The damage caused by Callosobruchus maculatus on cowpea grains is dependent on the plant genotype.

Beans fromcowpea cultivars fertilized with mineral N or inoculated with various rhizobium strainsmay contain different nitrogen concentrations and nitrogen metabolite composition, which affects the beans? defense mechanisms against pests. In this study, the population growth of Callosobruchus maculatus reared on beans from four cowpea cultivars fertilized with different nitrogen sources was evaluated. The factors tested were beans from four cowpea cultivars and seven different nitrogen sources: mineral N fertilization, inoculation with five strains of symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria, and soil nitrogen (absolute control).

Report on the Alternative Platform Observer Program in North Carolina: March 2006 to March 2007

In February 2006, an Alternative Platform Observer Program (APP) was implemented in North Carolina (NC) to observe commercial gillnet trips by small vessels [<24 ft (7.2 m)] in nearshore waters out to three nm (5.6 km). Efforts began with outreach to the fishing industry while simultaneously gathering information to be incorporated in a Database of Fishermen. From 30 March 2006 through 31 March 2007, 36 trips were observed. Observed trips of the NC nearshore gillnet fishery targeted seven species: kingfish (Menticirrhus spp.), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis). Of the 36 trips, 20 (55.6%) were with vessels that were new to the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP), having never carried an observer. Based on the landings data for small vessels from North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF), the APP has achieved 10.1% coverage by number of trips and 4.0% by pounds landed. No incidental takes of bottlenose dolphins were observed by the APP, although bottlenose dolphins were sighted during 19 (52.8%) observed trips. The APP has drastically increased the number of observed trips of small vessels in the nearshore waters of NC. When combined with trips observed by NEFOP (n=205), the APP resulted in a 15.6% increase in the number of observed gillnet trips. (PDF contains 34 pages)

Análise da composição da dieta de seis espécies de peixes coexistentes em um reservatório tropical (Reservatório de Ribeirão das Lajes, Piraí-RJ)

O presente estudo analisou o conteúdo digestório de 221 indivíduos de seis espécies de peixes, do reservatório de Ribeirão das Lajes (Piraí-RJ), sendo 44 exemplares da espécie Loricariichthys castaneus, 56 de Parauchenipterus striatulus, 46 de Metynnis maculatus, 40 de Astyanax bimaculatus, 31 de Astyanax parahybae e 4 de Rhamdia quelen. O intuito foi o de estabelecer suas dietas, através do emprego do índice de importância alimentar (IAi), verificar a existência de diferenças na alimentação entre épocas seca e chuvosa e ainda as suas relações tróficas no ambiente aquático em questão. Não foram observadas grandes alterações da dieta das espécies estudadas entre épocas do ano. Foi evidenciada uma utilização de recursos alimentares semelhantes entre as espécies, que puderam ser divididas em dois grupos: um composto por espécies de hábitos onívoros com tendência a insetivoria e que empregaram recursos alóctones em suas dietas, formado por A. bimaculatus, A. parahybae e P. striatulus e outro contendo L. castaneus, R. quelen e M. maculatus que apresentaram uma maior amplitude de itens ingeridos, sendo muitos itens associados ao substrato e alguns a coluna dágua. Existiu uma sobreposição alimentar entre as espécies onívoras, todavia a ampla disponibilidade de recursos alimentares passíveis de serem explorados pelos peixes no reservatório faz com que esta sobreposição não se converta em possível competição por alimentos. Além disso, as espécies exploraram secundariamente itens alimentares diferenciados em suas dietas.

The abiotic ecology of breeding ground of Palaemonid prawns in the Ilaje Estuary, Ondo State, Nigeria

In situ ecological assessment of the breeding grounds of palaemonid prawns was conducted in some selected locations around Ondo state coastal area between the months of April and September. Data obtained were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. Three species of Palaemonid prawns were identified in four different locations within the study area with relative abundance ratio of 4:3:1. Macrobrachium macrobrachion, Nematopalaemon hastatus and Palaemon maculatus respectively. Sex ratio of 1 male to 5 females for M. macrobrachion, and 1 male to 2 females for N. hastatus and P. maculatus were observed with result showing significant relationships (P < 0.05) in distribution patterns across collection sites. Population distribution within the water column showed that palaemons are sub-lithoral prawns inhabiting maximum mean depth of 0.67m ± 0.025. Surface macro-phytes such as Eichhornia crassipies, Paspalum vaginatum, and Pistia stratiotes are common providing hiding spots for the prawn at the breeding ground. The mean soil pH across the sites stands at 6.67± 0.399 with the soil textural class that range from silty-loam to silty-clay. Also, the water quality parameters of study areas suggest that captive culture and rearing of Palaemons may be feasible outside the breeding areas.

