Caracterização morfológica de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Pseudima frutescens (Aubl.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diagnóstico de hemoglobinopatias em recém-nascidos do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto-SP

The neonatal period is considered the most effective for the screening of hemoglobinopathies. This allows prophylaxis and prevention, improving the patient's survival and guidance of parents and heterozygote carriers. The present work aims at the early detection of abnormal hemoglobins, the establishment of standard analysis and to examine the viability of the prevention program. Blood samples were collected by heel stick and from blood cord of children born in the Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, from April 1998 to November 1999. Electrophoresis and cytological, biochemical, cromatographic analyses were made for abnormal hemoglobin characterization. A total of 1,478 neonatal blood samples were analyzed in which 14.62% presented with hemoglobins alterations: 3.32% had Hb S; 0.61% had Hb C; 7.44% were suggestive of alpha thalassemia; 1.55% were suggestive of beta thalassemia, and 1.70% had alpha/beta thalassemia interactions. The samples collected from the blood cord showed better results in all analyses while the blood samples collected by heel stick on filter paper, were applicable to only specific methodologies. The routine laboratory methods allowed identification of the thalassemic and variant forms, and isoelectric focusing presented sensitivity only for variant identification in this age range. The suspected cases were reassessed after six months, which permitted genetic counseling of their family members and clinic attendance. A multidisciplinary approach in programs of this kind is fundamental for its success.

Endoglucanase production with the newly isolated Myceliophtora sp. i-1d3b in a packed bed solid state fermentor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A simple and green analytical method for determination of glyphosate in commercial formulations and water by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

An environmentally friendly reflectometric method for ranitidine determination in pharmaceuticals and human urine

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Detection of propranolol in pharmaceutical formulations by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

This paper describes an analytical reflectometric method that has an objective not only the industrial quality control but also to detect possible falsifications and/or adulterations of propranolol in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the diffuse reflectance measurements of the colored product (III) of the spot test reaction between propranolol hydrochloride (I) and 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (II) using filter paper as solid support. Spot test conditions have been investigated using experimental design in order to identify and optimize the critical factors. The factors evaluated were DCQ concentration, propranolol solvent and DCQ solvent. The best reaction conditions were achieved with the addition of 30 mu L, of propranolol solution in ethanol 35% (v/v) and 30 mu L of DCQ solution at 70 mg mL(-1) in acetone, in this order. All reflectance measurements were carried out at 500 nm and the linear range was from 8.45 x 10(-4) to 8.45 x 10(-2) mol L-1 (r= 0.998). The limit of detection was 1.01 x 10(-4) mol L-1. No interference was observed from the assessed excipients and drugs. The method was applied to determine propranolol in commercial brands of pharmaceuticals. The results obtained by the proposed method were favorably compared with those given by the British Pharmacopoeia procedure. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An Environmentally Friendly Reflectometric Method for Bumetanide Determination in Pharmaceuticals

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

In vitro efficacy of plant extracts and synthesized substances on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Herbal drugs have been widely evaluated as an alternative method of parasite control, aiming to slow development of resistance and obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of extracts from Carapa guianensis seed oil, Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon schoenanthus leaf essential oil, and Piper tuberculatum leaf crude extract and similar synthesized substances. In the immersion test, engorged females were evaluated in five dilutions ranging from 10% to 0.030625% concentration. In the larval test on impregnated filter paper, the concentration ranged from 10% to 0.02%. The treatments and controls were done in three replicates. Chemical analysis of the oils was performed by gas chromatography. The main compounds were oleic acid (46.8%) for C. guianensis and geraniol for C. martinii (81.4%), and C. schoenanthus (62.5%). The isolated and synthesized substances showed no significant effect on larvae and adult. C. martinii and P. tuberculatum showed the best efficacy on the engorged females. The LC50 and LC90 were 2.93% and 6.66% and 3.76% and 25.03%, respectively. In the larval test, the LC50 and LC90 obtained for C. martinii, P. tuberculatum, and C. schoenanthus were 0.47% and 0.63%, 0.41% and 0.79%, 0.57% and 0.96%, respectively. The fact that geraniol is present in greater quantities in C. martinii explains its higher activity in relation to C. shoenanthus. It is necessary to validate the in vivo use of safe and effective phytoparasiticidal substances. Efforts should be focused on developing formulations that enhance the efficacy in vivo and lengthen the residual period.

Determination of hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determination of ambroxol in syrups using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de um método reflectométrico ambientalmente mais amigável para a determinação de metoclopramida em formulações farmacêuticas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite and paramonochlorophenol combined with furacin against S. aureus, C. albicans, E. faecalise and P. aureginosa

OBJETIVO: Analisar a ação antimicrobiana da clorexidina a 2%, do hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e do paramonoclorofenol associado ao furacin sobre S aureus, C albicans, E faecalise e P aureginosa. METODOLOGIA: Foram utilizadas 40 placas Petri. Quatro placas foram separadas como controle negativo e em 4 outras, além do meio de cultura, semearam-se os microrganismos, com o círculo de papel, para se obter o controle positivo. em 32 placas seguiu-se a colocação de 4 círculos de filtro de papel esterilizados e impregnados das substâncias testes e controle, depositados em cada quadrante das mesmas. Os grupos foram analisados por 7 dias. Para a verificação dos resultados, usaram-se os halos de inibição de crescimento bacteriano. RESULTADOS: A clorexidina 2% foi significantemente (P<0,05) mais efetiva para todas as cepas microbianas que as demais substâncias. O hipoclorito de sódio a 1% apresentou resultados intermediários. O paramonoclorofenol associado ao furacin (PMC+F) obteve os piores resultados. CONCLUSÃO: A clorexidina obteve os melhores resultados. O PMC+F apresentou os menores halos de inibição.

Reação enzimática ao estresse salino durante a germinação de estilosantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Alguns efeitos do fluometuron sobre o crescimento inicial de Bidens pilosa L.

Sementes de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.) foram germinadas em placas de petri sobre papel de filtro molhado com diferentes concentrações de fluometuron (0, 5, 25, 125 e 625 ppm). O ensaio foi conduzido em condições de laboratório, com variação de temperatura entre 24°C e 28°C e intensidade luminosa máxima de 600 lux e foi encerrado após sete dias (168 horas). O fluometuron diminuiu a germinabilidade e o comprimento da radídula e do hipocótilo, afetou o formato dos cotilédones e, nas concentrações mais elevadas, impediu a rejeição do pericarpo. Os efeitos observados não são atribuíveis a lesões bioquímicas do processo fotossintético.

Desenvolvimento e anatomia de plantas de carrapicho-beiço-de-boi (Desmodium canum (Gmel) Schinz et TheII) pré tratadas com trifluralin e fluchloralin

Sementes de carrapicho-beiço-de-boi (Desmodium canum) foram germinadas em placas de Petri, sobre papel de filtro, com diferentes concentrações de trifluralin e fluchloralin (0, 0,5, 2,5, 12,5 e 62,5 ppm). Após 28 dias nesse meio, as plântulas foram transferidas para vasos contendo solo sem herbicida, onde permaneceram até os 101 dias de desenvolvimento. O ensaio foi conduzido em condições de labora tório, com temperatura variando entre 25-28°C. Plantas com 101 dias de desenvolvimento, prétratadas com as concentrações mais baixas dos herbicidas, apresentaram-se atrofiadas e menos vigorosas quando comparadas com plantas testemunhas; nas mais elevadas, a maioria das plantas não sobreviveu aos tratamentos. A análise histológica do caule, ao nível do nó e entrenó, mostrou intensa desorganização dos tecidos, principalmente do tecido vascular.