Select statutes and other documents illustrative of the history of the United States 1861-1898;

Pub. in continuation of his Select charters and other documents illustrative of American history, 1606-1775 (New York, 1899) and Select documents illustrative of the history of the United States, 1776-1861 (New York, 1898)

Juniperus navicularis - a study of Portuguese population structure and fitness

Juniperus navicularis Gand. is a dioecious endemic conifer that constitutes the understory of seaside pine forests in Portugal, areas currently threatened by increasing urban expansion. The aim of this study is to assess the conservation status of previously known populations of this species located on its core area of distribution. The study was performed in south-west coast of Portugal. Three populations varying in size and pine density were analyzed. Number of individuals, population density, spatial distribution and individual characteristics of junipers were estimated. Female cone, seed characteristics and seed viability were also evaluated. Results suggest that J. navicularis populations are vulnerable because seminal recruitment is scarce, what may lead to a reduction of genetic variability due solely to vegetative propagation. This vulnerability seems to be strongly determined by climatic constraints toward increasing aridity. Ratio between male and female shrubs did not differ from 1:1 in any population. Deviations from 1:1 between mature and non-mature plants were found in all populations, denoting population ageing. Very low seed viability was observed. A major part of described Juniperus navicularis populations have disappeared through direct habitat loss to urban development, loss of fitness in drier and warmer locations and low seed viability. This study is the first to address J. navicularis conservation, and represents a valuable first step toward this species preservation. 

Disabled Revolutionary War Veterans and the Construction of Disability in the Early United States, c. 1776-1840

This thesis addresses the following broad research question: what did it mean to be a disabled Revolutionary War veteran in the early United States during the period from 1776 to roughly 1840? The study approaches the question from two angles: a state-centred one and an experiential one. In both cases, the theoretical framework employed comes from disability studies. Consequently, disability is regarded as a sociocultural phenomenon rather than a medical condition. The state-centred dimension of the study explores the meaning of disability and disabled veterans to the early American state through an examination of the major military pension laws of the period. An analysis of this legislation, particularly the invalid pension acts of 1793 and 1806, indicates that the early United States represents a key period in the development of the modern disability category. The experiential approach, in contrast, shifts the focus of attention away from the state towards the lived experiences of disabled veterans. It seeks to address the issue of whether or not the disabilities of disabled veterans had any significant material impact on their everyday lives. It does this through a comparison of the situation of 153 disabled veterans with that of an equivalent number of nondisabled veterans. The former group received invalid pensions while the latter did not. In comparing the material conditions of disabled and nondisabled veterans, a wide range of primary sources from military records to memoirs and letters are used. The most important sources in this regard are the pension application papers submitted by veterans in the early nineteenth century. These provide us with a unique insight into the everyday lives of veterans. Looking at the issue of experience through the window of the pension files reveals that there was not much difference in the broad contours of disabled and nondisabled veteran life. This finding has implications for the theorisation of disability that are highlighted and discussed in the thesis. The main themes covered in this study are: the wartime experiences of injured American soldiers, the military pension establishment of the early United States and the legal construction of disability, and the post-war working and family lives of disabled veterans. Keywords: disability, early America, veterans, military pensions, disabled people, Revolutionary War, United States, disability theory.

Letter from Moses Levy regarding New York congregation's agreement to pay half cost for return of Reverend H. H. Samuel Cohen

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Edmund Burke e os Direitos Naturais

O presente trabalho pretende tratar do problema da crítica à ideia de estado de natureza e de direitos naturais realizada por Edmund Burke. Procuraremos demonstrar como a crítica aos conceitos fundamentais que orientam a reflexão sobre a ordem social e política dos iluministas e dos autores sob sua influência percorre toda a obra de Burke, desde seu primeiro escrito político, Vindication on Natural Society até os últimos escritos contra a Revolução Francesa. Burke reconhece na classe pensante emergente, no racionalismo abstrato e universalista daquilo que ele chama de política "metafísica", o prenúncio da crise que se imporia sobre os conceitos que fundamentavam a ordem social e política existente. A partir de uma defesa das instituições e das tradições britânicas, concretizadas na Constituição e, especialmente, no Bill of Rights, Burke produz uma interpretação da política que utilizará a história para combater a filosofia política do direito natural.