Efeitos da cultura da cevada e de períodos de controle sobre o crescimento e produção de sementes de Raphanus sativus L.

Este experimento teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da cultura da cevada e de períodos de controle das plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento e produção de sementes de Raphanus sativus. Foram considerados dois tratamentos testemunha sem controle das plantas daninhas, com e sem a cultura. Nos oito demais tratamentos, a cultura esteve sempre presente, controlando-se as plantas daninhas até 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 e 100 dias após a emergência da cevada. A comunidade infestante da área era composta quase exclusivamente por R. .sativus. Avaliou-se o número de plantas, acúmulos de matéria seca, número médio de frutos e sementes de nabiça por planta e por unidade de área ; foram ainda avaliados o número médio de sementes por fruto, peso médio de 1.000 sementes e a contribuição das sementes na composição da matéria se catota. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que a espécie Raphanus sativus apresenta elevado potencial reprodutivo, sendo possível concluir pela ineficiência de programas de controle de curta duração, em termos de redução do banco de sementes. A presença da cultura da cevada reduziu tanto o crescimento quanto o número de sementes produzidas pela nabiça (R. sativus). Na ausência da cultura e de práticas de controle foram produzidas 5.074 sementes/m, a partir de 125 plantas/m ainda presentes na colheita da cultura.

PHYTOCHROME CONTROLLED SEED-GERMINATION IN LIGHT INSENSITIVE SEEDS OF RAPHANUS-SATIVUS L CV REDONDO GIGANTE

Seed germination of Raphanus sativus is inhibited by light only under low water potential of the medium. Curves of fluence response to white, red and far-red lights demonstrated that the inhibition of seed germination is dependent on light irradiance being far-red light the more effective than the formers and the germination being inhibited by intermitent light indicates phytochrome involvement through the high irradiance reactions in the control of seed germination in radish seeds under water stress conditions.

PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF SHIKIMATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L)

Shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.25) extracted from cucumber pulp (Cucumis sativus L.) was purified 7-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and elution from columns of Sephadex G-25, DEAE-cellulose, and hydroxyapatite. Two activity bands were detected on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at the last purification step. pH optimum was 8.7, and molecular weight of 45 000 was estimated on a Sephadex G-100 column. SDH was inhibited competitively by protocatechuic acid with a K(i) value of 2 x 10-4 M. K(m) values of 6 x 10-5 and 1 x 10-5 M were determined for shikimic acid and NADP+, respectively. The enzyme was completely inhibited by HgCl2 and p-(chloromercuri)benzoate (PCMB). NaCl and KCl showed partial protection against inhibition by PCMB. Heat inactivation between 50 and 55-degrees-C was biphasic, and the enzyme was completely inactivated after 10 min at 60-degrees-C. Incubation of SDH with either NADP+ or shikimic acid protected the enzyme against heat inactivation.

AVALIACAO DE BERGAPTENO 3CH E 6CH NA PROTECAO DE PEPINEIROS (CUCUMIS SATIVUS) CONTRA INTOXICACOES POR ESSA MESMA SUBSTANCIA

Authors report trial with bergapten using homeopathic preparations and the protection of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus) against intoxications by the same substance and assess the positive results obtained.

Diferentes níveis de torta de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus) como aditivo na silagem de capim elefante

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of different levels of turnip cake (TNF) on the chemical composition, digestibility and quality of elephant grass silage. Due to the quality of the oil extracted from the seeds, the turnip is being considered as an important option for the biodiesel industry in Brazil. The turnip cake is obtained from the mechanical pressing of the seeds to produce oil, and it differs from the meal by the content of fat. In the meal the fat is less than 1%, due to the use of solvents for the oil extraction. Experimental silos were used in a completely randomized design, in factorial arrangement 2 x 3 (two types of material and four levels of inclusion). The materials were represented for original material (fresh) and ensiled material, with four levels of inclusion of TNF (0, 3, 6, and 9%). Dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), nitrogen indigestible neutral detergent (NIDN), nitrogen indigestible acid detergent (NIDA), ash (MM), lignin (LIG), buffer power (PT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDDM) were determined in all materials. In silage, additionally, were determined pH and amoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N). There were effects of inclusion of TNF and the type of material on the DM, CP, ADF, NIDA, P, and MM contents and on IVDDM. The interaction of the two factors was observed to the contents of CP, NDF, ADF, NIDA, Ca and IVDDM. In silage, the DM levels were lower (P < 0.05) than in original material. The values of DM were increased linearly as increased levels of inclusion of TNF. The fibrous components, including NIDN and NIDA, decreased linearly when the TNF increased. In all treatments, values of pH and N-NH3 considered ideal for good silage were observed. The IVDDM was reduced, linearly, with the addition of increasing levels of TNF. A negative correlation (-0.95) between IVDDM and content of EE may explain the tendency of this variable, due to the EE content increased linearly with the addition of TNF. The addition of TNF as an additive in silage of elephant diminished IVDDM. Considering the changes observed in the chemical composition and digestibility of elephant grass silage with TNF as additive, suggests that this should not be included at levels exceeding 3%. On the other hand, the silages with TNF as additive showed appropriate fermentation characteristics.

Análise econômica da produção de pepino (Cucumis sativus) tipo alongado em projeto de assentamento

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Aplicação de bioestimulante vegetal sobre o desenvolvimento de pepineiro (Cucumis sativus) enxertado e não enxertado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) em função da idade das mudas produzidas em recipientes com diferentes volumes de substrato

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Depressão endogâmica em uma população de pepino japonês (Cucumis sativus L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Variabilidade genética entre progênies de meios irmãos de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. Oleiferus) cultivar Cati Al 1000

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios irmãos de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus Sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.) cultivar CATI Al 1000

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação agrometeorológica do cultivo de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) em ambientes protegido e a campo, em ciclos de outono-inverno e primavera-verão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Capacidade de combinação de linhagens de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) do grupo japonês

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uso de dois espaçamentos entre gotejadores na mesma linha lateral e seus efeitos sobre a formação do bulbo molhado, produtividade e qualidade de rabanete (raphanus sativus L.)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Phytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of turnip leaves (raphanus sativus l.)

The study of allelopathic activity has been aim of research that evaluates mainly species used in green fertilization. Raphanus sativus L. stands out among these species, because it shows high capacity for nutrient recycling, specially nitrogen and phosphorus, what makes it an advantageous cover plant in crop rotation systems. Considering the exposed, the present study had as objective the evaluation of the allelopathic and phytotoxic potentials of different concentrations of the R. sativus leaves ethanolic extract by mean of seeds germination analyses and development of lettuce seedlings, evaluating the phytotoxicity by determination of the mitotic index of lettuce root cells, realizing the phytochemical profile and investigating the antioxidant activity. It was possible to verify that the R. sativus extract interferes in the germination index, decreasing the germinability (5 mg. mL(-1) = 9.84%; 10 mg. mL(-1) = 11.91% and 20 mg. mL(-1)= 57.51%). In the lettuce seedlings growth, the extract of this species affected the roots and hypocotyls growth. It was possible to observe phenols and total flavonoids in the extract for the concentration of 1000 mu g. mL(-1)(161mg and 83.57 mg, respectively). It was also observed, higher antioxidant activity for the concentration of 1000 mu g. mL(-1) (89.76%). In the phytotoxicity assay was observed a dose dependent effect in the mitotic index and in the cellular events during cellular division. In this study it was possible to conclude that this species has allelochemical compounds which are able to interfere directly on the stabilization and development of other species.