Gestão da cadeia de fornecimento :um estudo em empresas de construção certificadas com a ISO 9000

The aim of this present research is to investigate about aplication of the supply chain management in Civil Construction, through perception of brasilian building companies directors. Research purpose includes potential benefits and main dificults analysis in supply chain management, beyond to identify decision criterions for suppliers and sales chain (commission agent and real state agency) choice and reduction, to facilility management in companies. The methodology used in this work considers the application of a questionnaire with scales of the type Likert being constituted of variables that compose the aspects of evaluation and of behaviors, beyond questions to identify the market profile of the respondents. For analysis statistics is used the descriptive, clusters and variance, ANOVA, analysis last two to verify the connections between variables. The results show more perception as for long terms contracts with suppliers for purchase of materials and services being decisive for companies nowadays (40%) than as for exclusive contracts with commission agents (30%). There is a positive appraisal about viability of hipotetic situations showed, but more caution as for disposition to apply them too. Another results aim for biggers dificults in management of chain links formed by commission agents and real state agencies, than chain links formed by anothers suppliers of materials and services. The companies for study were chosen among to those with ISO 9000 certificate until november 2001, considering that these companies have the best management systems, probably

Modelo de gerenciamento de estoques de peças de reposição para empresas de transporte urbano de passageiros

This work searches to offer a model to improve spare parts stock management for companies of urban passenger transport by bus, with the consequent progress in their maintenance management. Also known as MRO items (Maintenance, Repair and Operations), these spare parts, according their consumption and demand features, cost, criticity to operation, lead-time, quantity of suppliers, among other parameters, shouldn´t have managed their inventory like normal production items (work in process e final products), that because their features, are managed by more predictable models based, for example, in economic order quantity. In the case specifically of companies of urban passenger transport by bus, items MRO have significant importance in their assets and a bad management of these inventories can cause serious losses to company, leading it even bankrupticy business, in more severe situations which missing spare part provokes vehicles shutdown indefinitely. Given slight attention to the issue, which translates in little literature available about it when compared to that literature about normal items stocks, and due the fact that MRO items be critical to bus urban transport of passengers companies´, it is necessary, so, deepen in this theme searching to give technical and scientific subsidies to companies that work, in many times, empirically, with these so decisive inputs to their business. As a typical portfolio problem, in which there are n items, separated into critical and noncritical, while competing for the same resource, it was developed a new algorithm to aid in a better inventory management of spare parts used only in corrective maintenance (whose failures are unpredictable and random), by analyzing the cost-benefit ratio, which compares the level of service versus cost of each item. The model was tested in a company of urban passenger transport by bus from the city of Natal, who anonymously provided their real data to application in this work

A influência do marketing ambiental na decisão de compra dos consumidores de produtos orgânicos

The search of the man for more comfort and one better quality of life led to an increment of the production of goods and services, that results, almost always, in aggressions to the nature and to a reduction of this same quality of life. The concern with the ambient problems appears as an important element regarding the material and economic growth and of the quality of life. With this scene a new question, the Ambient Marketing appears. Although the marketing concept to be well ample, the companies use the term ambient marketing to make reference what in fact, many times, are a more specific activity of ambient communication. The ambient communication is a new form to communicate used for the companies with the objective to get advantages of its competitors ahead, since the competitiveness by means of the o price, the stated period and the quality if becomes extremely incited. In view of the current competitive market, where the organizations need distinguishing to get greater have detached front to the competition, and the fact of the society to be each time more worried about the environment and the impacts that the companies cause it, the ambient communication has been used as form to convince its customers. Of this form, she evaluated herself, through a exploratory research and qualitative, the influence of the use of the ambient communication in the decision of purchase and of that she forms the companies when using of this communication can add value to its product. The results had indicated that 77% of the interviewed ones had heard to say on marketing or ambient communication and that the television is main the media for this knowledge, a time that 90.9% of the respondents had affirmed to have seen propagandas of directed products of consumption to the ambient question in this way. In fact, the concern with the environment demonstrated for the companies has its impact, therefore 84% of the respondents had told if to sensetize with this fact. However, only a lesser number of people, 70.5% answered that this concern really influences in its decision of purchase

Fatores condicionantes da utilização da Internet na compra de serviços de viagens e turismo: estudo com turistas brasileiros em visita à Natal-RN

