Fully 3D refraction correction dosimetry system

The irradiation of selective regions in a polymer gel dosimeter results in an increase in optical density and refractive index (RI) at those regions. An optical tomography-based dosimeter depends on rayline path through the dosimeter to estimate and reconstruct the dose distribution. The refraction of light passing through a dose region results in artefacts in the reconstructed images. These refraction errors are dependant on the scanning geometry and collection optics. We developed a fully 3D image reconstruction algorithm, algebraic reconstruction technique-refraction correction (ART-rc) that corrects for the refractive index mismatches present in a gel dosimeter scanner not only at the boundary, but also for any rayline refraction due to multiple dose regions inside the dosimeter. In this study, simulation and experimental studies have been carried out to reconstruct a 3D dose volume using 2D CCD measurements taken for various views. The study also focuses on the effectiveness of using different refractive-index matching media surrounding the gel dosimeter. Since the optical density is assumed to be low for a dosimeter, the filtered backprojection is routinely used for reconstruction. We carry out the reconstructions using conventional algebraic reconstruction (ART) and refractive index corrected ART (ART-rc) algorithms. The reconstructions based on FDK algorithm for cone-beam tomography has also been carried out for comparison. Line scanners and point detectors, are used to obtain reconstructions plane by plane. The rays passing through dose region with a RI mismatch does not reach the detector in the same plane depending on the angle of incidence and RI. In the fully 3D scanning setup using 2D array detectors, light rays that undergo refraction are still collected and hence can still be accounted for in the reconstruction algorithm. It is found that, for the central region of the dosimeter, the usable radius using ART-rc algorithm with water as RI matched medium is 71.8%, an increase of 6.4% compared to that achieved using conventional ART algorithm. Smaller diameter dosimeters are scanned with dry air scanning by using a wide-angle lens that collects refracted light. The images reconstructed using cone beam geometry is seen to deteriorate in some planes as those regions are not scanned. Refraction correction is important and needs to be taken in to consideration to achieve quantitatively accurate dose reconstructions. Refraction modeling is crucial in array based scanners as it is not possible to identify refracted rays in the sinogram space.

生命体能量代谢过程中的电子传递与光合作用中电子传递反应的化学模拟的ESR研究

本文采用电子自旋共振ESR方法，结合运用自旋捕捉技术（Spin Trapping-ESR）和时间分辨手段(TRESR)，针对某些与生命能量代谢体系电子传递及其化学模拟反应的研究相关的几个重要问题(包括高等植物光系统II颗粒内超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)的产生机制、光合作用模型体系电子传递和跨膜电子传递反应动力学、传统中药有效成分提取物抗氧化分子机理与构效关系），从分子设计、实验方法、分子结构理论、反应机理与动力学分析等几个角度进行了较为系统的探索性研究，并获得以下几点新颖的研究成果： 1．光系统II颗粒内光抑制过程中O2-生成的分子机制 (1)．首先，发展了新Spin Trapping-ESR技术，研制一系列性能优良的新型磷酰基取代的吡咯啉类活性氧自旋捕捉剂，并通过对比研究其捕捉性能，证明磷酰基取代的吡咯啉类捕捉剂比常用的DMPO捕捉剂的捕捉能力强、速度快，自由基加合物稳定性高，适合于光系统II体系中活性氧的研究。 (2)．在PSII颗粒的光抑制过程中成功地检测到了O2-，并探讨了影响O2-产生的诸多因素。包括氧分子的浓度、1O2增强剂与淬灭剂、pH值效应、电子传递链阻断剂的影响。首次提出了O2-生成的分子机制：PSII颗粒中产生的O2-是光系统II中反应中心产生的1O2与次级电子受体QA形成的质子化半醌自由基反应的产物。此外，设计了一套化学模拟体系，进一步证明了02-的生成的分子机制。 2. 中国传统性中药的酚类提取物抗氧化剂的抗氧化分子机理与构效关系研究 用理论计算与实验结合的手段，研究了酚类抗氧化剂与02的反应。探讨了酚类抗氧化物的分子结构与其抗氧化活性的构效关系，为评价抗氧化剂的抗氧化能力提供了一定的依据。 3．有关光合作用模型体系电子传递和跨膜电子传递反应动力学的探索性基础研究 (1)．对原有的电子自旋共振谱仪进行改造，自行设计并研制一套时间分辨ESR装置，时间分辨率达到准微秒级。 (2)．利用时间分辨ESR装置，对C60及其环加成衍生物分子间和分子内光诱导电子转移反应的自由基复合过程动力学进行了研究，从分子结构角度分析了影响电荷分离态稳定性的因素。 (3)．初步探讨了TPP／DODAC与HA／DODAC两种单层囊泡间的光诱导电子转移反应，获得了长寿命的电荷分离态，为光合作用模拟提供有价值的模型。 (4)．通过对比研究mes-卟啉Ⅱ／苯醌／CH。OH的化学诱导动态核自旋态极化( CIDNP)和ESR波谱，提出一个激发态苯醌与质子给体间的光诱导氢转移自由基反应新机理。

