Reassessment of the Microbial Role in Mn-Fe Nodule Genesis in Andean Paleosols

The presence of Mn-Fe nodules in the epipedons (surface horizons) of paleosols of presumed Upper Neogene age in the northwestern Venezuelan Andes have been interpreted as products of inorganic oxidation and reduction processes operating over the full range of glacial and interglacial cycles that affected paleosol morphogenesis. New microscopic/chemical data from combined SEM-EDS-FIB analyses of representative Mn-Fe nodules indicate microbes play an important role in Mn/Fe precipitation leading to their genesis in alpine Mollisols (Argiustolls). Although the prevailing new data are based mainly on fossil forms of filamentous bacteria and fungi and other biogenic pseudomorphs that may represent the former resident bacteria, the presence of extant microbes must await field experiments/collection, followed by a molecular microbiology approach to determine the biological drivers of metal precipitation. As in other terrestrial niche environments, microbes are seen here to play a role, perhaps a key one, in the morphogenesis of paleosols of importance in upper Neogene paleoenvironmental reconstruction.

Reforço de estruturas de betão armado com compósitos de fibra de carbono

O relatório resulta do estágio realizado na empresa Sika Brasil, no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de DIPRE do Mestrado de Engenharia Civil do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. A área de especialidade incidiu na recuperação e reforço de estruturas (Target Market Refurbishment), onde se deu a oportunidade de aprofundar conhecimentos em reforço estrutural através do sistema de reforço com compósitos de fibra de carbono (CFRP) colado exteriormente (EBR - Externally Bonded Reinforcement). O estágio realizado permitiu uma abordagem com a gama de produtos de recuperação e reforço da Sika Brasil, sendo que houve um foco muito grande nos produtos que respeitam ao reforço estrutural com compósitos de fibra de carbono. Este documento visa várias etapas do estágio, relacionadas diretamente com o reforço estrutural com CFRP. Foi feito um levantamento teórico das características dos compósitos de fibra de carbono, dando a conhecer os materiais envolvidos no sistema, as suas propriedades mecânicas e o seu âmbito de aplicação. No sentido de ter um diálogo profícuo com os projetistas e aplicadores de sistemas compósitos de fibra, foi realizada uma análise do procedimento de cálculo para o dimensionamento de reforço CFRP, à luz do Bulletin 14 fib:01 (2001), bem como uma análise da situação de incêndio para os sistemas compósitos. Consta neste documento uma análise feita entre os principais fornecedores de sistemas de CFRP no Brasil, baseando-se a mesma no conteúdo das fichas técnicas de produto relativas ao sistema de reforço EBR e respetiva comparação com a informação necessária para dimensionamento, de acordo com o Bulletin 14 fib:01 (2001). É relatado um reforço estrutural, como caso de estudo, tendo-se dado a oportunidade de se acompanhar desde a sua fase de projeto até à fase de execução. Por fim, este documento contém a simulação de dois programas da Sika para dimensionamento de reforço CFRP. A simulação foi feita para uma viga submetida a esforço de flexão, com as características geométricas e solicitações previamente definidas.

Investigation of aspect ratio of hole drilling from micro to nanoscale via focused ion beam fine milling

Holes with different sizes from microscale to nanoscale were directly fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling in this paper. Maximum aspect ratio of the fabricated holes can be 5:1 for the hole with large size with pure FIB milling, 10:1 for gas assistant etching, and 1:1 for the hole with size below 100 nm. A phenomenon of volume swell at the boundary of the hole was observed. The reason maybe due to the dose dependence of the effective sputter yield in low intensity Gaussian beam tail regions and redeposition. Different materials were used to investigate variation of the aspect ratio. The results show that for some special material, such as Ni-Be, the corresponding aspect ratio can reach 13.8:1 with Cl₂ assistant etching, but only 0.09:1 for Si(100) with single scan of the FIB.

Con qué deporte escolar sueñan las familias?