In today s global society, companies have become even more competitive with the abundance of information that prospective clients have available to them. This way the tourist services has appropriate the distribution using electronics ways as information for doing acquirement services. This work, shows the adopted provision of on-line tourist services does have suited apportionment for factors and buy decisions. The method used is a survey applied to the tourists, at international airport Augusto Severo, no matter why the visit reason to Natal city, at all, they were 210 people, being the chief variables evaluated the tourist perception of facility, utility, benefits, amenity and pleasure from the Internet s use, under the terms at the tourists experiences from the WEB about to acquisitions and researches. The results acquaint that the younger tourists or less experts tourists, in visit to Natal, demonstrated greater bias to the Internet s use than the other people. By the way women have a larger representation as a consumer from the WEB and finally, people along greater study tends to adopt. The work s contribution provides greater knowledge for the tourism executives about how might use the Internet, as well as bring forward a scene propitious for the on-line diffuseness service

Las articulaciones exportadoras entre grandes y pequeñas empresas en Argentina: una oportunidad para fomentar la internacionalización de las PYMES

Incluye Bibliografía

Reformas a la institucionalidad del crédito y el financiamiento a empresas de menor tamaño: la experiencia chilena con sistemas de 'segundo piso' 1990-1998

Incluye Bibliografía

A gestão da comunicação e da informação nas empresas contemporâneas sob a ótica da responsabilidade social

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Identificação e disseminação de práticas ambientais na cadeia de suprimento: estudo de casos em empresas manufatureiras do segmento de informática

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A colonização promovida por empresas e famílias do centro sul do Brasil na Amazônia Mato-Grossense

A presente tese tem como objetivo principal a identificação dos aspectos institucionais, políticos, legais, e econômicos presentes no processo de colonização privada praticados por empresas e famílias nos municípios de São José do Rio Claro e Canarana, ambos no Estado de Mato Grosso. A importância em descortinar tais aspectos se dá em função da necessidade de compreender a colonização privada voltada para pequenos agricultores do Centro-Sul do país, alocados na Amazônia mato-grossense. Os aprofundamentos dessas análises permitirão subsidiar futuros processos de colonização, assim como, mitigar prováveis impactos negativos que se repercutem ainda hoje nesses municípios. A pesquisa foi operacionalizada em estudo de campo em ambos os municípios. A pesquisa bibliográfica e documental procurou levantar os aspectos da história econômica, da ocupação territorial, da presença das organizações e dos processos institucionais que possibilitaram a comercialização das terras e as consequências da colonização privada para pequenos agricultores. Nesse sentido, o estudo confirma a hipótese que a colonização privada ensejou na lógica de produção capitalista latifundiária. O pequeno agricultor do Centro-Sul teve acesso a terra, mas por uma lógica de mercado que possibilitou através das terras devolutas o processo de compra e venda de áreas de tamanhos diversos, até mesmo em quantidades inferiores à permitida pelo órgão oficial do governo. Fomentou a ocupação, o trabalhador rural, principalmente o pequeno também serviu de mão de obra necessária para os grandes projetos capitalistas. Identificou-se que os pequenos produtores não estavam contemplados nos planejamentos das organizações governamentais. A colonização privada empreendida por empresas e famílias se configura como uma continuação da "colonial empresa". A ocupação da Amazônia mato-grossense estabeleceu com a presença das organizações e das instituições públicas e privadas o processo de privatização de terras, tidas por devolutas de Mato Grosso. A burla para a aquisição de terras foi instrumentalizada por leis e organizações que facilitaram a compra junto ao Estado. Essas terras chegaram aos pequenos agricultores do Centro-Sul via comercialização empreendidas pelos colonizadores particulares. Os agricultores migrantes vieram de uma cultura produtiva baseada em um ambiente próprio do sul e sudeste. Em Mato Grosso, enfrentaram dificuldades com o clima e qualidade do solo daqui do Centro-Oeste, gerando uma diferença edafoclimática, limitando a produção agrícola com a cultura que trouxeram. Entre acertos e erros, geraram conhecimentos, próprios de iniciativas endógenas, embora consideram que seu conhecimento de pioneiro não é reconhecido e valorizado nas políticas públicas, que ainda busca assentar pequenos trabalhadores agrícolas.