Reservoir fishery resources of south-east Asia

Although the reservoir area in south-east Asia is considerable, the fish production is low in the majority of reservoirs. Although high fish production has been recorded in a number of reservoirs in Sri Lanka and Indonesia, high fish production in reservoirs has with few exceptions resulted from the introduction of typical lake species from Africa. Addition of further lake fish species especially into deeper reservoirs will probably increase present fish yields. Diversification of the lake fish fauna can be achieved by introduction of species indigenous to the region like Etroplus suratensis. In this introduction of fish species, three points may be noted with specific reference to Tilapia spp.: (a) Lakes without indigenous cyprinids show marked fluctuation in fish catch with the introduction of Tilapia, and this could be stabilised by the introduction of predators and more diverse species. (b) Lakes with a moderate diversity of fish fauna show a high stabilised production with the introduction of Tilapia, presumably because of the effect of predator pressure on excessive Tilapia breeding. (c) Lowland lakes with a rich diversity of indigenous fish species colonising lakes may not require the introduction of Tilapia. Introduction of invertebrates into reservoirs in south east-Asia has not been done deliberately so far. However, the experience in other parts of the world, notably the Soviet Union, indicates that such introductions are likely to prove beneficial and to increase fish production. The potential for a considerable increase in fish production from reservoirs exists in south-east Asia. Proper management is likely to cost less than what is required for fish culture. Rural areas are likely to benefit most from increased fish production in reservoirs, and this might be a way to provide cheap protein where it is most urgently needed.

Nutritional quality of some food fish

The proximate compositions and amino acid make-up of silver jew fish (Johnius argentatus), Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei), grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis) are reported. Calorific values of these fishes have been calculated from their proximate compositions and their amino acid make-up compared with the available data for beef and egg. From the study, pearl spot is adjudged to be the most nutritive among the fishes studied, followed by Indian halibut, grey mullet and silver jew fish.

Molecular phylogeny of the specialized schizothoracine fishes (Teleostei : Cyprinidae), with their implications for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Molecular phylogeny of three genera containing nine species and subspecies of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are investigated based on the complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Meantime relationships between the main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes and the stepwise uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are also conducted using the molecular clock, which is calibrated by geological isolated events between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Qinghai Lake. Results indicated that the specialized schizothoracine fishes are not a monophyly. Five species and subspecies of Ptychobarbus form a monophyly. But three species of Gymnodiptychus do not form a monophyly. Gd. integrigymnatus is a sister taxon of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes while Gd. pachycheilus has a close relation with Gd. dybowskii, and both of them are as a sister group of Diptychus maculatus. The specialized schizothoracines fishes might have originated during the Miocene (about 10 MaBP), and then the divergence of three genera happened during late Miocene (about 8 MaBP). Their main specialization occurred during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.54-0.42 MaBP). The main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shift happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5 and 1.7 MaBP of the late Cenozoic. Molecular clock data do not support the hypothesis that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplifted to near present or even higher elevations during the Oligocene or Miocene, and neither in agreement with the view that the plateau uplifting reached only to an altitude of 2000 in during the late Pliocene (about 2.6 MaBP).

斑鳢和乌鳢寄生孢子虫的研究

<正> 关于寄生鳢属鱼类原生动物的研究,外国已有不少的文献,但在我国还没有关于这方面的资料。作者进行这一研究工作,目的是了解斑鳢(Ophiocephalus maculatus)和乌鳢(O.argus)两种淡水鱼的孢子虫种类的形态学,以及对寄主的关系,以供鱼病防治和有关寄生虫学方面工作者在理论和实践上的参考。本文记述的孢子虫共22种,其中已见于文献的6种,新种16种,并包括粘孢子虫一新属。其分类系统如下:

花(鱼骨)和重唇鱼的天然杂交种

<正> 花(鱼骨)(Hemibarbus maculatus)又名麻鲤,在东北地区通称花吉勾,这种鱼广泛地分布在我国各种水体中,南起海南岛,北到黑龙江都能在存。重唇鱼(Hemibarbus labeo)盛产于黑龙江流域各河流中,常读为“重重”。这二种鱼都是鲤科鱼类中较大型的种类,因同属一属,因之在形态构造和生活习性方面甚为相似,一些作者对它们已有了详尽的记载,特别是1948年Γ.B.Никольский和М.Н.Лищев的报告,阐明得十分明确扼要。这二种鱼外形上的主要差别,在于花(鱼骨)的身体尾鳍和背鳍

