91 resultados para ERASURE


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Cette thèse analyse le corps dystopique dans La Servante Ecarlate. Elle vise à examiner les façons dont le pouvoir masculiniste subjugue les servantes à travers l'objectivation et l'effacement de leur corps, puis à analyser le corps féminin comme un élément perturbateur, un site où se produit une constante subversion du pouvoir tout au long du roman. L'introduction offre une brève discussion sur la raison derrière le choix de La Servante Ecarlate comme une étude de cas, qui est dans le but de développer le concept du corps dystopique à partir d'un point de vue féministe. Elle délimite aussi mon argument sur le corps dystopique et le pouvoir. Le premier chapitre intitulé ‟Perspectives Critiques” présente une revue critique de la littérature, introduit ma contribution à l'étude du roman, et expose mes arguments sur l'utopie féministe, la dystopie, le corps dystopique et la circulation du pouvoir. Dans le deuxième chapitre intitulé ‟Le Corps Dystopique” je démontre que la dystopie dans une certaine mesure est déjà profondément enracinée dans le présent. Cette section se concentre sur les différents aspects de la dystopie principalement la reproduction, la sexualité, la surveillance et le code vestimentaire tout en étudiant leur impact sur le corps de la servante. Ces aspects sont abordés en détail dans des sous-chapitres séparés. Le dernier chapitre intitulé ‟La Subversion du Pouvoir” examine dans un premier lieu le mode d'échange de pouvoir entre le commandant et son épouse Serena Joy. Il étudie les façons dont chacun des personnages se positionne par rapport au pouvoir afin d’exploiter le corps d’Offred. Puis, il examine l'ironie qui se cache derrière le jeu de pouvoir constant dans le roman, dévoilant ainsi la perpétuation de la dystopie corporelle étant donné que le corps de la femme ne cesse d'être l'objet de la lutte. Ce travail étudie l'expérience corporelle de la femme dans un régime totalitaire et les façons dont le corps féminin devient dystopique. Il présente le corps féminin comme la proie des hommes et des femmes, et la dystopie comme étroitement dépendante et générée par la conception de ce corps dans la société de Gilead. Mots clés: Dystopie, Corps, Pouvoir, Féminisme, Ironie, Margaret Atwood

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Cette thèse analyse l’articulation de l’expérience de la perte d’expérience à laquelle donnent lieu les dictatures et les post-dictatures au Chili et en Argentine dans Lumpérica (1983) de Diamela Eltit, Los planetas (1999) de Sergio Chejfec, et Los rubios (2003) d’Albertina Carri. Les dernières dictatures militaires dans le Cône sud latino-américain imposent ou préparent le terrain pour l’implantation d’un nouvel ordre néolibéral qui s’intensifie sous les régimes démocratiques postérieurs. Au cours de cette transition, le terrorisme d’État au moyen duquel les gouvernements militaires visent à éliminer toute forme de résistance à la reconfiguration de la société nécessaire à la mise en place de politiques néolibérales, donne lieu à une expérience inédite, difficile à communiquer. De plus, autant les dictatures que les démocraties post-dictatoriales mettent en oeuvre des mécanismes d’oubli du passé, soit par la répression, le consensus politique ou les moyens de communication de masse. C’est dans ce contexte que l’expérience disparaît. Le questionnement sur l’expérience de la perte d’expérience est basé principalement sur deux axes théoriques: le concept de transition de l’État au Marché dans le Cône sud latino-américain développé par des intellectuels tels que Willy Thayer, Idelber Avelar ou Brett Levinson, parmi d’autres, ainsi que sur les réflexions sur l’expérience dictatoriale de Sergio Rojas et sur la crise de l’expérience dans la modernité de Walter Benjamin. Le premier chapitre, dédié à Lumpérica, interprète le rituel nocturne où la protagoniste, une femme appelée L. Iluminada, séduit le protagoniste masculin du roman, un panneau électrique appelé “el luminoso” qui projette des messages publicitaires au milieu d’une place publique de Santiago, pour que celui-ci la blesse et marque sa peau, comme la mise en scène d’un “désir photographique” de garder une empreinte de la transition que d’autres moyens de communication tendent à effacer. Le deuxième chapitre traite de la figuration de l’excès dans Los planetas et analyse comment l’écriture, la photographie et l’espace urbain, en assumant une fonction de suppléments de la voix et de la présence de M, séquestré et disparu pendant la dictature argentine, rendent compte de l’expérience de la perte de l’expérience d’une plénitude. Après avoir exposé le rôle des jouets dans la polémique générée par Los rubios, le troisième chapitre analyse comment le film de Carri sur la mémoire de ses parents disparus transmet l’expérience des générations post-dictatoriales et fait face à l’héritage du passé par le jeu.

