Territori, economia, població: geometria?

En este artículo se plantea una aproximación desde diferentes puntos de vista a las características del espacio físico sobre el que se desarrollan la mayor parte de las actividades humanas y, más concretamente, del sistema productivo. En el mismo se encuentran referencias a la estructura económica desde un punto de vista disciplinar, a los aspectos urbanísticos y territoriales y a la oportunidad de la planificación territorial. Finalmente, se exponen algunos casos concretos de experiencias empresariales. Todo ello referido al área metropolitana Alicante-Elche.

Impacto dos instrumentos de fiscalidade municipal em contexto de reabilitação urbana

Dada a importância da reabilitação urbana e o peso financeiro associado às operações, identifiquei os instrumentos fiscais associados à reabilitação e a aplicabilidade de um deles à área de reabilitação urbana Coimbra Baixa. Começa-se por encontrar uma definição de cidade, como sistema social complexo em constante evolução e enunciam-se as principais modificações sofridas ao longo do tempo histórico. Dentre os acontecimentos históricos, faz-se alusão à Revolução industrial, período que alterou a economia e a sociedade até então existente e o período do pós II Guerra Mundial, época de construção nova e reconstrução. Portugal, fortemente influenciado pelas mudanças trazidas pela era industrial, como o êxodo rural e a desertificação progressiva dos centros urbanos, apresenta como característica urbanística a expansão do território, construída sem um procedimento planificado e regulamentado. As medidas politicas e legais que foram implementadas, como, o congelamento das rendas, inibitório de investimento na manutenção e conservação dos imóveis arrendados e a tradição portuguesa de comprar ou construir imoveis para habitação ao invés de arrendar, contribuíram fortemente para a degradação física do edificado. Perante o estado avançado de degradação das áreas centrais, foram implementadas políticas urbanas de reabilitação como alternativa à construção nova. Para tal, foram criados e implantados diversos programas de apoio financeiro, nacionais e europeus que se descrevem. Relativamente à regulação da reabilitação urbana, identificam-se os diversos diplomas legais existentes, que regulam as intervenções de reabilitação urbana que contemplam. Seguidamente procede-se a uma análise sucinta do sistema fiscal português e à descrição dos tributos suscetíveis de afetar a reabilitação urbana, identificando-se os benefícios fiscais criados para incentivar e promover as ações de reabilitação urbana. Finalmente, com a aplicação de um caso prático, procura-se avaliar o impacto do benefício fiscal, em sede de IMI, à área de reabilitação urbana intitulada de Coimbra Baixa, no município de Coimbra.

Dinâmica de expansão urbana de Ceará-Mirim-RN: aspectos locais e metropolitanos?

This study aims to understand the growth dynamics of Ceará-Mirim city considering the aspects that define its current urban sprawl. We chose to use as methodological approach the concept of space as a product and producer of social relations and the same constitutes by objects and actions that relate in a dialectical process over time. As a research tool, it took place bibliographical study that features the historical aspects of use and occupation, in order to evidence the regional ground agents that explain its current urban setting. Then, it was collected a secondary data of economic analysis activities from municipality and their impact on local social structure. Between these aspects, the sugar economy, even in decline, had appeared as defining the boundaries of urban growth. At the regional scale, other factors were discussed in a way of urban influence processes forming the Greater Natal (RMNatal), and Ceará-Mirim appears integrating into this scale in a very low level according to Metropolis Observatory (2012). However, we have pointed out that in recent years, especially in growth vector of BR 406, settled metropolitan scope equipment. These objects have been associating in a real estate sector's reasoning while the possible "metropolization" have been promoting as investments in the city's expansion area.

