陕西壳斗科植物新类群

在大量野外调查和标本整理的基础上 ,作者对陕西省壳斗科植物的分类与分布进行了系统研究。本文报道了新变种 3个 :太白槲栎 (QuercusalienaBl.var.taibaiensisW .H .Zhang)、陕西槲栎 (QuercusalienaBl.var.shaanxiensisW .H .Zhang)、星毛木包栎 (QuercusglanduliferaBl.var.stel latopilosaW .H .Zhang) ;新组合 2个 :城口青冈 (Cyclobalanopsisfargesii(Franch .)S.Z.QuetW .H .Zhang)、粉背青冈 (Cyclobalanopsishypargy rae(Seem .)W .H .Zhang) ;陕西省分布新记录 3个 :多穗石栎 (LithocarpuspolystachyusRehd.)、大叶栎 (QuercusgriffithiiHook.f.etThoms.)、长叶木包栎 (QuercusmonnulaY .C .HsuetH .W .Jen) ;同时 ,澄清了木包栎 (Q .glanduliferaBl.)命名上的一些问题

Framingham Heart Study 100K project: genome-wide associations for cardiovascular disease outcomes

BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its most common manifestations - including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF) - are major causes of morbidity and mortality. In many industrialized countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD) claims more lives each year than any other disease. Heart disease and stroke are the first and third leading causes of death in the United States. Prior investigations have reported several single gene variants associated with CHD, stroke, HF, and AF. We report a community-based genome-wide association study of major CVD outcomes.METHODS:In 1345 Framingham Heart Study participants from the largest 310 pedigrees (54% women, mean age 33 years at entry), we analyzed associations of 70,987 qualifying SNPs (Affymetrix 100K GeneChip) to four major CVD outcomes: major atherosclerotic CVD (n = 142; myocardial infarction, stroke, CHD death), major CHD (n = 118; myocardial infarction, CHD death), AF (n = 151), and HF (n = 73). Participants free of the condition at entry were included in proportional hazards models. We analyzed model-based deviance residuals using generalized estimating equations to test associations between SNP genotypes and traits in additive genetic models restricted to autosomal SNPs with minor allele frequency [greater than or equal to]0.10, genotype call rate [greater than or equal to]0.80, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p-value [greater than or equal to] 0.001.RESULTS:Six associations yielded p <10-5. The lowest p-values for each CVD trait were as follows: major CVD, rs499818, p = 6.6 x 10-6; major CHD, rs2549513, p = 9.7 x 10-6; AF, rs958546, p = 4.8 x 10-6; HF: rs740363, p = 8.8 x 10-6. Of note, we found associations of a 13 Kb region on chromosome 9p21 with major CVD (p 1.7 - 1.9 x 10-5) and major CHD (p 2.5 - 3.5 x 10-4) that confirm associations with CHD in two recently reported genome-wide association studies. Also, rs10501920 in CNTN5 was associated with AF (p = 9.4 x 10-6) and HF (p = 1.2 x 10-4). Complete results for these phenotypes can be found at the dbgap website http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007.CONCLUSION:No association attained genome-wide significance, but several intriguing findings emerged. Notably, we replicated associations of chromosome 9p21 with major CVD. Additional studies are needed to validate these results. Finding genetic variants associated with CVD may point to novel disease pathways and identify potential targeted preventive therapies.

Genome-wide association study for subclinical atherosclerosis in major arterial territories in the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study