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Zusammenfassung: Ziel der Arbeit ist den Sinn von Schauder philosophisch zu erhellen. An einem Einzelphänomen, wie es so bisher nicht behandelt wurde, wird zugleich das Geflecht von Affekt/Emotion/Gefühl, gestützt auf Hegel, Heidegger, Husserl, Freud und Lacan, in immer neuen Ansätzen kritisch reflektiert und Zug um Zug mit Derrida dekonstruiert. In einem Textverfahren, das sich auch grafisch durch gegenübergestellte Kolumnen auszeichnet, werden heterogene Ansätze zum Sinn von Schauder mit dekonstruktivistischen Einsichten konfrontiert. Die Ansätze, Schauder über Datum, Begriff, Phänomen oder Strukturelement bestimmen zu wollen, durchdringen sich dabei mit denjenigen, die sich einer solchen Bestimmung entziehen (Hegels Negativität, Heideggers Seinsentzug oder Lacans Signifikantenmangel). Am Fokus Schauder, an dem sich das Fiktive einer mit sich selbst identischen Präsenz besonders eindringlich darstellt, werden so spezifische Aporien der Metaphysik der Präsenz entfaltet und die Geschlossenheit logozentristischer Systeme in die Bewegung einer anderen Öffnung und Schließung im Sinn der Schrift bzw. des allgemeinen Textes transformiert. Neben der différance, dem Entzug der Metapher, dem Supplement und dem Gespenstischen stützt sich die Arbeit auf die Iterabilität, bei der im selben Zug die Identität des Sinns gestiftet und zerstreut wird (Dissemination). Im Kapitel Piloerection werden Ambivalenzen und Paradoxien des Schauders am Beispiel von computergestützten empirisch-psychologischen Studien aufgezeigt. Im Kapitel Atopologie des Schauders prädikative, propositionale und topologische Bedingungen zum Sinn von Schauder analysiert und dekonstruiert. Ebenso, im Folgekapitel Etymon, etymologische und technisch-mediale Bedingungen. Im Schlußkapitel Maß, Anmaß, Unmaß der Empfindung des Schauders wird am Beispiel der konkreten Beiträge zum Schauder von Aristoteles, Kant, Fechner, Otto, Klages, Lorenz und Adorno aufgezeigt, dass (1) ein Schauder nicht von einem Außen aus an-gemessen werden kann, (2) sich im Schauder die metaphysische Opposition von Fiktion und Realität in einer Unentscheidbarkeit zerstreut, (3) dass trotz der Heterogenität der Ansätze in diesen Beiträgen eine Komplizenschaft zum Ausdruck kommt: ein Begehren nach Präsenz, das durch den Ausschluß des Anderen zugleich die Gewalt des Einen produziert, (4) dass der Signifikant Schauder, der selbst in Abwesenheit eines Referenten, eines bestimmten Signifikats, einer aktuellen Bedeutungs­intention, eines Sen­ders oder Empfängers funktioniert, als verändertes Zu­rückbleiben eines differenzieller Zeichens betrachtet werden muss, als Effekt von Spuren, die sich nur in ihrem eige­nen Auslöschen ereignen. Die Arbeit schließt mit dem Vorschlag, Spüren jenseits von Arché, Telos oder Eschaton, jenseits eines Phallogozentrismus in der derridaschen Spur zu denken. Nicht zuletzt über diese Pfropfung, wie sie im Französischen [trace] so nicht möglich ist, schließt sie als deutschsprachiger Beitrag an sein Werk an.