Construção de um sistema de gestão de materiais - MRP - Integrado ao Jogo de Empresas Mercado Virtual

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Adquisición de empresas: un enfoque financiero

Este trabajo, Adquisición de empresas: un enfoque financiero, estudia y da más detalle sobre los procesos de adquisición y fusiones de empresas, con su foco principal en los aspectos financieros, sin pero olvidar los de más factores que concurren en una operación de este tipo, como: las operaciones, la estrategia empresarial e IT. He elegido este tema por la importancia que M&A tienen en el escenario económico moderno totalmente globalizado, donde hay muchos mercados muy maduro donde el crecimiento inorgánico de las empresas es fundamental para el éxito, y en muchos casos la sobrevivencia, de las mismas. Muchas empresas Europa miran fuera de Europa para seguir creciendo, ya que el mercado Europeo es en muchos casos muy estancado, así mismo muchas empresas extra europeas miran a Europa como ocasión de crecimiento. Si esta última situación hasta la fecha se ha dado de forma principal por empresas Estadounidenses, en el futuro se dará por realidades que de momento consideramos como nuestro “territorio de conquista”. No hay que olvidar que hoy en día el eje atlántico, Europa - Américas, ya ha sido superado por el eje pacifico, Américas – Asia, en cuanto a volúmenes de negocio y comercios. En este entorno, de mercados siempre más maduros y competitivos, si bien una estrategia de coste pura no puede ser la única solución, sí es necesario cuidar esta faceta. En el trabajo he revisado desde el principio hasta el final, todas los aspectos involucrados en un proceso de adquisición o fusión. He valorado por un lado los aspectos más generales y estratégico, es decir porque se plantea una posible adquisición, las motivaciones validadas y las que lo son menos y los tipos de M&A existentes. Por otra parte, he entrado más en el detalle operativo de este tipo de operaciones y he detallado cómo funciona la valoración de una empresa y las posibles aproximaciones, cómo se estructura el proceso de compra/venta y finalmente cómo se financian estas operaciones. Resultado final de este trabajo es un modelo para PYMES a utilizar en la valoración de empresas de cara a la adquisición. Así que tras detallar los conceptos que he considerado importante en un proceso de M&A, he formalizado en una herramienta de soporte en los siguientes ejes: - ¿Mi empresa necesita empezar un proceso de M&A? - ¿Tengo toda la información necesaria de la empresa/activo objetivo para hacer una buena valoración? - ¿Cómo encaja la empresa/activo objetivo con mi empresa?

Modelo de análisis organizativo para la mejora del desempeño de empresas sociales