A economia criativa como estratégia de desenvolvimento para a cidade de Natal/RN

Globalization, the enormous speed of information exchange, technology updated in a speed never before and the growth of the cultural industry places us in a new reality in which we must adapt ourselves puting issues concerning to culture and technology at the center of development discussions. The Creative Economy, therefore, is inserted in this dicussion bringing these new elements to the center of the debate. The development potential of this new economy are real in Natal / RN, from, especially their link withim tourism. Thus, the intention of the work is to answer the questions: What is the weight of the creative economy in Natal? What are the issues that accelerate or hinder their development? To answer these questions we mapping the creative sectors on Natal’s economy, stressing labor and income figures, exercise already done by national and international organizations. The issues that connect the Creative Economy to education, R & D, cultural policy and tourism is also discussed. The review of the indicators related to these topics will be used to explain how they are configured as obstacle for the development of the creative economy in Natal/RN.

Uma cidade em transformação: a influência da atividade do crediário nas mudanças da paisagem urbana de Tenente Ananias-RN

Studies on the urban landscape and on the changes of the urban space are relevant, since they reveal the economic dynamics and the way of life in the cities. Research on small towns, in particular, can display particular aspects and by so doing broaden the comprehension of this theme. The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes in the urban landscape and in the way of life of the inhabitants of the town of Tenente Ananias-RN that have been taking place since the 1990s up to the present (2013) and which result mainly from the commercial activity of crediário. The study is, therefore, a reflection on the impact of crediário economy on the urban landscape and on the way of life of a small town located in the hinterland of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. For this reason, it was necessary to study the landscape and the way of life found in Tenente Ananias in two moments: a) before the rise of the crediário, a period of time ranging from the town‟s initial emergence until the beginning of the 1990s; b) during the progress of crediário activity, from the beginning of the 1990s, when it starts, up to the present (2013). For this research, primary data (interviews, local survey visits) and secondary data (books, articles, reports, census data) were used. As a result of this study, it was possible to conclude that crediário plays a fundamental role for the explanation of the changes taking place in Tenente Ananias-RN, especially in the urban landscape and in the way of life of people. We have attempted, through this research, to contribute to the studies of a historical, social and economic process related to the urban landscape and space of a small town in the State of Rio Grande do Norte

O processo de urbanização de Mossorò: dos processos históricos à estrutura urbana atual

The general objective of this academic work is to analyze the relationship between the territorial division and the urban expansion process of Mossoró city, understood here as the production and occupation of space. The urban expansion in Mossoró, since its formation as settlement in 1772 until current days, identifies with the Brazilian urbanization process whose growth is determined by the capitalist development. Thus, the expansion was determined by several economical specializations imposed by the territorial division of work which occurs at an interregional level, and, sometimes at an international level. Then, each specialization determined a moment of the urban expansion of the city, as follows: a) The cattle farmer specialization, between 1772 and 1857, when the urban expansion was shy, is summarized to a commercial square that received goods from Aracati aiming to cover a wide rural area; b) The commercial emporium specialization, between 1857 and 1930, when the urban expansion took an important impulse with the concentration of public and private capitals; c) The salt industry and the agricultural-industrial exporter specialization inside a state of development policy, between 1930 and 1970, when the urban expansion, joined to the settlement of the working class in the urban soil, developed along an important axis -the railway; d) The render of services specialization inside a state of intervention policy, between 1970 and 1990, when the urban expansion was characterized by the accelerated growth rhythm, by the reuse of some spaces, and by space segregation of demanding people; e) The render of services policy inside a neoliberal state policy, since 1990 until current days, when the urban expansion reduced its rhythm abruptly, when only small alterations occurred in the existing spaces. It focused on social policies and on several slums eradication programs. Finally, the territorial structure is deeply articulated with others, no territorial, but economical, social and political, which happens at a national, regional and local rate. Only within a historical and conceptual panorama, it was possible to explain the urban expansion in Mossoró from its formation in 1772 until current days. Therefore, this work is a several discipline analysis of the urbanization process existing in Mossoró

Uma cidade em transformação: a influência da atividade do crediário nas mudanças da paisagem urbana de Tenente Ananias-RN