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A utilização de varões de GFRP nas estruturas de betão armado

A crescente preocupação com a deterioração e consequente reparação e reabilitação das estruturas de betão armado tradicionais, sobretudo devido ao fenómeno da corrosão associada aos varões de aço, que afecta significativamente a durabilidade deste tipo de estruturas, tem impulsionado a introdução dos varões de GFRP na área da engenharia civil. A progressiva utilização dos varões de GFRP, nas estruturas de betão armado, surge não só no sentido de colmatar as deficiências apresentadas pelo aço convencional, mas igualmente, pelas características que lhe são inerentes, das quais se destacam, entre outras, a elevada resistência à tracção e à fadiga, a elevada resistência química, a sua não condutividade electromagnética e corrosibilidade nula e o seu baixo peso próprio. Contudo, o comportamento frágil consequente do reduzido módulo de elasticidade, o custo início elevado e a falta de códigos de dimensionamento, têm tardado a sua aplicação generalizada. Neste contexto, procede-se no presente documento à elaboração de um Estado da Arte, com intuito de analisar o ponto de situação dos conhecimentos, seguida da apresentação da filosofia de dimensionamento e da descrição das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos varões de GFRP. No sentido de avaliar o Estado Limite Último (E.L.U.) e o Estado Limite de Serviço (E.L.S.), dos elementos de betão armado com GFRP, realiza-se uma exposição dos modelos de dimensionamento sugeridos pelo ACI 440.1R-06 [3], pelo Fib-Bulletin 40 [21] e pelo ISIS Manual No.3 [25]. Por fim, dimensiona-se três elementos estruturais de betão armado com GFRP, com o objectivo de delinear as principais diferenças entre as armaduras de aço e de GFRP. Os exemplos de aplicação efectuados permitiram concluir, que de facto, o E.L.S. é maioritariamente condicionante neste tipo de estruturas, devido ao reduzido módulo de elasticidade, que afecta significativamente a deformação.

O histórico de uma pesca tropical utilizando indicadores ecossistêmicos

When scientists study methods, theory and standards in an inseparable form, he is facing a paradigm. Throughout the development of a determined science, paradigms can change by changing the methods, objective and standards of research. Fisheries science is changing the paradigm moving from the paradigm of maximization in the use of resources, quantified by the index of the catch, which was influenced by evolutionary concepts such as Optimal Foraging Theory, to the sustainability paradigm that seeks its foundation in the fishery ecosystem perspective. The goal of this study was to review methods, theory and the history of ecosystem indexes of fishery science that attempts to determine sustainability of fishery resources from the data capture. Ecosystems indexes by themselves may not be useful to measure the sustainability of fishing because they focus only on the environmental or ecological side of the sustainability tripod. Probably to measure the sustainability of fishing these indexes should include in the future the Payments for Ecosystem Services and Social Resilience. Thus the methods and theories are in constantly changing within science to meet the most current paradigm

Effect of periodontal treatment on metabolic control, systemic inflammation and cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Myocyte necrosis is the basis for fibrosis inrenovascular hypertensive rats

