Précis sur les maladies épidémiques : qui sont les sources de la mortalité parmi les gens de guerre, les gens de mer & les artisans : avec la concordance des moyens de prévenir et de guérir ces maladies, selon les résultats de la pratique de Sydenham, Chirac, Lind, Monro, Pringle, Bertin, Strack, Clarke, Lucadou & Retz.

Mode of access: Internet.

Mémoires du Cardinal de Retz,

Mode of access: Internet.

Mémoires du Cardinal de Retz : sur les manuscrits authentiques de la Bibliothèque Royale : (avec les fragments restitués) : augmentée de lettres inédites et de fac-simile /

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoires du cardinal de Retz : contenant ce qui s'est passé de plus remarquable en France, pendant les premieres anné s du regne de Louis XIV.

Signatures: *⁴(-*4) *A⁸(*A2 signed A2) **B⁴(-**B4) A⁸(-A1) B-O⁸ P⁶; pi1 A-S⁸ T⁴(-T4); pi1 A-O⁸ P⁸(-P8); pi1 A-T⁸ V²; pi1 A-N⁸ O⁴(-O4).

Mémoires du Cardinal de Retz : sur les manuscrits authentiques de la Bibliothèque Royale : (avec les fragments restitués) : augmentée de lettres inédites et de fac-simile /

Mode of access: Internet.

Mémoires du cardinal de Retz, de Guy Joli, et de la duchesse de Nemours; contenant ce qui s'est passé de remarquable en France pendant les premières années du règne de Louis XIV ...

t. 1. Notice sur le cardinal de Retz ... Portrait de Retz par Saint-Évremont. Portrait de Retz par La Rochefoucault. Mémoires du cardinal de Retz.--t. 2. Mémoires de Retz (cont'd)--t. 3. Mémoires de Retz (cont'd) Procès verbal de la conférence, faite à Ruel. Le trictrac. Lettre présentée au Sacré collége de la part du cardinal de Retz, pendant sa prison. Le courrier burlesque de la guerre de Paris. Sermon de Saint Louis, roi de France ... par J.F.P. de Gondi. La conjuration du comte Jean-Louis de Fiesque. Avis à M. le cardinal Mazarin, sur les affaires de M. le cardinal de Retz.--t. 4. Notice sur Guy Joli. Mémoires de Guy Joli.--t. 5. Mémoires de Guy Joli (cont'd) Mémoire concernant le cardinal de Retz ... par Claude Joli. Mémoires de la duchesse de Nemours.

Denkwürdigkeiten der Stadt Retz

gesammelt von J. K. Puntschert

Healing effect of Terminalia chebula Retz extract on second-degree burns in rats

Purpose: To investigate the healing effect of Terminalia chebula Retz Extract (TCRE) on seconddegree burns in rats. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 200 – 220 g, were subjected to deep seconddegree skin burns by electrical scald instrument. The animals were divided into three groups as follows: (1) second-degree burns model (control) group, (2) burns model treated with 1 % silver sulfadiazine (SSD) group, and (3) burns model treated with 100 mg·mL-1 TCRE group. On days 3, 7 and 14 following the administration of the drug/extract, the wound area and histopathological changes in rat epidermis were evaluated for the various groups. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TCRE on Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were also assessed separately. Results: On day 14, the mean wound area of TCRE treatment group (0.25 ± 0.06 cm2) was significantly smaller than that of the control rats (2.71 ± 0.20 cm2, p < 0.01). The histological results indicate that the inflammatory cells disappeared and were replaced by new granulation tissue in the group treated with 100 mg·mL-1 TCRE by day 14. Compared with SSD group rats, the inflammatory cells and fibroblast and granulation tissues of burnt rats treated with 100 mg·mL-1 TCRE were same as those of rats that had no burns. The antibacterial results revealed that the MIC of TCRE on Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was 3.13, 12.5 and 6.25 mg·mL-1, respectively. Conclusion: Terminalia chebula Retz. has potentials to be developed as an effective medicinal herb for the treatment of second-degree burns.

Influência da temperatura na germinação de sementes de Digitaria insularis, Leptochloa virgata, Pennisetum setosum e Sorghum halepense

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de temperaturas constantes na germinação de sementes de espécies de plantas daninhas da família Poaceae que apresentam ocorrência em áreas de pastagem, para isto, foram analisadas as sementes de Digitaria insularis, Leptochloa virgata, Pennisetum setosum e Sorghum halepense coletadas manualmente de diversas plantas em áreas de pastagem. As sementes foram dispostas em caixas gerbox sobre folha dupla de papel "germitest", umedecido com água destilada equivalente a 2,5 vezes a massa do papel seco. As caixas foram incubadas em três germinadores verticais tipo MANGELSDORF com as temperaturas de 25ºC, 30ºC e 35ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. As avaliações foram realizadas, efetuando-se a contagem diária das ocorrências germinativas, a partir da protrusão da radícula, durante 28 dias após o início do estudo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram porcentagem e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), efetuando-se a análise estatística pela análise de variância com comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e transformação dos resultados de porcentagem de germinação. As temperaturas que proporcionam os melhores resultados de porcentagem e velocidade de germinação são 30 e 35°C, para as espécies de D. insularis, L. virgata e S. halepense, por outro lado, a espécie de P. setosum não apresenta germinação em nenhuma das temperaturas avaliadas (25º 30º e 35ºC) não são adequadas para a sua germinação.

Associação de adjuvantes ao hervicida clethodim e o controle de Digitaria insularis.

