Global biodiversity and the ancient carbon cycle

Paleontological data for the diversity of marine animals and land plants are shown to correlate significantly with a concurrent measure of stable carbon isotope fractionation for approximately the last 400 million years. The correlations can be deduced from the assumption that increasing plant diversity led to increasing chemical weathering of rocks and therefore an increasing flux of carbon from the atmosphere to rocks, and nutrients from the continents to the oceans. The CO2 concentration dependence of photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation then indicates that the diversification of land plants led to decreasing CO2 levels, while the diversification of marine animals derived from increasing nutrient availability. Under the explicit assumption that global biodiversity grows with global biomass, the conservation of carbon shows that the long-term fluctuations of CO2 levels were dominated by complementary changes in the biological and fluid reservoirs of carbon, while the much larger geological reservoir remained relatively constant in size. As a consequence, the paleontological record of biodiversity provides an indirect estimate of the fluctuations of ancient CO2 levels.

Citation Methodologies in Eusebius’ Historia ecclesiastica and Other Ancient Historiography

This dissertation examines ancient historiographic citation methodologies in light of Mikhail Bakhtin’s dichotomy between polyphony and monologization. In particular, this dissertation argues that Eusebius of Caesarea’s Historia ecclesiastica (HE) abandons the monologic citation methodology typical of previous Greek and Hellenistic historiography and introduces a polyphonic citation methodology that influences subsequent late-ancient Christian historiography to varying degrees. Whereas Pre-Eusebian Greek and Hellenistic historiographers typically use citations to support the single authorial consciousness of the historiographer, Eusebius uses citations to counterbalance his own shortcomings as a witness to past events. Eusebius allows his citations to retain their own voice, even when they conflict with his. The result is a narrative that transcends the point of view of any single individual and makes multiple witnesses, including the narrator, available to the reader. Post-Eusebian late-ancient Christian historiographers exhibit the influence of Eusebius’ innovation, but they are not as intentional as Eusebius in their use of citation methodologies. Many subsequent Christian historiographers use both monologic and polyphonic citation methodologies. Their tendency to follow Eusebius’ practice of citing numerous lengthy citations sometimes emphasizes points of view that oppose the author’s point of view. When an opposing viewpoint surfaces in enough citations, a polyphonic citation methodology emerges. The reader holds the two different narrative strands in tension as the author continues to give voice to opposing viewpoints. After illustrating the citation methodologies with passages from numerous Greek, Hellenistic, and late ancient Christian historiographers, this dissertation concludes with a short computational analysis that uses natural language processing to reveal some broad trends that highlight the previous findings and suggest a possibility for future research.

Marriage: its history and ceremonies; with a phrenological and physiological exposition. Of the functions and qualifications for happy marriages.

Mode of access: Internet.

Principles and government of the Christian Church : with official forms and ceremonies.

Mode of access: Internet.

Roman antiquities : or, an account of the manners and customs of the romans; ... Designed chiefly to illustrate the latin classies, by explaining words and phrases, from the rites and customs to which they refer /

Mode of access: Internet.

Roman antiquities; or, An account of the manners and customs of the Romans ... Designed chiefly to illustrate the Latin classics, by explaining words and phrases, from the rites and customs to which they refer.

Mode of access: Internet.

Palestine explored : with a view to its present natural features, and to the prevailing manners, customs, rites, and colloquial expressions of its people, which throw light on the figurative language of the Bible /

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

The Bible expositor : confirmations of the truth of the Holy Scriptures from the observations of recent travellers, illustrating the manners, customs, and places referred to in the Bible.

Presented by the Dr. Ari Kiev family to the I. Edward Kiev Judaica Collection.

Five hundred fugue subjects and answers : ancient and modern /

Mode of access: Internet.

Political fragments of Archytas, Charondas, Zaleucus, and other ancient Pythagoreans,

Mode of access: Internet.

Drill sergeant course : drill and ceremonies.

"Nov 80"--P. 1.

Curriculum for Naval Junior Reserve Office Training Corps (NJROTC), NSI-IV, drills, commands, and ceremonies.

"NAVEDTRA 38050."

The argvments upon the writ of habeas corpus, in the Court of Kings bench. Wherein, are learnedly discussed, not onely the severall branches of the said writ, but also many authorities as well of the common as statute law: and divers ancient and obscure records most amply and elaborately debated and cleared. Together, with the opinion of the court thereupon. Whereunto is annexed, the petition of Sir Iohn Elliot knight, in behalf of the liberty of the subject.

Arguments delivered November, 1627, in the cases of Sir Thomas Darnell, Sir John Corbet, Sir Walter Earle, Sir John Henningham or Heveningham, and Sir Edmund Hampden, imprisoned for having refused to subscribe to a forced loan.

Rabbinical literature: or, The traditions of the Jews, contained in their Talmud and other mystical writings. Likewise the opinions of that people concerning Messiah, and the time and manner of his appearing; with an appendix comprizing Buxtorf's account of the religious customs and ceremonies of that nation; also, A preliminary enquiry into the origin, progress, authority, and usefulness of these traditions; wherein the sense of the strange allegories in the Talmud and Jewish authors is explained.

The first edition of the German original was issued Frankfurt, 1700, under the title "Entdecktes judenthum", but was suppressed until after a second edition appeared at Königsberg, 1711. Editions of the translation, with preface by J.P. Stehelin, were issued 1732-34 and 1742 under title: The traditions of the Jews ...

Universal dictionary of weights and measures, ancient and modern : reduced to the standards of the United States of America /

"Weight and measure systems in the principal countries of the world": p. [127]-158.