La empresa social es un modelo organizativo que presenta un interesante potencial para resolver problemáticas sociales. La empresa social ha despertado interés tanto en países industrializados como en economías en vías de desarrollo porque representa un modelo dentro del capitalismo que persigue objetivos sociales mediante la realización de actividades de mercado (compra y venta de productos y/o servicios principalmente). A pesar de sus raíces lejanas en el tiempo se trata de un campo de conocimiento relativamente joven, donde la literatura académica presenta escasez de estudios empíricos. El desarrollo teórico para buscar claridad conceptual ha sido el principal caballo de batalla de los últimos años, y por tanto, se ha prestado poca atención a generar evidencias sobre cómo funcionan las empresas sociales y sobre sus claves de su éxito. Se considera que la mejora en la comprensión de este modelo organizativo pasa por la construcción de herramientas para que académicos y practicantes mejoren su conocimiento sobre los mecanismos internos de las empresas sociales. En este contexto nace la presente tesis doctoral sobre empresa social, que tiene por objetivo la creación de un marco de análisis que permita el estudio de las empresas sociales desde una dimensión organizativa, es decir, que aborde los elementos clave que describen el funcionamiento de este tipo de organizaciones. Para ello, en este trabajo se aborda la construcción del modelo para el análisis organizativo de las empresas sociales a partir del análisis semántico de las 45 principales definiciones de empresa social. A partir de este análisis se identifican dos dimensiones de análisis de la empresa social: -Cuatro principios, comunes a todas las manifestaciones del fenómeno, que recogen la esencia del concepto. -Ocho elementos organizativos específicos de la empresa social que describen la forma en la que cada iniciativa se implementa en un contexto determinado. Es decir, elementos de diseño presentes en diferente medida que dan lugar a tipologías de empresa social diferentes. Estos elementos son: la proposición de valor social, la búsqueda de impacto a largo plazo, la cultura organizativa, la conexión con los beneficiarios, el liderazgo emprendedor y los mecanismos de gobernanza, el ecosistema colaborativo, la estrategia empresarial y la orientación a la autosuficiencia económica. A partir de este marco de análisis, se construyen dos herramientas de diagnóstico que permiten su aplicación al estudio de empresas sociales: una tabla de indicadores para el análisis externo (por parte de un investigador ajeno a la organización) y un cuestionario de diagnóstico para el análisis interno (a través del personal de la empresa social objeto de estudio). Las herramientas intentan dar respuesta a la necesidad de desarrollar constructos para el estudio empírico de las empresas sociales. Para analizar la utilidad del modelo y de las herramientas se llevaron a cabo tres estudios de caso: -La empresa social ACCIONA Microenergía Perú que proporciona energía eléctrica a comunidades rurales aisladas en la región peruana de Cajamarca. -La empresa social Integra-e que propone un mecanismo de inserción socio-laboral en Madrid para jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión a través de la formación en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). -Un conjunto de redes de telecentros pertenecientes a la red LAC de la fundación Telecentres.org que proporcionan acceso a servicios de información (Internet entre otros) en diferentes países de Latinoamérica. La aplicación de las herramientas mostró ser útil en los tres estudios de caso para obtener una relación de evidencias con las que analizar la proximidad de una organización al ideal de empresa social. El ejercicio de análisis también resultó interesante como ejercicio reflexivo para las entidades participantes. Los resultados del cuestionario fueron especialmente interesantes en los telecentros de la Fundación Telecentre.org ya que al ser un estudio multicaso se pudo realizar un rico análisis estadístico sobre el funcionamiento de los telecentros y su desempeño. El estudio permitió identificar relaciones interesantes entre los ocho elementos de diseño del modelo propuesto y el desempeño de la organización. En particular, se detectó que para todos los casos estudiados: -La dimensión económica es la componente del desempeño que mayor desafíos plantea. -La existencia de una alta correlación entre el desempeño y siete de los ocho elementos organizativos del modelo. -La importancia de la cultura organizativa como elemento que explica el desempeño global de la organización y la satisfacción de los empleados. El campo de la empresa social presenta importantes retos de futuro, como la claridad conceptual, el desarrollo de estudios empíricos y la medida de su impacto social. El conocimiento de las claves organizativas puede ayudar a diseñar empresas sociales más robustas o a que organizaciones con fines sociales que no se basan en mecanismos de mercado consideren la posibilidad de incorporar éstos en su estrategia. ABSTRACT Social enterprise is an organizational model with a strong potential to help solving social problems. Recently, interest for the model has risen in both industrialized and developing countries because it is organized to achieve altruistic or social goals through market activities (mainly sales of products and services). Despite its historic roots, it is a relatively young field of research, where academic literature has little empirical data to accompany the theoretical development of social enterprise. Conceptual clarification has been the main challenge during the recent years, and there has been little attention given to generate evidence on how social enterprises operate and their keys to success. Progress in empirical study involves the construction of tools for researchers, in order to increase understanding of the internal mechanisms of social enterprises. This thesis aims to create a conceptual framework to study social enterprises from an organizational point of view, by analyzing the key elements that explain the operation and organization of this organizational model. The framework for the organizational analysis of social enterprises was built supported by the semantic analysis of 45 main definitions of social enterprise. The framework is divided into two dimensions: -There are four principles which capture the essence of the social enterprise concept, and are present in the manifestations of cases. -There are eight design elements which help analyze the characteristics of each particular social enterprise initiative: the social value proposition, social impact orientation, organizational culture, links to beneficiaries, entrepreneurial leadership, collaborative ecosystem, entrepreneurial strategy and orientation to economic self-sufficiency. Two diagnostic tools were developed to apply the framework to case studies: a scoreboard of indicators (to be used by the researcher during external analysis of the organization) and a questionnaire (to be answered by the social enterprise staff). The dissertation undertakes the study of three case studies: -ACCIONA Microenergia Peru, a social enterprise that provides electricity to isolated rural communities in the Peruvian region of Cajamarca. -Integra-e, a social enterprise located in Madrid that promotes socioprofessional integration of young people through training in ICT. -A sample of telecenters of the LAC network that provide access to information services (such as Internet) in Latin America. Applying the tools proved to be useful in all three cases, because it helped to obtain evidence to compare the proximity of an organization to an ideal type of social enterprise. In all the cases studied, the economic sustainability proved to be the biggest challenge for the organizations. The application of the questionnaire to the telecenters was especially informative because it was a multicase study which provided a rich statistical analysis on the performance of call centers. The study identified unique relationships between the model elements and the organziation performance. A statistical analysis shows a high correlation between performance and seven organizational elements described in the model. The organizational culture seems to be an important factor in explaining the overall organizational performance and employee satisfaction. The field of social enterprise has significant future challenges -such as conceptual clarity, the development of empirical studies and social impact assessment. A deep understanding of key organizational aspects of social enterprises can help in the design of more robust organizations and to bring success to social-purpose organizations.