Studies on the urban landscape and on the changes of the urban space are relevant, since they reveal the economic dynamics and the way of life in the cities. Research on small towns, in particular, can display particular aspects and by so doing broaden the comprehension of this theme. The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes in the urban landscape and in the way of life of the inhabitants of the town of Tenente Ananias-RN that have been taking place since the 1990s up to the present (2013) and which result mainly from the commercial activity of crediário. The study is, therefore, a reflection on the impact of crediário economy on the urban landscape and on the way of life of a small town located in the hinterland of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. For this reason, it was necessary to study the landscape and the way of life found in Tenente Ananias in two moments: a) before the rise of the crediário, a period of time ranging from the town‟s initial emergence until the beginning of the 1990s; b) during the progress of crediário activity, from the beginning of the 1990s, when it starts, up to the present (2013). For this research, primary data (interviews, local survey visits) and secondary data (books, articles, reports, census data) were used. As a result of this study, it was possible to conclude that crediário plays a fundamental role for the explanation of the changes taking place in Tenente Ananias-RN, especially in the urban landscape and in the way of life of people. We have attempted, through this research, to contribute to the studies of a historical, social and economic process related to the urban landscape and space of a small town in the State of Rio Grande do Norte

O processo de urbanização de Mossorò: dos processos históricos à estrutura urbana atual

The general objective of this academic work is to analyze the relationship between the territorial division and the urban expansion process of Mossoró city, understood here as the production and occupation of space. The urban expansion in Mossoró, since its formation as settlement in 1772 until current days, identifies with the Brazilian urbanization process whose growth is determined by the capitalist development. Thus, the expansion was determined by several economical specializations imposed by the territorial division of work which occurs at an interregional level, and, sometimes at an international level. Then, each specialization determined a moment of the urban expansion of the city, as follows: a) The cattle farmer specialization, between 1772 and 1857, when the urban expansion was shy, is summarized to a commercial square that received goods from Aracati aiming to cover a wide rural area; b) The commercial emporium specialization, between 1857 and 1930, when the urban expansion took an important impulse with the concentration of public and private capitals; c) The salt industry and the agricultural-industrial exporter specialization inside a state of development policy, between 1930 and 1970, when the urban expansion, joined to the settlement of the working class in the urban soil, developed along an important axis -the railway; d) The render of services specialization inside a state of intervention policy, between 1970 and 1990, when the urban expansion was characterized by the accelerated growth rhythm, by the reuse of some spaces, and by space segregation of demanding people; e) The render of services policy inside a neoliberal state policy, since 1990 until current days, when the urban expansion reduced its rhythm abruptly, when only small alterations occurred in the existing spaces. It focused on social policies and on several slums eradication programs. Finally, the territorial structure is deeply articulated with others, no territorial, but economical, social and political, which happens at a national, regional and local rate. Only within a historical and conceptual panorama, it was possible to explain the urban expansion in Mossoró from its formation in 1772 until current days. Therefore, this work is a several discipline analysis of the urbanization process existing in Mossoró

