854 resultados para GREENHOUSE GASES
Resumo:
As indústrias têm buscado constantemente reduzir gastos operacionais, visando o aumento do lucro e da competitividade. Para alcançar essa meta, são necessários, dentre outros fatores, o projeto e a implantação de novas ferramentas que permitam o acesso às informações relevantes do processo de forma precisa, eficiente e barata. Os sensores virtuais têm sido aplicados cada vez mais nas indústrias. Por ser flexível, ele pode ser adaptado a qualquer tipo de medição, promovendo uma redução de custos operacionais sem comprometer, e em alguns casos até melhorar, a qualidade da informação gerada. Como estão totalmente baseados em software, não estão sujeitos a danos físicos como os sensores reais, além de permitirem uma melhor adaptação a ambientes hostis e de difícil acesso. A razão do sucesso destes tipos de sensores é a utilização de técnicas de inteligência computacional, as quais têm sido usadas na modelagem de vários processos não lineares altamente complexos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estimar a qualidade da alumina fluoretada proveniente de uma Planta de Tratamento de Gases (PTG), a qual é resultado da adsorção de gases poluentes em alumina virgem, via sensor virtual. O modelo que emula o comportamento de um sensor de qualidade de alumina foi criado através da técnica de inteligência computacional conhecida como Rede Neural Artificial. As motivações deste trabalho consistem em: realizar simulações virtuais, sem comprometer o funcionamento da PTG; tomar decisões mais precisas e não baseada somente na experiência do operador; diagnosticar potenciais problemas, antes que esses interfiram na qualidade da alumina fluoretada; manter o funcionamento do forno de redução de alumínio dentro da normalidade, pois a produção de alumina de baixa qualidade afeta a reação de quebra da molécula que contém este metal. Os benefícios que este projeto trará consistem em: aumentar a eficiência da PTG, produzindo alumina fluoretada de alta qualidade e emitindo menos gases poluentes na atmosfera, além de aumentar o tempo de vida útil do forno de redução.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
This paper addresses the context of emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) from activities related to Coal, called fugitive emissions. The survey of factors, development, analysis, and suggestions for controlling emissions are conducted in order to reduce risks to the environment and people around it. The greenhouse gases absorb radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, and hinder their escape into space. This process is essential to terrestrial life. Increasing the concentration of those gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase in the terrestrial temperature. A selection of processes that emit gases and the study and development of calculations for measuring fugitive emissions applied in different sources from coal are performed. The greenhouse gases can be released from the extraction, processing, storage, and transportation of fossil fuels to the end consumer. Coal has 4 main fugitive factors: mining, post-mining, oxidation at low temperature, and uncontrolled combustion. The coal formation process produces methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), being the methane, the main greenhouse gas from the coal mining and handling. The types of activities and the weight of each in the issuing process are observed. It is also made comparisons between the countries with the highest emissions rates. Are evaluated what has been done and what is needed to decrease emissions, for example the use of gas as an alternative fuel for energy generation
Resumo:
The focus of this research study were gas exchange between soil and atmosphere of nitrous oxide (N2O) between different fertilization treatments Corn The research, conducted in the experimental field Dedelow - Brandenburg / Germany, analyzed three different fertilization treatments, aiming to quantify GHE emissions, to identify the influence of the residue of biogas in the release of these gases process in agricultural soils in search for a solution fertilization less harmful to the environment and the greenhouse effect , based on the comparison of three treatments: organic fertilization, mineral fertilization and no fertilization. It was found through the analysis of the measurements that the first was the one which issued N2O, showing that even though coming from the residue of biogas , when returned to the soil, it becomes harmful to the environment and global warming . The cultivation of energy crops can lower or raise the emissions of greenhouse gases, so it is necessary for further research on this question not only in Germany , where such research is in continuity, but also in Brazil, a pioneer in the introduction to his energy matrix of a biofuel produced from cane sugar
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Atmospheric concentrations of the three important greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4 and N2O are mediated by processes in the terrestrial biosphere that are sensitive to climate and CO2. This leads to feedbacks between climate and land and has contributed to the sharp rise in atmospheric GHG concentrations since pre-industrial times. Here, we apply a process-based model to reproduce the historical atmospheric N2O and CH4 budgets within their uncertainties and apply future scenarios for climate, land-use change and reactive nitrogen (Nr) inputs to investigate future GHG emissions and their feedbacks with climate in a consistent and comprehensive framework1. Results suggest that in a business-as-usual scenario, terrestrial N2O and CH4 emissions increase by 80 and 45%, respectively, and the land becomes a net source of C by AD 2100. N2O and CH4 feedbacks imply an additional warming of 0.4–0.5 °C by AD 2300; on top of 0.8–1.0 °C caused by terrestrial carbon cycle and Albedo feedbacks. The land biosphere represents an increasingly positive feedback to anthropogenic climate change and amplifies equilibrium climate sensitivity by 22–27%. Strong mitigation limits the increase of terrestrial GHG emissions and prevents the land biosphere from acting as an increasingly strong amplifier to anthropogenic climate change.
Resumo:
Pig’s slurry is a key source of greenhouse gases (GHG). In Spain, GHG emissions (CH4+ N2O) from pig slurry (storage and land application) accounted in 2011 for 18.4% of total GHG emissions (in CO2- equivalent) of the agriculture sector according to the National Inventory Report (NIR). Slurry composition can be modified through diet manipulation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different fibre types in fattening pigs’ diets on GHG emissions from pig slurry storage and field application.