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The toughness of a polymer glass is determined by the interplay of yielding, strain softening, and strain hardening. Molecular-dynamics simulations of a typical polymer glass, atactic polystyrene, under the influence of active deformation have been carried out to enlighten these processes. It is observed that the dominant interaction for the yield peak is of interchain nature and for the strain hardening of intrachain nature. A connection is made with the microscopic cage-to-cage motion. It is found that the deformation does not lead to complete erasure of the thermal history but that differences persist at large length scales. Also we find that the strain-hardening modulus increases with increasing external pressure. This new observation cannot be explained by current theories such as the one based on the entanglement picture and the inclusion of this effect will lead to an improvement in constitutive modeling.

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This piece is a contribution to the exhibition catalogue of Barbadian / Canadian artist Joscelyn Gardner's exhibition, 'Bleeding & Breeding' curated by Olexander Wlasenko, January 14-February 12, 2012 in the Station Gallery, Whitby, Ontario, Canada. The piece examines the ways in which Gardner's Creole Portraits II (2007) and Creole Portraits III (2009) issue a provocative and carefully crafted contestation to the journals of the slave-owner and amateur botanist Thomas Thistlewood. It argues that while Thistlewood’s journals make raced and gendered bodies seemingly available to knowledge, incorporating them within the colonial archive as signs of subjection, Gardener’s portraits disrupt these acts of history and knowledge. Her artistic response marks a radical departure from the significant body of scholarship that has drawn on the Thistlewood journals to date. Creatively contesting his narratives’ dispossession of Creole female subjects and yet aware of the problems of innocent recovery, her works style representations that retain the consciousness and effect of historical erasure. Through an oxymoronic aesthetic that assembles a highly crafted verisimilitude alongside the condition of invisibility and brings atrocity into the orbit of the aesthetic, these portraits force us to question what stakes are involved in bringing the lives of the enslaved and violated back into regimes of representation.

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While the private sector has long been in the vanguard of shaping and managing urban environs, under the New Labour government business actors were also heralded as key agents in the delivery of sustainable places. Policy interventions, such as Business Improvement Districts (BIDs), saw business-led local partnerships positioned as key drivers in the production of economically, socially and environmentally sustainable urban communities. This research considers how one business-led body, South Bank Employer’s Group (SBEG), has inserted itself into, and influenced, local (re)development trajectories. Interview, observational and archival data are used to explore how, in a neighbourhood noted for its turbulent and conflictual development past, SBEG has led on a series of regeneration programmes that it asserts will create a “better South Bank for all”. A belief in consensual solutions underscored New Labour’s urban agenda and cast regeneration as a politically neutral process in which different stakeholders can reach mutually beneficial solutions (Southern, 2001). For authors such as Mouffe (2005), the search for consensus represents a move towards a ‘post-political’ approach to governing in which the (necessarily) antagonistic nature of the political is denied. The research utilises writings on the ‘post-political’ condition to frame an empirical exploration of regeneration at the neighbourhood level. It shows how SBEG has brokered a consensual vision of regeneration with the aim of overriding past disagreements about local development. While this may be seen as an attempt to enact what Honig (1993: 3) calls the ‘erasure of resistance from political orderings’ by assuming control of regeneration agendas (see also Baeten, 2009), the research shows that ‘resistances’ to SBEG’s activities continue to be expressed in a series of ways. These resistances suggest that, while increasingly ‘post-political’ in character, local place shaping continues to evidence what Massey (2005: 10) calls the ‘space of loose ends and missing links’ from which political activity can, at least potentially, emerge.

