Gastric Torsion from an Intestinal Hernia Through a Rent in the Gastrosplenic Ligament in a Horse

The present report describes an 8-year-old gelding presenting with signs of severe abdominal pain. After performing a thorough physical examination, including rectal palpation and additional diagnostic tests, an exploratory laparotomy was recommended. The jejunum was found herniated through the gastrosplenic ligament, and the stomach was severely distended with gas. Given a poor prognosis, the horse was euthanized on the table. At necropsy, the stomach appeared dilated, with an 180 horizontal gastric torsion, from left (lateral) to right (medial), dividing the organ into dorsal and ventral compartments. We believe that the chronic traction exerted by an incarcerated and distended loop of jejunum, in the dorsal aspect of the gastrosplenic ligament, associated with trauma during episodes of intense rolling, enlarged the rent until it ruptured. Because of this rupture, the lateral dorsal aspect of the stomach became unattached, predisposing it to the torsion. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Use of a hand-assisted laparoscopic surgical technique for closure of an extensive mesojejunal rent in a horse

CASE DESCRIPTION A 7-year-old 573-kg (1,261 -lb) Swiss Warmblood gelding was evaluated because of signs of acute abdominal pain. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination revealed a markedly distended abdomen with subjectively reduced borborygmi in all abdominal quadrants. A large, gas-distended viscus was present at the pelvic brim preventing complete palpation of the abdomen per rectum. Ultrasonographic evaluation could not be safely performed in the initial evaluation because of severe signs of abdominal pain. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Ventral midline celiotomy was performed, and right dorsal displacement of the ascending colon was corrected. Progressive signs of abdominal pain after surgery prompted repeat ventral midline celiotomy, and small intestinal incarceration in a large, radial mesojejunal rent was detected. The incarceration was reduced, but the defect was not fully accessible for repair via the celiotomy. Repair of the mesenteric defect was not attempted, and conservative management was planned after surgery; however, signs of colic returned. A standard laparoscopic approach was attempted from both flanks in the standing patient, but the small intestine could not be adequately mobilized for full evaluation of the rent. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) allowed identification and reduction of jejunal incarceration and repair of the mesenteric rent. Although minor ventral midline incisional complications were encountered, the horse recovered fully. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HALS techniques should be considered for repair of mesenteric rents in horses. In the horse of this report, HALS facilitated identification, evaluation, and repair of a large radial mesenteric rent that was not accessible from a ventral median celiotomy.

Revolutions-Gedanken, als die Quellen des zweiten Theils : Lob des Feudal- oder echten Gewaltstaates; sein Sturz durch die Vertheilung des Königlichen Eigenthums an Einzelne ; Vortheile dieses Eigenthümerstaates für die Entwicklung der Menschen ; Sturz des Eigenthümerstaates durch das Geld, die Käuflichkeit des Eigenthums, sogenannte Mobilmachung ; Des Geldstaates Nutzen und Niedertracht ; Des Geldstaates eigner Sturz durch die Geldsauger, es aufrecht zu erhalten ; Falsche Bemühungen dagegen, durch die Rechtssüchtigen, die aufopferungssüchtigen Radikalen ; Steigerungsstaat als Stufe zum Vernunftstaat

Boberach: Die "Revolutions-Gedanken" behandeln den Feudal- oder echten Gewaltstaat, seinen Sturz durch die Verteilung des königlichen Eigentums an Einzelne, die Vorteile dieses Eigentümerstaates durch Geld und Käuflichkeit des Eigentums, seinen eigenen Sturz durch die Geldsauger, falsche Bemühungen dagegen, den "Steigerungsstaat" als Stufe zum Vernunftsstaat, in dem den "Geldsaugern" und Produzenten im Interesse der arbeitenden Klasse die Möglichkeit genommen ist, ihre Macht zu mißbrauchen

Sustaining the Economic Rent of Oceanic Resources: The Case of Marine Protected Areas

This paper investigates economic aspects of marine protected areas (MPAs) that are closely related to the underlying marine biota. Many marine scientists recognize that enough is now known about the marine biology for the scientific siting of MPAs to protect marine environments that create associated economic values. Marine scientists have identified several objectives of MPAs. These include protection of genetic and biodiversity, increase in population levels and structures (e.g., age, size, fecundity), enrichment of ecosystems by promoting species interactions, and the protection of continental shelf landscapes from invasive human actions. Indeed, some marine scientists and fisheries economists view MPAs as an 'insurance policy' against over-fishing and other human uses of oceanic resources that have damaged so many of the world's fisheries. The economic analysis presented here pays attention to optimal zoning, policies to maintain sustainable economic rents, and the optimal policing of MPAs.

A Note on US Royalty Relief, Rent Sharing and Offshore Oil Production

This paper offers an economic analysis explaining why royalty relief under US Federal legislation is expensive in terms of revenue foregone, but is largely ineffective in increasing US offshore oil production. Repeal of royalty relief is therefore justified.

La configuración del espacio político en el Reino de León : Los marcos territoriales del poder feudal en el ámbito leonés

La incorporación de las tierras comprendidas entre la Cordillera Cantábrica y el Duero a las estructuras políticas del reino astur supondría el inicio de un proceso de jerarquización del espacio político a partir de la paulatina subordinación política de las poblaciones campesinas al poder de comites, imperantes y potestates. En este trabajo se analizarán los marcos territoriales que encuadraron el ejercicio del poder político por parte de magnates laicos e instituciones eclesiásticas en el siglo X, intentando dar cuenta de la génesis, dinámica y naturaleza de estos distritos con el objeto de esbozar una caracterización global del espacio político en el Reino de León

Fuerzas productivas y lógica económica del modo de producción feudal

Este artículo regresa al debate acerca de la importancia relativa de las fuerzas productivas y de las relaciones de producción en el modo de producción feudal. Sostiene, utilizando evidencia del occidente medieval, que esta relación es empírica y que varía según los modos, quizás incluso dentro de cada uno de ellos. Propone, además, que en el caso específico del feudalismo, no solo las relaciones de producción fueron la fuerza motriz, sino que de hecho los desarrollos en las fuerzas productivas dependieron de ellas