INTRODUCTION:Subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) measures in multiple arterial beds are heritable phenotypes that are associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SCA measurements in the community-based Framingham Heart Study.METHODS:Over 100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped (Human 100K GeneChip, Affymetrix) in 1345 subjects from 310 families. We calculated sex-specific age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted residuals in subjects tested for quantitative SCA phenotypes, including ankle-brachial index, coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcification using multi-detector computed tomography, and carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) using carotid ultrasonography. We evaluated associations of these phenotypes with 70,987 autosomal SNPs with minor allele frequency [greater than or equal to] 0.10, call rate [greater than or equal to] 80%, and Hardy-Weinberg p-value [greater than or equal to] 0.001 in samples ranging from 673 to 984 subjects, using linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) methodology and family-based association testing (FBAT). Variance components LOD scores were also calculated.RESULTS:There was no association result meeting criteria for genome-wide significance, but our methods identified 11 SNPs with p < 10-5 by GEE and five SNPs with p < 10-5 by FBAT for multivariable-adjusted phenotypes. Among the associated variants were SNPs in or near genes that may be considered candidates for further study, such as rs1376877 (GEE p < 0.000001, located in ABI2) for maximum internal carotid artery IMT and rs4814615 (FBAT p = 0.000003, located in PCSK2) for maximum common carotid artery IMT. Modest significant associations were noted with various SCA phenotypes for variants in previously reported atherosclerosis candidate genes, including NOS3 and ESR1. Associations were also noted of a region on chromosome 9p21 with CAC phenotypes that confirm associations with coronary heart disease and CAC in two recently reported genome-wide association studies. In linkage analyses, several regions of genome-wide linkage were noted, confirming previously reported linkage of internal carotid artery IMT on chromosome 12. All GEE, FBAT and linkage results are provided as an open-access results resource at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007.CONCLUSION:The results from this GWAS generate hypotheses regarding several SNPs that may be associated with SCA phenotypes in multiple arterial beds. Given the number of tests conducted, subsequent independent replication in a staged approach is essential to identify genetic variants that may be implicated in atherosclerosis.

An Investigation into the Efficacy of a pH-Sensitive Material for Milk Spoilage Detection

Ambiguous expiration dates on milk cartons can mislead consumers into prematurely disposing unspoiled milk and potentially drinking spoiled milk. These misconceptions can lead to wastage that harms the environment, or potential discomfort and illness. The incorporation of pH-sensitive indicators into plastic milk cartons has the potential to replace stamped expiration dates as the traditional method of milk spoilage indication. We studied the correlation between bacteria count and milk pH to establish pH measurement as an effective indicator of milk quality. We then developed a method for incorporating bromothymol blue, a pH-sensitive color-changing dye, into a hydrogel made of polyacrylamide. This hydrogel can be added to existing packaging for milk or other products with detectable pH changes. Additionally, we conducted a consumer survey and analyzed current food packaging trends in the market. Our research indicates that a spoilage-indicating milk carton could have strong market potential as food industries increasingly adopt intelligent packaging designs.

DEAD-box helicase DP103 defines metastatic potential of human breast cancers

Despite advancement in breast cancer treatment, 30% of patients with early breast cancers experience relapse with distant metastasis. It is a challenge to identify patients at risk for relapse; therefore, the identification of markers and therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancers is imperative. Here, we identified DP103 as a biomarker and metastasis-driving oncogene in human breast cancers and determined that DP103 elevates matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) levels, which are associated with metastasis and invasion through activation of NF-κB. In turn, NF-κB signaling positively activated DP103 expression. Furthermore, DP103 enhanced TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) phosphorylation of NF-κB-activating IκB kinase 2 (IKK2), leading to increased NF-κB activity. Reduction of DP103 expression in invasive breast cancer cells reduced phosphorylation of IKK2, abrogated NF-κB-mediated MMP9 expression, and impeded metastasis in a murine xenograft model. In breast cancer patient tissues, elevated levels of DP103 correlated with enhanced MMP9, reduced overall survival, and reduced survival after relapse. Together, these data indicate that a positive DP103/NF-κB feedback loop promotes constitutive NF-κB activation in invasive breast cancers and activation of this pathway is linked to cancer progression and the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, our results suggest that DP103 has potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.