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As a professor in Curso de Licenciatura em Letras, from Campus Avançado Profa Maria Eliza Albuquerque Maia (CAMEAM),do Estado do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), in the town of Pau do Ferros, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, we had the chance to carry out several writing activities , as well as guiding re-writing activities for the texts produced. From this experience, we started looking at the need of reflecting upon the writing process in higher education. Thus, we aim at analyzing, in this research, the methodology used in the moment of carrying out the writing practices activities in higher education, investigating, in particular, the rewriting practices, concerning the operations used for carrying out such activities, as well as the sense effects produced from the alterations which were made in the texts. Our theoretical foundation is grounded on a conception of text as a verbal action , what reveals a socio-interactional view of the language (MARCUSCHI, 2008; SAUTCHUK, 2003). As the production of written texts, our research focus, we assume that, for this activity, we deal with distinct figures (active writer and internal reader), so that we can, apart from writing, reflecting upon our writing and, this way, deciding about operations which are carried out to make the alterations which are necessary to the rewriting of our texts (SAUTCHUK, 2003). Still about the theoretical foundations used in this research, we made use of the theories from the Textual Analysis of Discourse (TAD) which discusses the belief on the evidence on the existence of the texts, which is opposite to the fixist view of textuality which believes that the texts exist by themselves. (ADAM, 2008; [2005]2010). Under this perspective, we have also adopted, the concepts which come from genetics criticism which is concerned about the relation between text and genesis, using as objects documents which bring traits of the text in progress, on the ground that the text is the result of work in progress, and the writing practice, on the other hand, as an activity in a continuous movement (HAY, [1975]2002; DE BIASI, [2000]2010; GRÉSILLON, 1989; [1990]2008; [1992]2002; SALLES, 2008a). The methodology in this research is an ethnography-based one, an approach which focuses on the process, as well as is meaning-based. To understand the objectives proposed in our research, we made use of different procedures of collecting data which include an ethnographic study, such as: observation, note-taking, document analysis. The data which were analyzed were collected during the semester of 2008.2, in a first term classroom of Curso de Letras from CAMEAM, when we were able to collect twenty-one written texts and all of them were rewritten based on rewriting activities, what provides a corpus of forty-two texts which will be analyzed based on the linguistics operations identified by Generative Grammar and adopted by Lebrave and Grésillon (2009). From these analyses, we were able to confirm that writing is a process, and rewriting has become an extremely important activity for this process. Still due to these data, we observed that substitution was the most used operation by text authors. We believe that this result is justified by the fact that the substitution, according to what proposes the Genetic Criticism, constitutes the source of all erasure, from which one can easily make a change in writing. Regarding the operations of addition and deletion, we found that they were used in quantitative terms, almost equivalently, which can be explained when we see that the two operations require, by the author of the text, different strategies from those used for the replacement, what includes , respectively, adding or removing a segment. Finally, we found out that the shift operation was the least used, since it works with a segment that will not be replaced, added or deleted, but transferred to another place of text, which requires a greater ability of the author to perform this operation and not compromising the meaning of his/her writing. As a result, we hope to contribute to the reflection on the teaching of writing, considering, in a particular way, those with a Bachelor in Arts. Our analysis will contribute to the teaching of Portuguese language, specifically for activities that guide the production of texts in order to explore with students the ability to rewrite their own text

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Illumination of photorefractive, iron-doped lithium niobate crystals (LiNbO 3:Fe) with x-rays generates a conductivity that we determine from the speed of hologram erasure. The doping levels of the crystals and the acceleration voltage of our x-ray tube are varied. A theoretical model is presented, which describes the obtained results. A decrease of the conductivity with increasing Fe 2+ concentration can be explained by assuming that holes are the dominant charge carriers for this short-wavelength illumination.

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The effects of time averaging on the fossil record of soft-substrate marine faunas have been investigated in great detail, but the temporal resolution of epibiont assemblages has been inferred only from limited-duration deployment experiments. Individually dated shells provide insight into the temporal resolution of epibiont assemblages and the taphonomic history of their hosts over decades to centuries. Epibiont abundance and richness were evaluated for 86 dated valves of the rhynchonelliform brachiopod Bouchardia rosea collected from the inner shelf. Maximum abundance occurred on shells less than 400 yr old, and maximum diversity was attained within a century. Taphonomic evidence does not support models of live-host colonization, net accumulation, or erasure of epibionts over time. Encrustation appears to have occurred during a brief interval between host death and burial, with no evidence of significant recolonization of exhumed shells. Epibiont assemblages of individually dated shells preserve ecological snapshots, despite host-shell time averaging, and may record long-term ecological changes or anthropogenic environmental changes. Unless the ages of individual shells are directly estimated, however, pooling shells of different ages artificially reduces the temporal resolution of their encrusting assemblages to that of their hosts, an artifact of analytical time averaging. © 2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