Agricultura urbana: impactos económicos, sociais e ecológicos

Cada vez mais as cidades e as áreas metropolitanas e comunidades adjacentes refletem áreas de agricultura de distintas tipologias. O Programa de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas estima que 15% dos alimentos em todo o mundo são cultivados em cidades havendo países onde a agricultura urbana é um meio de contornar a escassez de alimentos e outros onde é uma forma de rendimento e subsistência. A agricultura urbana é hoje observada como uma estratégia que pode desempenhar um papel significativo ao nível social, económico, ecológico e pedagógico, nomeadamente 1 Os autores agradecem o apoio financeiro da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia e FEDER / COMPETE (concessão PEst-C/EGE/UI4007/2013). Com o apoio financeiro da FCT/MEC através de fundos Nacionais e quando aplicável co-financiado pelo FEDER no Âmbito do acordo de parceria PT2020. 1 ESADR 2016 -­‐ VIII Congresso APDEA – II Encontro Lusófono Economia, Sociologia, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural) – 7-­‐ 9 Setembro de 2016 expresso na possibilidade de apoio financeiro a famílias pobres, ocupação e capacitação profissional, desenvolvimento comunitário, melhoria da segurança alimentar de famílias, educação em saúde, promoção da sustentabilidade do uso do solo e do património agrícola urbano e, ainda, uma maior proximidade à natureza como forma de procura de maior qualidade de vida urbana, entre outros. Esta importância da agricultura no espaço urbano tem vindo a ser consolidada dentro dos domínios originais a que acresceram outros, um reforço que coloca em evidência a multifuncionalidade característica à paisagem e, consequentemente, a sua transdisciplinaridade. Expressa-o o facto de, no passado, essa componente agrícola em espaço urbano ter estado intrinsecamente ligada aos domínios sociais e económicos e de, no presente, se encontrar ainda relacionada com os domínios ecológicos e pedagógicos. O presente artigo explora o papel da agricultura urbana numa abordagem transdisciplinar, centrada nos seus benefícios para os utilizadores e para a sociedade e nos desafios encontrados pelos agricultores urbanos e tomadores de decisão municipais envolvidos. O objetivo é o de fazer uma revisão de literatura procurando identificar as tendências atuais, esforços e lacunas na pesquisa dos impactos da agricultura urbana em distintos contextos e escalas.

A primeira universidade de economia criativa do mundo: Entrevista com Paul Makeham

This interview (translated and published in Portuguese) was commissioned and conducted by the editors of the Brazilian Guide to Cultural Production 2010-2011 (Edicoes SESC SP, 2010). It covers a range of topics including definitions of the Creative Industries; the value of innovation and creativity in business and education; QUT's Creative Industries Faculty; and the relationship between creative industries and the arts.

Estudio sobre comercialización y consumo de carne de pollo en la zona urbana del municipio de Masaya

El presente trabajo se realizó en la zona urbana del Municipio de Masaya, entre los meses de Agosto y Noviembre de 1998, con el objetivo de caracterizar los canales de comercialización de la carne de pollo, así como también los factores que afecten el consumo de , El estudio se basó en el análisis de 148 encuestas sobre consumo de carne de pollo, realizadas a la población consumidora así como también entrevistas semi estructuradas a agentes la cadena de intermediación. Se utilizó el método de mínimos cuadrados para analizar el efecto sobre el consumo de carne de pollo de las variables propio precio, precio de sustitutos y el ingreso percapita. Además se realizó el cálculo de las respectivas elasticidades. Para el análisis se utilizó una serie de tiempo que comprende el periodo 1992-1998. Los productos avícolas se venden en 3 presentaciones: pollo de engorde (entero congelado y cortado en pieza), ponedoras de descarte y gallinas de patio. La oferta de pollo de engorde obedece un mercado oligopólico con características de monopolio, con un sistema de comercialización centralizado. El margen bruto de comercialización de la carne de pollo de engorde varía de acuerdo al tipo de presentación oscilando entre el 29 - 30 % del valor pagado por el consumidor. Así mismo el margen bruto de comercialización para las ponedoras de descarte oscila entre 18- 22%. Los precios de la carne de pollo varían de acuerdo a la forma en que se presente la canal y al tipo de establecimiento donde se oferta dicho producto (1O -12 córdobas por libra). Con respecto a otros tipos de carne, el pollo presenta un precio relativo menor. El consumo per cápita en la zona es de 28 libras por persona por año; siendo mayor ellos estratos de ingreso más alto, pero se consume aún en los estratos de ingresos más bajos. El incremento del precio del pollo tiende a reducir la demanda. Las preferencias del consumidor son hacia un pollo con poco contenido de grasa y de textura blanda pero no flácida. El 85% de la población consume pollo de engorde principalmente en la presentación de pollo cortado en pieza. La elasticidad precio resultó altamente elástica siendo esta de 2.72. La elasticidad cruzada de cante de pollo con carne de res resultó de 0.84 la cual demuestra que la carne de pollo alcanza ser un sustituto de la carne de res, así mismo la elasticidad ingreso es de -1.33 lo que indica que el pollo es un bien normal básico.