2016

Inhibition of maize streak virus (MSV) replication by transient and transgenic expression of MSV replication-associated protein mutants

Maize streak disease is a severe agricultural problem in Africa and the development of maize genotypes resistant to the causal agent, Maize streak virus (MSV), is a priority. A transgenic approach to engineering MSV-resistant maize was developed and tested in this study. A pathogen-derived resistance strategy was adopted by using targeted deletions and nucleotide-substitution mutants of the multifunctional MSV replication-associated protein gene (rep). Various rep gene constructs were tested for their efficacy in limiting replication of wild-type MSV by co-bombardment of maize suspension cells together with an infectious genomic clone of MSV and assaying replicative forms of DNA by quantitative PCR. Digitaria sanguinalis, an MSV-sensitive grass species used as a model monocot, was then transformed with constructs that had inhibited virus replication in the transient-expression system. Challenge experiments using leafhopper-transmitted MSV indicated significant MSV resistance - from highly resistant to immune - in regenerated transgenic D. sanguinalis lines. Whereas regenerated lines containing a mutated full-length rep gene displayed developmental and growth defects, those containing a truncated rep gene both were fertile and displayed no growth defects, making the truncated gene a suitable candidate for the development of transgenic MSV-resistant maize. © 2007 SGM.

A broad-scale analysis of links between coastal fisheries production and mangrove extent : a case-study for northeastern Australia

The paradigm that mangroves are critical for sustaining production in coastal fisheries is widely accepted, but empirical evidence has been tenuous. This study showed that links between mangrove extent and coastal fisheries production could be detected for some species at a broad regional scale (1000s of kilometres) on the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The relationships between catch-per-unit-effort for different commercially caught species in four fisheries (trawl, line, net and pot fisheries) and mangrove characteristics, estimated from Landsat images were examined using multiple regression analyses. The species were categorised into three groups based on information on their life history characteristics, namely mangrove-related species (banana prawns Penaeus merguiensis, mud crabs Scylla serrata and barramundi Lates calcarifer), estuarine species (tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus and Penaeus semisulcatus, blue swimmer crabs Portunus pelagicus and blue threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum) and offshore species (coral trout Plectropomus spp.). For the mangrove-related species, mangrove characteristics such as area and perimeter accounted for most of the variation in the model; for the non-mangrove estuarine species, latitude was the dominant parameter but some mangrove characteristics (e.g. mangrove perimeter) also made significant contributions to the models. In contrast, for the offshore species, latitude was the dominant variable, with no contribution from mangrove characteristics. This study also identified that finer scale spatial data for the fisheries, to enable catch information to be attributed to a particular catchment, would help to improve our understanding of relationships between mangroves and fisheries production.

Managed livestock grazing is compatible with the maintenance of plant diversity in semidesert grasslands

Even when no baseline data are available, the impacts of 150 years of livestock grazing on natural grasslands can be assessed using a combined approach of grazing manipulation and regional-scale assessment of the flora. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of this method across 18 sites in the semidesert Mitchell grasslands of northeastern Australia. Fifteen-year-old exclosures (ungrazed and macropod grazed) revealed that the dominant perennial grasses in the genus Astrebla do not respond negatively to grazing disturbance typical of commercial pastoralism. Neutral, positive, intermediate, and negative responses to grazing disturbance were recorded amongst plant species with no single life-form group associated with any response type. Only one exotic species, Cenchrus ciliaris, was recorded at low frequency. The strongest negative response was from a native annual grass, Chionachne hubbardiana, an example of a species that is highly sensitive to grazing disturbance. Herbarium records revealed only scant evidence that species with a negative response to grazing have declined through the period of commercial pastoralism. A regional analysis identified 14 from a total of 433 plant species in the regional flora that may be rare and potentially threatened by grazing disturbance. However, a targeted survey precluded grazing as a cause of decline for seven of these based on low palatability and positive responses to grazing and other disturbance. Our findings suggest that livestock grazing of semidesert grasslands with a short evolutionary history of ungulate grazing has altered plant composition, but has not caused declines in the dominant perennial grasses or in species richness as predicted by the preceding literature. The biggest impact of commercial pastoralism is the spread of woody leguminous trees that can transform grassland to thorny shrubland. The conservation of plant biodiversity is largely compatible with commercial pastoralism provided these woody weeds are controlled, but reserves strategically positioned within water remote areas are necessary to protect grazing-sensitive species. This study demonstrates that a combination of experimental studies and regional surveys can be used to understand anthropogenic impacts on natural ecosystems where reference habitat is not available.

Further new smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) from Australia

Nine new species of smut fungi, belonging to eight genera, are described from Australia: Dermatosorus schoenoplecti Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Schoenoplectus mucronatus, Entyloma grampiansis Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Macalpinomyces brachiariae Vánky, C. Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Brachiaria holosericea, M. digitariae Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Digitaria gibbosa, Restiosporium baloskionis Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Baloskion tetraphyllum, Thecaphora maireanae R.G. Shivas & Vánky, on Maireana pentagona, Tilletia cape yorkensis Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Whiteochloa airoides, Urocystis chorizandrae J. Cunnington, R.G. Shivas & Vánky, on Chorizandra enodis, and Ustanciosporium tenellum R.G . Shivas & Vánky, on Cyperus tenellus. New combinations are: Macalpinomyces ordensis(R.G. Shivas & Vánky) Vánky & R.G. Shivas (based on Sporisorium ordense, type on Brachiaria pubigera, Australia), and Sporisorium setariae (McAlpine) Vánky & R.G. Shivas (based on Sorosporium setariae, type on Setaria glauca, Australia).