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Este trabalho é fruto de pesquisas que vem sendo desenvolvidas pelo Laboratório de Memória e Patrimônio Cultural (LAMEMO) da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Pará acerca da arquitetura não-erudita presente no Estado do Pará em meados do século XX, que emprestou elementos do modernismo para compor o que se conhece hoje por “Raio que o parta” (RQP), contemplando sua análise historiográfica a partirdos estudos já realizados sobre o assunto e a caracterização das tipologias presentes nas fachadas de residências de três bairros: Cidade Velha, Umarizal e Telégrafo. Nos três locais, é possível observar uma quantidade considerável de exemplares, embora cada um apresente um contexto distinto. Na Cidade Velha, casas com essa característica são frequentes, fato curioso por se tratar de uma área onde dominam as construções ecléticas e tombadas por órgãos do patrimônio histórico. No Umarizal, apesar de sensíveis modificações de seu estrato social e da especulação ao longo de sua história, é dos três bairros o que apresenta maior número de casas, mas também alto número de apagamentos. A quantidade de exemplares e a caracterização popular nas fachadas também justificam a escolha pelo terceiro recorte, o bairro do Telégrafo, onde encontramos o maior índice de renovação arquitetônica que provoca o desaparecimento das linhas RQP. Usando ferramentas como a Etnografia de Rua e a análise semiótica de fachadas, identificamos 90 casas com traços Raio que o parta, levando em consideração a relação do morador/proprietário com as mesmas, no que diz respeito aos condicionantespara sua remoção/apagamento e considerando aspectos como anseios demodernização da residência ou juízo de valor cambiante, identificados por Riegl (2006).

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The thesis deals with channel coding theory applied to upper layers in the protocol stack of a communication link and it is the outcome of four year research activity. A specific aspect of this activity has been the continuous interaction between the natural curiosity related to the academic blue-sky research and the system oriented design deriving from the collaboration with European industry in the framework of European funded research projects. In this dissertation, the classical channel coding techniques, that are traditionally applied at physical layer, find their application at upper layers where the encoding units (symbols) are packets of bits and not just single bits, thus explaining why such upper layer coding techniques are usually referred to as packet layer coding. The rationale behind the adoption of packet layer techniques is in that physical layer channel coding is a suitable countermeasure to cope with small-scale fading, while it is less efficient against large-scale fading. This is mainly due to the limitation of the time diversity inherent in the necessity of adopting a physical layer interleaver of a reasonable size so as to avoid increasing the modem complexity and the latency of all services. Packet layer techniques, thanks to the longer codeword duration (each codeword is composed of several packets of bits), have an intrinsic longer protection against long fading events. Furthermore, being they are implemented at upper layer, Packet layer techniques have the indisputable advantages of simpler implementations (very close to software implementation) and of a selective applicability to different services, thus enabling a better matching with the service requirements (e.g. latency constraints). Packet coding technique improvement has been largely recognized in the recent communication standards as a viable and efficient coding solution: Digital Video Broadcasting standards, like DVB-H, DVB-SH, and DVB-RCS mobile, and 3GPP standards (MBMS) employ packet coding techniques working at layers higher than the physical one. In this framework, the aim of the research work has been the study of the state-of-the-art coding techniques working at upper layer, the performance evaluation of these techniques in realistic propagation scenario, and the design of new coding schemes for upper layer applications. After a review of the most important packet layer codes, i.e. Reed Solomon, LDPC and Fountain codes, in the thesis focus our attention on the performance evaluation of ideal codes (i.e. Maximum Distance Separable codes) working at UL. In particular, we analyze the performance of UL-FEC techniques in Land Mobile Satellite channels. We derive an analytical framework which is a useful tool for system design allowing to foresee the performance of the upper layer decoder. We also analyze a system in which upper layer and physical layer codes work together, and we derive the optimal splitting of redundancy when a frequency non-selective slowly varying fading channel is taken into account. The whole analysis is supported and validated through computer simulation. In the last part of the dissertation, we propose LDPC Convolutional Codes (LDPCCC) as possible coding scheme for future UL-FEC application. Since one of the main drawbacks related to the adoption of packet layer codes is the large decoding latency, we introduce a latency-constrained decoder for LDPCCC (called windowed erasure decoder). We analyze the performance of the state-of-the-art LDPCCC when our decoder is adopted. Finally, we propose a design rule which allows to trade-off performance and latency.

