVIII marcii 1529 » ; 47 Lettre, en italien, de « GALEAS VISCONTE,... al christianissimo re [François Ier]... Datum in campo, in la pieve de Loccate, a li XII de giugno M.D.XXIX » ; 48 « Extraict des registres du grand conseil du roy, du Ve jour de jung mil V.C.XXVIII », concernant « Pierre Bernier, huissier du conseil, detenu prisonnier en la conciergerie de Rouen » ; 49 Lettres patentes du roi « FRANÇOYS » Ier en faveur de « Loys de Breszé,... grant seneschal de Normandie ». Minute ; 50 Lettre, en italien, de « CAMILLO URSINO,... al escellente monseigneur Visconte, ambassator del christianissimo re... Data in Ascoli, alli 28 d'ottobre 1528... Copia » ; 51 Lettre, en italien, de « PIETRO SANCTA CROCE,... al molto escellente Sor il signr viconte di Torrena, ambassator del christianissimo [re]... Data in Spoleti, die ultimo octobris 1528... Copia » ; 52 Lettre, en italien, d'« el conte DE MONTORIO DE L'AQUILA,... allo illustrissimo Sr... monseigneur el vesconte de Tureno,... Spoleti, ultimo octobris 1528... Copia » ; 53 Lettre, en italien, de « JOANNE VICENZO FRANCO,... al illustrissimo Sr Jo. Franco de Aquila,... In La Matrice, a di 29 ottobre 1528... Copia » ; 54 Lettre, en italien, de « GREGORIO CASALE,... allo illustrissimo... mons. lo gran mastro di Francia... Di Roma, alli IIII di maggio M.D.XXIX » ; 55 Lettre, en italien, de « PAULO PORTO,... à monss... de Villandri,... Di Venetia, alli VIII di ottubrio M.D.XXIX » ; 56 Dépêche d'Italie, en italien. « Di Bologna, alli XXII marzo » ; 57 Lettre, en italien, de « LEONARD RUMBO,... al re christianissimo [François Ier]... De Casale, X novembre 1530 » ; 58 Lettre, en italien, de l'«episcopus Laudensis... al re cristianissimo [François Ier]... Murani, 19 junii 1529 » ; 59 « Responce faicte par le gouverneur de Savonne aux commissaires de Gennes sur la reddition dudict Savonne », acte en latin, signé : « MARCUS TULLIUS DE LAURENTIIS, notarius et cancellarius ». 4 août 1528 ; 60 « Aviso da Viterbo, alli 3 de agosto », envoyé par « POMPONIO » TRIVULCE ; 61 « Aviso da Florentia, de 5 de agosto », envoyé par « POMPONIO » TRIVULCE ; 62 Lettre, en italien, avec chiffre, de « GASPAR SORMANO,... al re [François Ier]... Da Ferrara, 22 marzo 1529 » ; 63 Lettre, en italien, avec chiffre, de GASPAR « SORMANO » et de « JOACHIN... DE VAULX » au roi François Ier. « Da Ferrara, penultimo de febraro M.D.XXVIIII » ; 64 Lettre, en italien, de JEAN DE LANGEAC, « e[vêque] d'Avranches », et de « JOACHIN... DE VAULX », au roi François Ier. « Da Vinecia, el VI di magio 1529 » ; 65 Lettre, en italien, avec chiffre, de « GASPAR SORMANO » et de JOACHIN « DE VAULX » au roi François Ier. « Da Ferrara, alli XXIII febraro M.D.XXVIIII » ; 66 Lettre, en italien, avec chiffre, de « GASPAR SORMANO » et de « JOACHIN » DE VAULX au roi François Ier. « Da Ferrara, alli 23 febraro 1529... Duplicata » ; 67 « Doppio de lettere scritte per mi GASPAR SORMANO al Sr duca d'Urbino » ; 68 « Copia de la lettera al Sr Rienzo,... Da Roma, IX de ottobre 1528 » ; 69 Lettre, en italien, de « GREGORIO CASALE,... allo illustrissimo... mons. lo gran mastro di Francia... In Bologna, alli XVIII di ottobre M.D.XXX » ; 70 « Coppie des lectres escriptes par monseigneur [LAZARE] DE BAYF au roy... De Venize, ce XVme juillet » ; 71 Lettres patentes du roi « FRANÇOYS » Ier, en faveur des marchands de Genes. « Donné à Fontainebleau... octobre mil V.C.XXVIII ». Minute ; 72 « Advertissemens touchant les affaires du royaulme de Napples ». Avril 1529. En italien ; 73 Extrait d'une lettre de Gênes du XI avril. En italien ; 74 « Copia d'una [lettera] del Sor GIOVANNE PAULO DA CERE, di X di maggio 1530. De Pisa, al abbate di Negro, commissario del papa in Lucca » ; 75 Notes sur les affaires d'Italie, en italien ; 76 Lettres patentes du roi « FRANÇOIS [Ier]... touchant les mortes payes de Picardye ». Minute

Anxiety-Related Disorders in Primary-Junior Grades (K-3): Teacher Perceptions and Knowledge

This study used a descriptive case study design to analyze teachers’ experiences of anxiety-related conditions and emotions in the primary-junior grades (K-3). The study sought to examine (a) educators’ perceptions of anxiety conditions and how such interpretations influence their teaching practice; (b) teachers’ knowledge of the diagnostic processes, symptomology, and emotions related to anxiety disorders; (c) primary teachers’ knowledge of and experience with emotional regulation strategies and therapeutic approaches for anxiety; and (d) additional strategies and knowledge that should be available to help students. The study adopted Bronfenbrenner’s (1986) Ecological Model to frame participants’ experiences and perspectives, as well as the impact of several factors (e.g., school, home) and individuals (e.g. teachers, parents, students) on students’ anxiety and the participants’ perspectives. Through in-person interviews, participants shared their experiences with and knowledge about students in their teaching practice who had experienced anxiety-related conditions and emotions. Four major themes emerged from the data: symptoms and situational contexts; knowledge of strategies and interventions; understanding and perspectives of students; anxious emotional responses; and challenges. The study contributes to the literature by providing the real-life perspectives and experiences of primary-junior teachers (K-3) related to students experiencing anxiety. The study provides further information for educators, administrators, and research regarding any additional support and knowledge that should be implemented to further assist educators and students in regards to anxiety.