Molecular phylogeny of the specialized schizothoracine fishes (Teleostei : Cyprinidae), with their implications for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Molecular phylogeny of three genera containing nine species and subspecies of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are investigated based on the complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Meantime relationships between the main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes and the stepwise uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are also conducted using the molecular clock, which is calibrated by geological isolated events between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Qinghai Lake. Results indicated that the specialized schizothoracine fishes are not a monophyly. Five species and subspecies of Ptychobarbus form a monophyly. But three species of Gymnodiptychus do not form a monophyly. Gd. integrigymnatus is a sister taxon of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes while Gd. pachycheilus has a close relation with Gd. dybowskii, and both of them are as a sister group of Diptychus maculatus. The specialized schizothoracines fishes might have originated during the Miocene (about 10 MaBP), and then the divergence of three genera happened during late Miocene (about 8 MaBP). Their main specialization occurred during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.54-0.42 MaBP). The main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shift happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5 and 1.7 MaBP of the late Cenozoic. Molecular clock data do not support the hypothesis that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplifted to near present or even higher elevations during the Oligocene or Miocene, and neither in agreement with the view that the plateau uplifting reached only to an altitude of 2000 in during the late Pliocene (about 2.6 MaBP).

Notes and memoranda

Aphia pellucida. Cantharus lineatus. Gobius Jeffreysii. Arnoglossus Grohmanni. Callionymus maculatus. Muraena helena.

Notes and memoranda

An observation of the colour-changes of a wrasse, Labrus maculatus. The incubation of the skate-leech Pontobdella muricata. Larval lobsters at the surface. Notes on Cepola rubescens, Trachinus draco, Trigla obscura, Trygon pastinaca, Myliobatis aquila.

Notes and memoranda

Callionymus maculatus. Phrynorhombus unimaculatus. Motella cimbria. Sepia elegans. Mysis longicornis. Mysidopsis angusta. Malformation of the mouth in the common sea-bream.

Studies on Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Pearl Spot (Etroplussuratensis) With Special Emphasis to Biochemical and Microbiological Parameters

A modified atmosphere may be defined as a packaging or storage of a perishable product in an atmosphere other than that of air. A modified atmosphere (MA) applies to food packaged products changes continuously throughout the storage period. The pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis) is an important brackish water fish belonging to the family Cichlidae. The present work was carried out to see the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life fresh pearl spot stored in ice to extent the shelf life. The objectives of the present study are to study the suitability of Thermoformed Trays for modified atmosphere packaging, to standardize the most suitable gas mixture for modified atmosphere packaging pearl spot based on sensory evaluation, to find out the effect of modified atmosphere packaging in comparison to air packaging, to study the biochemical, microbiological, sensory and textural characteristics during storage, to study the safety concern regarding the Clostridium botulinum during modified atmosphere packaging, to find out the most suitable chemical quality indices for modified atmosphere stored pearl spot

Studies on amylolytic bacteria in Cochin backwaters

This thesis Entitled Studies on amylolytic bacteria in cochin backwaters.This thesis presents a detailed account of the disribution of amylolytic bacteria in water. sediment. fishes ( Etroplus suratensis and Liza parsia) • prawns ( Penaeus indicus and Metapenaeus dobsoni) and clams ( Sunetta scripta and Meretrix casta) from Cochin backwaters. genera-wise distribution of amylolytic bacteria, ability of selected strains to grow and produce amylase at various physico-chemical conditions. Regulation of amylase synthesis anrt characters of amylases producer by these halophilic bacteria.Amylolytic bacteria are distributed widely in water. sediment. fishes. prawns and clams of Cochin back waters. 53% of the total isolates tested were capable of producing amylase. Maximum number of arnylolytic bacteria were present in Metapenaeus dobsoni. In general, the gut region of aquatic animals harboured more amylolytic bacteria than the gill or surface. These bacteria may help in the digestion of starch present in their food.Presence of ions in the medium was found to be essential for growth and amylase production. It was found that this ionic requirement is not highly specific. Sorlium chloride could be replaced by potassium chloride. or magnesium chloride to some extent I without affecting growth and amylase production. The important function of these ions may be to maintain the osmotic balance between the cells and their environment.All the isolates showed the ability to grow and produce amylase using raw-starches from cassava. plantain and potato .This property suggests their role in the rdegradation of native starches in the environment