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Questa Tesi aspira a mostrare un codice a livello di pacchetto, che abbia performance molto vicine a quello ottimo, per progetti di comunicazioni Satellitari. L’altro scopo di questa Tesi è quello di capire se rimane ancora molto più difficile maneggiare direttamente gli errori piuttosto che le erasures. Le applicazioni per comunicazioni satellitari ora come ora usano tutte packet erasure coding per codificare e decodificare l’informazione. La struttura dell’erasure decoding è molto semplice, perché abbiamo solamente bisogno di un Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) per realizzarla. Il problema nasce quando abbiamo pacchetti di dimensioni medie o piccole (per esempio più piccole di 100 bits) perché in queste situazioni il costo del CRC risulta essere troppo dispendioso. La soluzione la possiamo trovare utilizzando il Vector Symbol Decoding (VSD) per raggiungere le stesse performance degli erasure codes, ma senza la necessità di usare il CRC. Per prima cosa viene fatta una breve introduzione su come è nata e su come si è evoluta la codifica a livello di pacchetto. In seguito è stato introdotto il canale q-ary Symmetric Channel (qSC), con sia la derivazione della sua capacità che quella del suo Random Coding Bound (RCB). VSD è stato poi proposto con la speranza di superare in prestazioni il Verification Based Decoding (VBD) su il canale qSC. Infine, le effettive performance del VSD sono state stimate via simulazioni numeriche. I possibili miglioramenti delle performance, per quanto riguarda il VBD sono state discusse, come anche le possibili applicazioni future. Inoltre abbiamo anche risposto alla domande se è ancora così tanto più difficile maneggiare gli errori piuttosto che le erasure.

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La poesía de Armando Tejada Gómez (1929-1992) se destaca con perfiles nítidos en el desarrollo de las letras mendocínas correspondiente a la segunda mitad del siglo XX y constituye una faceta más de un interesante movimiento cultural no exclusivamente literario, que se conoce como la Generación del '50. En el presente artículos se analizan las fuerzas que juegan en el campo intelectual de mediados del siglo XX: el viraje a lo popular con la incorporación del coloquialismo y la asunción de los ritmos de la canción popular, la temática ciudadana, la preocupación social y el sentido americanista. Esta nueva estética, que ha recibido las denominaciones de realismo romántico (Freidemberg), de poesía existencial (César Fernández Moreno), de neohumanismo (José Isaacson), presenta además como rasgo saliente una gran libertad interior y exterior. Todas estas características se ponen de manifiesto en la poesía de Tejada Gómez. A ello hay que sumar también la libertad en el manejo de las convenciones literarias, la borradura de límites entre los géneros, por ejemplo, lírico y dramático, o la incorporación de las denominadas "formas populares" al registro de la lírica mal llamada "culta". En cuanto a la libertad métrica de la que también hace gala, viene a ser apenas una consecuencia técnica de aquella libertad de fondo ya aludida, que asume como objeto poético aun la trivialidad de lo cotidiano.

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We establish a refined version of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Langevin stochastic processes describing mesoscopic systems driven by conservative or non-conservative forces and interacting with thermal noise. The refinement is based on the Monge-Kantorovich optimal mass transport and becomes relevant for processes far from quasi-stationary regime. General discussion is illustrated by numerical analysis of the optimal memory erasure protocol for a model for micron-size particle manipulated by optical tweezers.