Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island /

Statue of Liberty view is from ground level and Ellis Island views are oblique aerial views.

Women's Rights National Historical Park, Seneca Falls, New York /

Panel title.

Joseph P. Chamberlain Papers 1933-1951

Correspondence, memoranda, reports and printed matter relating to Chamberlain's work with the following organizations: American Christian Committee for Refugees; Fort Ontario Refugee Shelter, Oswego, N.Y.; German Jewish Children's Aid; Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees; National Coordinating Committee; National Refugee Service; President's Advisory Committee on Political Refugees; War Refugee Board. Topics include Chamberlain's involvement with individual cases, visas, sponsorship, German-Jewish scholars, Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees at Evian, Bermuda Conference, Capital Transfer Plan for German-Austrian Refugees. Of particular interest are the minutes of the President's Advisory Committee, 1938-1943. Materials on settlement projects relating to Alaska, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, British Guiana, California, China, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Venezuela. Correspondents include Dean Acheson, Paul Baerwald, Joseph Beck, Francis K. Biddle, Bernard Dubin, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Felix Frankfurter, Cordell Hull, James Houghteling, Joseph C. Hyman, Ruth Learned, James G. McDonald, Clarence E. Pickett, Leland Robinson, William Rosenwald, Joseph F. Rummel, E.J. Shaughnessy, Felix Warburg, George L. Warren.

A guide to monitoring reef fish in the National Park Service's South Florida/Caribbean Network

Reef fishes are conspicuous and essential components of coral reef ecosystems and economies of southern Florida and the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). Throughout Florida and the USVI, reef fish are under threat from a variety of anthropogenic and natural stressors including overfishing, habitat loss, and environmental changes. The South Florida/Caribbean Network (SFCN), a unit of the National Park Service (NPS), is charged with monitoring reef fishes, among other natural and cultural resources, within six parks in the South Florida - Caribbean region (Biscayne National Park, BISC; Buck Island Reef National Monument, BUIS; Dry Tortugas National Park, DRTO; Everglades National Park, EVER; Salt River Bay National Historic Park and Ecological Preserve, SARI; Virgin Islands National Park, VIIS). Monitoring data is intended for park managers who are and will continue to be asked to make decisions to balance environmental protection, fishery sustainability and park use by visitors. The range and complexity of the issues outlined above, and the need for NPS to invest in a strategy of monitoring, modeling, and management to ensure the sustainability of its precious assets, will require strategic investment in long-term, high-precision, multispecies reef fish data that increases inherent system knowledge and reduces uncertainty. The goal of this guide is to provide the framework for park managers and researchers to create or enhance a reef fish monitoring program within areas monitored by the SFCN. The framework is expected to be applicable to other areas as well, including the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. The favored approach is characterized by an iterative process of data collection, dataset integration, sampling design analysis, and population and community assessment that evaluates resource risks associated with management policies. Using this model, a monitoring program can adapt its survey methods to increase accuracy and precision of survey estimates as new information becomes available, and adapt to the evolving needs and broadening responsibilities of park management.

Benthic habitats of Fish Bay, Coral Bay and the St. Thomas East End Reserve

NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Biogeography Branch has mapped and characterized large portions of the coral reef ecosystems inside the U.S. coastal and territorial waters, including the U.S. Caribbean. The complementary protocols used in these efforts have enabled scientists and managers to quantitatively and qualitatively compare marine ecosystems in tropical U.S. waters. The Biogeography Branch used similar protocols to generate new benthic habitat maps for Fish Bay, Coral Bay and the St. Thomas East End Reserve (STEER). While this mapping effort marks the third time that some of these shallow-water habitats (≤40 m) have been mapped, it is the first time that nearly 100% of the seafloor has been characterized in each of these areas. It is also the first time that high resolution imagery describing seafloor depth has been collected in each of these areas. Consequently, these datasets provide new information describing the distribution of coral reef ecosystems and serve as a spatial baseline for monitoring change in the Fish Bay, Coral Bay and the STEER. Benthic habitat maps were developed for approximately 64.3 square kilometers of seafloor in and around Fish Bay, Coral Bay and the STEER. Twenty seven percent (17.5 square kilometers) of these habitat maps describe the seafloor inside the boundaries of the STEER, the Virgin Islands National Park and the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. The remaining 73% (46.8 square kilometers) describe the seafloor outside of these MPA boundaries. These habitat maps were developed using a combination of semi-automated and manual classification methods. Habitats were interpreted from aerial photographs and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) imagery. In total, 155 distinct combinations of habitat classes describing the geology and biology of the seafloor were identified from the source imagery.

An ecological correction to marine reserves boundaries in the US Virgin Islands

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important tools for management of marine ecosystems. While desired, ecological and biological criteria are not always feasible to consider when establishing protected areas. In 2001, the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICR) in St. John, US Virgin Islands was established by Executive Order. VICR boundaries were based on administrative determination of Territorial Sea boundaries and land ownership at the time of the Territorial Submerged Lands Act of 1974. VICR prohibits almost all fishing and other extractive uses. Surveys of habitat and fishes inside and outside of VICR were conducted in 2002-07. Based on these surveys, areas outside VICR had significantly more hard corals; greater habitat complexity; and greater richness, abundance and biomass of reef fishes than areas within VICR, further supporting results from 2002-2004 (Monaco et al., 2007). The administrative (political) process used to establish VICR did not allow a robust ecological characterization of the area to determine the boundaries of the MPA. Efforts are underway to increase amounts of complex reef habitat within VICR by swapping a part of VICR that has little coral reef habitat for a Territorially-owned area within VICR that contains a coral reef with higher coral cover.