导电聚合物薄膜修饰电极的电化学ESR研究

本论文侧重用现场及非现场的光谱电化学方法研究导电聚合物的电聚合过程及聚合物薄膜修饰甲极的氧化-还原行为。用现场的ESR电化学研究了二苯胺的电聚合过程；用现场的可见光谱电化学及非现场的低温ESR研究了同多酸及杂多酸掺杂的聚吡咯薄膜的氧化-还原行为，同时对磷铜酸掺杂的聚吡咯薄膜电极的制备方法及聚合物薄膜修饰电极的电催化性能作了较为细致研究。

Synthesis, photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and dosimetry properties of novel phosphor KSr4(BO3)(3):Ce

Polycrystalline powder sample of KSr4(BO3)(3) was synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction. The influence of different rare earth dopants, i.e. Tb3+, TM3+ and Ce3+, on thermoluminescence (TL) of KSr4(BO3)(3) Phosphor was discussed. The TL, photoluminescence (PL) and some dosimetric properties of Ce3+-activated KSr4(BO3)(3) phosphor were studied. The effect of the concentration of Ce3+ on TL intensity was investigated and the result showed that the optimum Ce3+ concentration was 0.2 mol%. The TL kinetic parameters of KSr4(BO3)(3):0.002 Ce3+ phosphor were calculated by computer glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method. Characteristic emission peaking at about 407 and 383 nm due to the 4f(0)5d(1) -> F-2((5/2),(7/2)) transitions of Ce3+ ion were observed both in PL and three-dimensional (3D) TL spectra. The dose-response of KSr4(BO3)(3):0.002 Ce3+ to gamma-ray was linear in the range from 1 to 1000 mGy. In addition, the decay of the TL intensity of KSr4(BO3)(3):0.002 Ce3+ was also investigated.

ESR数据系统的研制

报道了电子自旋磁共振谱仪与ＩＢＭＰＣ微型机联用，建立了所需要的硬件系统，包括接口和放大器，研制了分辨率为１２位的ＡＤ／ＤＡ转换器，达到同步采样控制，并实现了Ｘ－Ｙ记录仪，示波器，绘图仪与打印机的输出，同时系统软件配有信号采样、信号累加、信号平滑、谱线加减、测量ｇ因子及Ａ值，ＥＳＲ谱的一、二次积分等一系列数据处理程序，还具有谱线模拟、线形分析等一些应用软件，对于谱的定量和解析极为方便，大大提高了谱仪的功能.

ESR approach to free radicals trapped in irradiated polyamide-1010

Two types of macromolecular free radicals similar to CH2CONH(C) over dotHCH(2) similar to (a) and similar to CH2(C) over dot = O (b) trapped in irradiated polyamide-1010 (PA1010) and PA1010 filled with neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) were characterized by an ESR approach. It is found that (a) is prevailingly trapped in the fold surface of the lamellae and (b) in the amorphous phase. This result suggests that trapped radicals mainly exist in the non-crystalline phases. The effect of the fold surface area of the lamellae on the behavior of the trapped radicals is discussed in this paper. Whether for the specimens with similar crystallinities, but different crystallite sizes, or for those with the same concentration of neodymium oxide, but different crystallinities, radical (a) exists dominantly in the specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. Under certain circumstances, radical (a) can transform into radical (b), obviously for a specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. It means that the fold surface area of the lamellae plays an important role in the transformation of radical (a) to (b). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.