Combustão economica nas locomotivas : subsidio para o estudo do cavão Brazileiro /

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Lettra dell'abate de Rozan su de'libri e msc. preziosi conservati nella biblioteca dell SS.ma Trinta' di Cava al signor bibliotecario della Biblioteca del re a Napoli.

First Italian edition issued anonymously under title: Lettera del sig. N. N. al sign N. N. [Napoli, 1808]

Haemodynamic assessment following inferior vena cava resection without replacement

Background: Treatment of bulky retroperitoneal malignancy may require en bloc resection of the infrarenal inferior vena cava. A number of reconstructive options are available to the surgeon but objective haemodynamic assessment of the peripheral venous system following resection without replacement is lacking. The aim of the present paper was thus to determine the symptomatic and haemodynamic effects of not reconstructing the resected infrarenal inferior vena cava. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out at Princess Alexandra Hospital in Queensland. Five patients underwent resection of the thrombosed infrarenal inferior vena cava as part of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer (n = 3), radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (n = 1) and thrombosed inferior vena cava aneurysm (n = 1). Clinical effects were determined via the modified venous clinical severity score and venous disability score. Haemodynamic data were obtained postoperatively using venous duplex ultrasound and air plethysmography. Results: None of the present patients scored >2 (out of 30) on the modified venous clinical severity score or >1 (out of 3) on the venous disability score. Haemodynamic studies showed only minor abnormalities. Conclusions: Not reconstructing the resected thrombosed infrarenal inferior vena cava results in minor signs and symptoms of peripheral venous hypertension and only minor abnormalities on haemodynamic assessment.

Experimental results for Ecklonia radiata growth and in situ incubation experiments and in situ measurements of pH within E. radiata beds in south eastern Tasmania

Ocean acidification (OA) is the reduction in seawater pH due to the absorption of human-released CO2 by the world's oceans. The average surface oceanic pH is predicted to decline by 0.4 units by 2100. However, kelp metabolically modifies seawater pH via photosynthesis and respiration in some temperate coastal systems, resulting in daily pH fluctuations of up to ±0.45 units. It is unknown how these fluctuations in pH influence the growth and physiology of the kelp, or how this might change with OA. In laboratory experiments that mimicked the most extreme pH fluctuations measured within beds of the canopy-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata in Tasmania, the growth and photosynthetic rates of juvenile E. radiata were greater under fluctuating pH (8.4 in the day, 7.8 at night) than in static pH treatments (8.4, 8.1, 7.8). However, pH fluctuations had no effect on growth rates and a negative effect on photosynthesis when the mean pH of each treatment was reduced by 0.3 units. Currently, pH fluctuations have a positive effect on E. radiata but this effect could be reversed in the future under OA, which is likely to impact the future ecological dynamics and productivity of habitats dominated by E. radiata.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with stones and inferior vena cava infiltration. Case report

We report a rare case of a 50 year old man with renal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who first came to our attention with renal colic and fever not responding to antibiotic or analgesic treatment. He had a long history of kidney stones, but had not undergone any imaging in the last 5 years. Physical examination revealed tenderness and a palpable mass in the right flank and lumbar region. A whole body CT scan was performed, revealing an 11 cm mass in the right kidney infiltrating the inferior vena cava. There were areas of calcification within the mass and multiple stones within the renal pelvis. The tumor was considered unsuitable for resection according to radiological and clinical criteria. The mass was biopsied percutaneously under CT guidance and histological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and embolization of the renal artery. He died one month after diagnosis. To our knowledge this is the second reported case in the world of renal SCC infiltrating the inferior vena cava and with kidney stones.

Melhoria da produção animal em áreas de caíva e sua contribuição para a viabilização de corredores ecológicos.

Ao longo da última década, entidades de pesquisa vêm desenvolvendo tecnologias que promovam o aumento da produção animal nos sistemas silvipastoris tradicionais característicos do Planalto Norte Catarinense, localmente denominados de caívas. As caívas são áreas de remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) com tamanhos variados, historicamente manejados para extração de erva-mate e manutenção de rebanhos animais. Desempenham importante papel na preservação dessa formação florestal, bem como na conectividade de áreas florestais. Dessa forma, as caívas apresentam potencial para atender às premissas do Programa de Corredores Ecológicos em SC, cujo objetivo é contribuir na conservação da biodiversidade, restaurando a conectividade da paisagem por meio do desenvolvimento de práticas de baixo impacto nestas áreas. No entanto, ainda há poucas tecnologias viáveis para uso econômico em remanescentes de FOM. A existência das caívas como sistemas tradicionais de uso das florestas precisa ser melhor compreendida e valorizada, bem como necessita que sejam geradas tecnologias adaptadas a esse sistema. O manejo tradicional das caívas tem sido constantemente ameaçado, em função da baixa geração de renda. A melhoria das caívas para produção animal tem se caracterizado como uma alternativa promissora, embora a legislação apresente restrições ao uso de animais em remanescentes florestais. Por outro lado, há de se considerar que as caívas só existem em função de seu histórico de uso múltiplo, associando produção de erva-mate, pinhão, frutas nativas e a criação animal. Este trabalho busca contextualizar os principais avanços tecnológicos gerados para manejo animal nas caívas e como sua adoção pode contribuir para a sustentabilidade das mesmas, bem como para o sucesso na implantação de Corredores Ecológicos.

The use of computerised simulators for training of transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. The future of echocardiographic training?

Echocardiography is the commonest form of non-invasive cardiac imaging and is fundamental to patient management. However, due to its methodology, it is also operator dependent. There are well defined pathways in training and ongoing accreditation to achieve and maintain competency. To satisfy these requirements, significant time has to be dedicated to scanning patients, often in the time pressured clinical environment. Alternative, computer based training methods are being considered to augment echocardiographic training. Numerous advances in technology have resulted in the development of interactive programmes and simulators to teach trainees the skills to perform particular procedures, including transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. 82 sonographers and TOE proceduralists utilised an echocardiographic simulator and assessed its utility using defined criteria. 40 trainee sonographers assessed the simulator and were taught how to obtain an apical 2 chamber (A2C) view and image the superior vena cava (SVC). 100% and 88% found the simulator useful in obtaining the SVC or A2C view respectively. All users found it easy to use and the majority found it helped with image acquisition and interpretation. 42 attendees of a TOE training day utilising the simulator assessed the simulator with 100% finding it easy to use, as well as the augmented reality graphics benefiting image acquisition. 90% felt that it was realistic. This study revealed that both trainee sonographers and TOE proceduralists found the simulation process was realistic, helped in image acquisition and improved assessment of spatial relationships. Echocardiographic simulators may play an important role in the future training of echocardiographic skills.