Continentes y colonialismos: perspectivas sobre género y nación (Debates)

Este artículo explora los discursos del colonialismo y nacionalismo en países y períodos diferentes a través del prisma de género, para comprender las exigencias y supuestos, así como la contingencia y la contradicción que son inherentes a tales proyectos. Se basa en críticos que ofrecen la teoría poscolonial y feminista, en particular, las poderosas advertencias –postuladas a partir de matizados entendimientos de la cultura y el poder– acerca de cómo el género y la sexualidad modularon las formaciones de la Colonia y el imperio. Un enfoque particular en la representación cultural, por parte de las élites, de la nación en India y México, permite desmitificar a la nación y descubrir los lazos latentes pero fuertes que vinculan el pasado colonial con la nación nacional (¿poscolonial?).

Las remesas de los migrantes latinoamericanos y caribeños en los Estados Unidos

Incluye Bibliografía

Ecology, stable isotopes, and management of grassland songbirds at National Park Service properties on the Great Plains

Grassland ecosystems have been severely reduced and grassland bird populations have experienced consistent declines. National Park Service (NPS) properties on the Great Plains provide breeding habitat for grassland songbirds, though little is known about the quality of this habitat. A short-term study on songbirds at three NPS properties complemented current monitoring, providing an among park comparison addressing grassland bird productivity and fidelity relative to NPS property size. During 2008-2009, I assessed avian species richness, and estimated bird density and grassland songbird nest success. Bird species richness was greatest at small and medium sites, while number of nesting obligate species was greatest at the large site. Species-specific densities varied among sites, with few grassland obligates occurring at all three sites. Nest success estimates for grassland obligates were highest at the small site and lower at the large site. Another method to quantify habitat quality is assessment of breeding site fidelity. Current extrinsic markers used in monitoring site fidelity are inadequate for small birds; stable isotope analyses provide an alternative. I compared two techniques for assigning stable isotope tissue origin and measured grassland songbird site fidelity. My method of assigning origin provided site-specific variances of expected stable isotope values, an improvement over the most commonly used method. Fidelity tended to be higher at the large site, which may indicate a more robust breeding community of grassland birds. The small size of two of my sites precluded large sample sizes and made strong inferences difficult. To quantify how scientists cope with weak inference, I conducted a literature review. Strong inference was rarely observed, and most authors of weak-inference papers provided specific management recommendations. I suggest that adaptive management is an ideal method to resolve uncertainty from weak inference. Managers should consider my results within the context of regional and global management and the extent to which their unit might aide songbird conservation.

La mano invisible y la defensa nacional

En este artículo se analizará el pasaje de la mano invisible en Investigaciones sobre la naturaleza y causa de la riqueza de las naciones. Se mostrará que el resultado esperado por la acción de la mano invisible, la maximización del producto total anual, algunas veces es un obstáculo para la defensa de las naciones. Para comprender cabalmente este punto analizaremos previamente algunas cuestiones en relación con el pasaje de la mano invisible

Los alcances y limitaciones del proceso de militarización de los indios amigos de Buenos Aires (1862-1876)

El trabajo estudia la incorporación de los indios amigos de Buenos Aires al Ejército Nacional entre 1862 y 1876. Entendemos que esta práctica constituyó un intento de llevar a cabo un proceso de militarización, a efectos de controlar y disciplinar a las parcialidades indígenas. A partir de ello, el artículo analiza los límites impuestos desde el campo indígena respecto de estos intentos de subordinación por parte del Estado y el rol desempeñado por los comandantes de frontera. Para abordar dicha temática recurrimos a un corpus documental compuesto por correspondencia entre autoridades militares, comandantes de frontera y caciques, y por fuentes oficiales

La mano invisible y la defensa nacional

En este artículo se analizará el pasaje de la mano invisible en Investigaciones sobre la naturaleza y causa de la riqueza de las naciones. Se mostrará que el resultado esperado por la acción de la mano invisible, la maximización del producto total anual, algunas veces es un obstáculo para la defensa de las naciones. Para comprender cabalmente este punto analizaremos previamente algunas cuestiones en relación con el pasaje de la mano invisible

Los alcances y limitaciones del proceso de militarización de los indios amigos de Buenos Aires (1862-1876)

El trabajo estudia la incorporación de los indios amigos de Buenos Aires al Ejército Nacional entre 1862 y 1876. Entendemos que esta práctica constituyó un intento de llevar a cabo un proceso de militarización, a efectos de controlar y disciplinar a las parcialidades indígenas. A partir de ello, el artículo analiza los límites impuestos desde el campo indígena respecto de estos intentos de subordinación por parte del Estado y el rol desempeñado por los comandantes de frontera. Para abordar dicha temática recurrimos a un corpus documental compuesto por correspondencia entre autoridades militares, comandantes de frontera y caciques, y por fuentes oficiales

La mano invisible y la defensa nacional

En este artículo se analizará el pasaje de la mano invisible en Investigaciones sobre la naturaleza y causa de la riqueza de las naciones. Se mostrará que el resultado esperado por la acción de la mano invisible, la maximización del producto total anual, algunas veces es un obstáculo para la defensa de las naciones. Para comprender cabalmente este punto analizaremos previamente algunas cuestiones en relación con el pasaje de la mano invisible