The pathogenesis of fibrosis and the functional features of pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy are still controversial. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the function and morphology of the hypertrophied myocardium in renovascular hypertensive (RHT) rats. Male Wistar rats were sacrificed at week 4 (RHT4) and 8 (RHT8) after unilateral renal ischemia (Goldblatt II hypertension model). Normotensive rats were used as controls. Myocardial function was analyzed in isolated papillary muscle preparations, morphological features were defined by light microscopy, and myocardial hydroxyproline concentration (HOP) was determined by spectrophotometry. Renal artery clipping resulted in elevated systolic arterial pressure (RHT4: 178 ± 19 mmHg and RHT8: 194 ± 24 mmHg, P<0.05 vs control: 123 ± 7 mmHg). Myocardial hypertrophy was observed in both renovascular hypertensive groups. The myocardial HOP concentration was increased in the RHT8 group (control: 2.93 ± 0.38 µg/mg; RHT4: 3.02 ± 0.40 µg/mg; RHT8: 3.44 ± 0.45 µg/mg of dry tissue, P<0.05 vs control and RHT4 groups). The morphological study demonstrated myocyte necrosis, vascular damage and cellular inflammatory response throughout the experimental period. The increased cellularity was more intense in the adventitia of the arterioles. As a consequence of myocyte necrosis, there was an early, local, conjunctive stroma collapse with disarray and thickening of the argyrophilic interstitial fibers, followed by scarring. The functional data showed an increased passive myocardial stiffness in the RHT4 group. We conclude that renovascular hypertension induces myocyte and arteriole necrosis. Reparative fibrosis occurred as a consequence of the inflammatory response to necrosis. The mechanical behavior of the isolated papillary muscle was normal, except for an early increased myocardial passive stiffness

New proposal of classification of seeds based on forms of phytochrome instead of photoblastism

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Capacidade combinatória de linhagens e seleção de híbridos de sorgo sacarino

Sweet sorghum figure as an alternative feedstock for ethanol production. The establishment of this culture in Brazilian production chain depends on the development of more productive and adapted cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general combining ability (GCA) of sweet sorghum lines and specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrid combinations as the agronomic and technological traits, and additionally to identify promising hybrid combinations for evaluation in advanced trials. Five restorer lines (R) and four male-sterile lines (A) were used in a partial cross diallel yielding 20 hybrids. The parental lines, hybrids and one check were evaluated in experiments carried out in a rectangular lattice design 5x6 with three replicates in two locations. The following traits were measured: flowering time, plant height, green mass yield, dry matter percentage, dry matter yield, juice extraction, total soluble solids content, sucrose content, purity, reducing sugars content, fiber content, sugars reducing total content, total recoverable sugars, hydrous ethanol, tons of per hectare, and ethanol production. There were differences between locations and genotypes for the traits. There was a significant effect of the genotype by environment interaction for most characters, except juice extraction, purity and reducing sugars content. There were a significant effect of GCA and SCA for most traits, indicating that additive and non-additive effects affect the phenotypic expression. Considering the effects of the GCA, the A line 201402B022-A, and R lines BRS 511, CMSXS643, and CMSXS646 were considered promising for exploration as parents in breeding programs of sweet sorghum in order to increase the ethanol production and the quality of the feedstock.The hybrids 201402B010-A x BRS 511, 201402B010-A x BRS 508, 201402B010-A x CMSXS646, 201402B022-A x BRS 511, 201402B022-A x CMSXS643, 201402B022-A x CMSXS646, 201402B022-A x CMSXS647 were the most promising for ethanol yield.

Inter-relações da produtividade de cana-de-açúcar com atributos físico-químicos de um argissolo vermelho eutrófico do noroeste paulista

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise linear e espacial entre alguns atributos produtivos e tecnológicos da cana- de-açúcar com o pH de um argissolo vermelho de Suzanápolis (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Definição de públicos na gestão de relacionamentos de instituição privada de ensino superior

This paper aims to provide guidelines for the development of communication strategies and relationship to a Private Institution of Higher Education (PIHE), having as initial activity of this process the definition and distinction of its various stakeholders. Currently, it has become necessary due to changes the scene of higher education has been through. In general, competition is greater, the demands of customers increased, causing the university management to take new directions in order to plan the activities in the most possible professional way. The study enables the public to identify needs and preferences of each group, allowing the creation of communication strategies and more targeted and relationships more prosperous and sustainable, making them competitive advantages in the midst of this tumultuous contemporary educational context. Therefore, it was developed a study of public interest of Faculdades Integradas de Bauru - FIB - coupled with the development of a field research, exploratory and descriptive to get subsidies for a project relationship for the various stakeholders of the institution

Estruturas de concreto reforçadas com PRFC parte II: análise dos modelos de cisalhamento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)