917 resultados para Elementos traços na nutrição de plantas


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Among the edaphic factors, those related to acidity are the ones that affect productivity, especially in tropical regions. For culture the Annonaceae, no research results that indicate the proper base saturation, nor the determination of doses, times, application methods and sources of nutrients for orchards Annonaceae in training and production in order to promote sustainability and higher yields. Given the importance and potential of commercial exploitation of Annonaceae in Brazil and, considering the limited available scientific information on liming, fertilization and nutrition of fruit plants of this family, some research has to be carried out urgently due to the effects of nutrients on productivity, fruit quality, post-harvest, tolerance to pests and diseases, etc.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Due to the high supply and its attractive cost, the poultry litter has been used in the southwestern region of Parana to the improvement of soil fertility seeking greater production of grains and pastures. However, the use without technical knowledge can minimize the benefits of poultry litter or even cause undesirable effects on soil, environmental pollution and also productivity losses in the used crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different times of poultry litter application, predating the winter crop, associated with increasing levels, about soil chemical properties, release of nutrients and crop performances in four consecutive years (2011-2014). In the first three years the experimental design was randomized blocks with a split plot system and four replications. In the main plots were tested four poultry litter application times preceding the wheat production: 0, 15, 30 and 45 days before sowing (DAS); in the subplots were applied four poultry litter levels (wet basis): 0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg ha-1. Last year one more subdivision of plots was done, evaluating the use or not of nitrogen in coverage in wheat, at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The wheat cultivar used in the four years was the BRS 220. In three years it was evaluated the residual effect on soybean production (cultivar - BMX Turbo RR) and in one year on the beans. The chemical soil attributes were evaluated at four depths 0-2,5cm, 2,5-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm, and also the rate of decomposition and nutrient release of poultry litter and the crop productivity. The different times of application concerning the poultry litter had little influence on the studied variables, demonstrating that the producer does not need to have a specific date (before planting) to the application of poultry litter. Potassium was fully released 60 days after the allocation of litter bags into the field; for nitrogen and phosphorus the release was slower. The use of increasing levels of poultry litter increased the levels of various soil elements, highlighting the potassium which reached 20 cm deep in the second year of evaluation. The increase in pH and in the base saturation occurred only in the upper layers, while the phosphorus reached 10 cm deep in the third year of the study. It was observed increased pH and base saturation. The use of increasing doses of poultry litter contributed to the wheat plant nutrition, significantly increasing the weight of a thousand grains, and the grain yield of wheat in all the evaluated years; the nitrogen fertilization in coverage also had significant effect for the fourth evaluated year. Also there was a significant response from the residual effect of poultry litter for crops planted in summer for both soybeans and beans.

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2016

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A atividade e a biomassa microbiana foram avaliadas em solo suplementado com diferentes doses e tipos de lodo de esgoto. Solo com fertilização mineral foi usado como controle. O solo suplementado com o lodo de Barueri apresentou maiores conteúdos de metais que o solo que recebeu o lodo de Franca. A biomassa microbiana foi maior no solo tratado com o lodo de Franca. Maiores valores de qCO2 e menores valores da razão Cmic/Corg foram encontrados no solo suplementado com o lodo de Barueri. Tais parâmetros correlacionaram-se, respectivamente, de forma positiva e negativa com os teores de metais no solo sugerindo um efeito estressante destes elementos na microbiota do solo.

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A Serra Gaúcha produz 247.135 t de uvas Americanas (Vitis Labrusca) e sua principal doença é o Míldio (Plasmopara viticola). Um dos principais fungicidas utilizados para as uvas americanas é a Calda Bordalesa [(CuSO4 5H2 O + Ca (OH)2)], o uso indiscriminado deste fungicida causa um aumento da concentração de Cobre no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial das plantas, que habitam solos sob vinhedo, de mitigar a contaminação por cobre. O trabalho foi realizado em um vinhedo de aproximadamente 0,66 ha localizado na EMBRAPA Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil (Latitude 29º 09? 44? S e Longitude 51º 31?50?W). O vinhedo foi dividido em duas partes, Neossolo Litólico e Cambissolo Húmico. Em cada um dos diferentes solos foram feitas 10 amostragens (parcelas), de 1m2. Após a coleta, as amostras foram analisadas para determinação de Cu. Com as quantidades de Cu na parte aérea e raízes e a massa seca das mesmas foram calculadas as médias das concentrações para cada espécies e foi possível a determinação da quantidade de Cu absorvido pela parte aérea e da raiz. Os resultados mostraram que não foram encontradas plantas hiperacumuladoras na área e todas as plantas têm concentração de Cu acima dos valores ditos como tóxicos. Entre a população de plantas que habitam as áreas, a que mais extrai cobre do solo é a Setaria sp., extraindo 0,56 e 0,70 mg, respectivamente no Neossolo e Cambissolo.