Euroopan unionin sotilaallinen kriisinhallinta vuonna 2030

Tulevaisuuden tutkimus on vielä nuori ja Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulun opinnäytetöissä suhteellisen vähän käytetty tutkimuksen ala. Se on kuitenkin merkittävä osa strategista suunnittelua ja johtamista, mikä tekee siitä myös merkittävän tutkimussuuntauksen puolustusvoimien toiminnan kannalta. Tämän Pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on arvioida tulevaisuudentutkimuksen tarjoamien menetelmien avulla Euroopan unionin sotilaallisen kriisinhallinnan kehittymistä vuoteen 2030 asti. Tutkimuksen tutkimusongelmana on: ”Mitä Euroopan unionin sotilaallinen kriisinhallinta on vuonna 2030?” Tutkimusongelman lisäksi vastaan tutkimuksessa kahteen tutkimuskysymykseen, jotka ovat: ”Minkälaisia tulevaisuusskenaarioita on mahdollista rakentaa Euroopan unionin sotilaalliseen kriisinhallintaan liittyen?” sekä ”Millaiset tekijät vaikuttavat Euroopan unionin sotilaallisen kriisinhallinnan kehittämiseen?” Tutkimuskysymysten avulla pyrin saamaan vastauksen tutkimusongelmaan. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytän tulevaisuudentutkimuksen menetelmiin kuuluvaa skenaariomenetelmää. Skenaarioiden rakentamisen apumetodina käytän tulevaisuustaulukkoa. Tutkimuksessa käyttämäni tulevaisuustaulukko koostuu kuudesta Euroopan unionin toimintaympäristöä sekä sen sisäistä kehitystä kuvaavasta muuttujasta, joille kullekin on asetettu kolme eriävää muuttujan tulevaisuutta kuvaavaa arvoa. Päädyin käyttämään tutkimuksessa taulukkometodia koska se mahdollistaa laajan aihealueen hallitun käsittelyn sekä monipuolisten skenaarioiden rakentamisen. Taulukon avulla rakennan viisi unionin sotilaallisen kriisinhallinnan kehittymisen kannalta oleellista toimintaympäristöä kuvaavaa skenaariota. Näiden skenaarioiden perusteella rakennan edelleen viisi erilaista unionin sotilaallisen kriisinhallinnan kehityksen suuntaa kuvaavaa vaihtoehtoa.Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on Euroopan unionin sotilaallisen kriisinhallinnan nykytila, jonka muutosta tarkkailen eri skenaarioiden antamien perusteiden mukaisesti. Tutkimusaineistona käy-tän ainoastaan julkista lähdemateriaalia. Aihealuetta lähestyn strategian ja kansainvälisen politii-kan tutkimuksen näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että Euroopan unionin kriisinhallinnan tulevaisuuden kehittymiseen vai-kuttavat merkittävästi sekä unioni-valtioiden sisäisten että ulkoisten suhteiden kehittyminen. Eri-tyisen merkittävänä unionin ulkopuolisena vaikuttajana tulee tulevaisuudessakin säilymään Yh-dysvallat. Taulukkometodin käyttöön liittyen selvisi, että muuttujien sekä muuttujien kehitysarvo-jen määrän rajallisuus vaikuttaa tutkimustuloksen luotettavuuteen. Samalla kuitenkin huomasin myös, että laajassa tulevaisuudentutkimuksessa kohteen käsittely on rajattava kurinalaisesti, jotta tutkimusmetodin tarkoitus täyttyy. Metodin käyttöön liittyen on myös huomioitava, että muuttuji-en valinta saattaa vaikuttaa suoranaisesti tutkimustulokseen. Kaikkien tutkimuksessa esittämieni Euroopan unionin sotilaallisen kriisinhallinnan kehityssuuntia vuonna 2030 kuvaavien vaihtoehtojen toteutuminen on mahdollista. Muita todennäköisimmiksi osoittautui kuitenkin kaksi vaihtoehtoa. Toinen vaihtoehdoista kuvaa EU:n sotilaallisen kriisin-hallinnan hillityn kehityksen jatkumista myös tulevaisuudessa ja toinen unionin kriisinhallinnan painopisteen siirtymistä perinteiseen rauhanturvaamiseen ja siviilikriisinhallintaan.

Ouvrages médicaux.

Harkasi fu

Ouvrages médicaux.

Harkasi fu

Maple Leaf Mills Records 1955, 1960-1964, 1975-1987, 1989, n.d.

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)

McKinnon Columbus Chain Limited Records 1948, 1958-1960, 1963-1969, 1971, 1974-1975, 1978, n.d.

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)

Scott Misener Steamships Co. Ltd. Records, 1965, 1967, 1972-1977, 1987, n.d.

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)

Niagara Parks Commision Records 1947-1990, n.d. (non-inclusive)

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)