994 resultados para DNA probes


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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to promote the oncogenic process, and the correlation between viral oncoproteins and dysfunction of p16 INK4A tumor suppressor protein in oral lesions is controversial. To test the hypothesis that anogenital HPV types participate in disruption of the regulation of p16INK4A suppressor protein in oral lesions, we analyzed 46 oral biopsy specimens for the presence of HPV 6/11 and 16/18 by in situ hybridization (ISH) and for p16INK4A expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Eighteen (39%) of the 46 oral lesions were HPV-positive and 28 (61%) were HPV-negative. HPV 6/11 DNA was found in 5 (11%) and HPV 16/18 in 13 (28%) of 46 biopsies. Nine of the 18 HPV-positive oral lesions (50%), assessed by catalyzed signal amplification coupled to ISH (CSA-ISH), gave high-intensity p16INK4A immunostaining. Focal and diffuse patterns were observed in 11/13 (77%) lesions with HPV 16/18, focal immunopositivity in 3/5 (80%) with HPV 6/11, and negative or sporadic p16-labeling in 18/28 (64%) without the presence of HPV DNA. These results showed a strong association between overexpression of p16 protein and malignant oral lesions, mainly those infected by HPV 16/18. We can conclude that high-risk HPV types are associated with p16 overexpression, and p16 may serve as a biomarker in oral cancer related to high-risk HPV infection.

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This study was undertaken to evaluate the telomerase activity both in the tumor and in the vaginal margins of radical hysterectomy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Thirty-three patients with SCC of the cervix (study group) and 13 patients with uterine myoma (control group) were prospectively studied. Tissue samples were taken from the tumor or cervix, anterior vaginal margin (AVM), and posterior vaginal margin (PVM). The specimens were analyzed by histopathology, by a telomerase PCR-TRAP-ELISA kit, and by polymerase chain reaction using human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. The telomerase activity was significantly higher in the tumor than in the benign cervix (P < 0.001). There was no difference in telomerase activity in the AVM and PVM in patients with cervical carcinoma compared to the control group. Telomerase activity was associated with the presence of histologic malignancy in the PVM of patients submitted to radical hysterectomy (P = 0.03). This association was not observed with the presence of HPV in AVM or PVM in the study group. Telomerase activity is a marker of histologic malignancy in patients with SCC of the cervix. There was no association between the telomerase activity and the presence of HPV in vaginal margins of patients submitted to radical hysterectomy. © 2006, Copyright the Authors.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Os morcegos representam um grupo amplamente distribuído e diversificado. A diversidade de hábitos alimentares faz da ordem Chiroptera uma das mais bem sucedidas entre os mamíferos, desempenhando, em função de seus hábitos, um importante papel no controle de insetos, na polinização e na dispersão de sementes de numerosos vegetais. A família Phyllostomidae constitui a terceira maior família em número de espécies dentro da Ordem Chiroptera. Entre as representantes neotropicais é a mais numerosa, sendo encontrada em florestas tropicais da America do Sul, particularmente, concentrada na Amazônia que é a região com maior diversidade de morcegos do mundo. No presente trabalho foram analisados citogeneticamente exemplares de três espécies da subfamília Phyllostominae: Chrotopterus auritus, Trachops cirrhosus e Vampyrum spectrum coletados no estado do Pará e Amazonas. Os dados cromossômicos obtidos para Chrotopterus auritus (2n = 28 e NF = 52) e Trachops cirrhosus (2n = 30, FN = 56) estão de acordo com os descritos na literatura. Para Vampyrum spectrum (2n=30 NF=56) relatamos os primeiros padrões de bandeamento e FISH (Hibridização in situ Fluorescente). A técnica de bandeamento C demonstrou um padrão pericentromérico de distribuição da heterocromatina constitutiva nas três espécies estudadas. A técnica de FISH com sondas de DNA teloméricas humanas mostrou apenas marcações distais em todos os cromossomos das três espécies e as sondas de rDNA 18S confirmaram a localização das Regiões Organizadoras Nucleares observadas na técnica de Ag-NOR, presentes no braço longo do par 2 de Chrotopterus auritus, no par 11 de Trachops cirrhosus e no braço longo do par 1 de Vampyrum spectrum. A análise comparativa entre elas sugere um extenso grau de diferenciação cromossômica, com poucos cromossomos compartilhados entre os três gêneros. Contudo, cinco pares cromossômicos inteiros se mantiveram conservados sem nenhum tipo de rearranjo após a divergência das três linhagens. A comparação entre as espécies revela que C. auritus e V. spectrum apresentam mais elementos compartilhados entre si do que em relação à T. cirrhosus. Nossos resultados apoiam a proximidade filogenética entre C. auritus e V. spectrum e sugerem a associação de T. cirrhosus com o clado do gênero Phyllostomus.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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(Microarray technology in study of head neck cancer). The microarray technology is a tool for global analysis of gene expression that allows investigating hundreds or thousands of genes in a sample using a hybridization reaction. This technology is based on hybridization between labeled targets derived from biological samples and an array of many DNA probes immobilized on a solid matrix, representing the genes of interest. The simultaneous study of hundreds of genes became the microarray technique a very important tool of global analysis, with applications in several areas, including the study of the development of cancer. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, with a global annual incidence of 780,000 new cases. Large-scale studies involving microarrays have identified specific gene expression signatures associated with expression changes in HNSCC samples compared to normal tissue, as well as genes involved in clinical outcome and metastasis. However, the considerable heterogeneity among these studies occurs due to experimental design, number of samples, disease sites and stage, choice of microarray platform and results validation. Thus, there is much to be validated, before the technique has clinical utility. In relation to head and neck neoplasia, the large-scale gene analysis is very important, since the clinical and histopathological methods currently used appear to be insufficient to predict clinical progression and response to treatment. Thus, this approach could result in more effective diagnostic and prognostic and most appropriate therapy for this neoplasia.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)