Tests of some specific effect substances in duck nutrition. Translation from: Biologisace a chemisaze vyzivy svirat 5, 43-48, 1969.]

There is a constantly increasing collection of manufactured substances, whose effectiveness in the sustenance of ducks is under investigation. The author examines the effects of some substances already previously tested and also there were examined substances which had not hitherto been studied. The use of different supplements for late autumn fattening is studied through various experiments.

Saprolegnia on roach (Leuciscus rutilus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Translation from: Acta zool.pathol.Antverpiensia 43 107-123, 1976]

There is, in nature, as well as in the aquarium, a parasitic disease known as 'mousse' and which attacks predominantly fish. It is caused by Phycomycete fungi, genus Saprolegnia. The fungus causes external lesions and covers the fish with a thick white layer from whence comes the name 'mousse', commonly attributed to the disease, for which the scientific name is Saprolegnia. This article provides an overview of Saprolegnia infections on fish in nature and aquaria and then discusses symptomology of Saprolegnia in the mirror caro and t roach in more detail.

Concerning the current conditions and transport of sand in the shallow water areas off the coast of the south-eastern North Sea [Translation from: Hamburger Kustenforschung 29 [pages 41-43 only], 1974]

With the aid of the German Research Association in the central programme 'Sand movements in the German coastal region', an investigation into the current conditions in the shallow water areas of the coasts of the south-eastern North Sea between Sylt and the Weser estuary was carried out by the author. Foundations of the work are 19 continuous current recordings in five profiles normal to the coast from years 1971 to 1973. Off the coasts of the south-eastern North Sea varying tidal currents impinge; they are currents whose directions may vary periodically through all points of the compass. They are caused by the circulating tides in the North Sea (Amphidromien). The turning flow movement experiences a deformation in the very shallow coastal waters, and as it happens the flow turning movement in the case of high tide continues right up onto the outer flats, while here and in the fore-lying shallow water areas around the time of low water (on account of the small depths of waters), there prevails a more variable current. A result of this hydrodynamical procedure is the development of counter currents. This partial translation of the original paper provides the summary of this study of of the mudflat areas between the Elbe and Weser.

Electromagnetic decay of the 1.7- and 2.43-MeV levels in ^9Be

The 1.7- and 2.43-MeV levels in ⁹Be were populated with the reaction ¹¹B(d, α)⁹Be* by bombarding thin boron on carbon foils with 1.7-MeV deuterons. The alpha particles were analyzed in energy with a surface-barrier counter set at the unique kinematically determined angle and the recoiling ⁹Be nuclei at 90^o were analyzed in rigidity with a magnetic spectrometer, in energy by a surface-barrier counter at the spectrometer focus, and in velocity by the time delay between an alpha and a ⁹Be count. When a pulse from the spectrometer counter was in the appropriate delayed coincidence with a pulse from the alpha counter, the two pulses were recorded in a two-dimensional pulse height analyzer. Most of the ⁹Be* decay by particle breakup. Only those that gamma decay are detected by the spectrometer counter. Thus the experiment provides a direct measurement of Γ_rad/Γ. Analysis of 384 observed events gives Γ_rad/Γ = (1.16 ± 0.14) X 10^-4 for the 2.43-MeV level. Combining this ratio with the value of Γ_rad = 0.122 ± 0.015 eV found from inelastic electron scattering gives Γ = (1.05 ± 0.18) keV. For the 1.7-MeV level, an upper limit, Γ_rad/Γ ≤ 2.4 = 10^-5, was determined.

Relations longueur-poids de 43 espèces de poissons capturées dans les lagunes ivoiriennes

Since 1974 we have been collecting statistics on the main fishing gears in the ivorian lagoons. In order to get good estimation of the catches, it is often more convenient to measure the fishes and to convert this data into weights through a length-weight relationship. In this work we computed this relation for 43 species found in the Aby and Ebrié lagoons.

Efeitos da hipóxia-isquemia pré-natal durante o desenvolvimento: receptores e transportadores glutamatérgicos e comunicação celular in vitro

O cérebro infantil humano submetido à hipóxia-isquemia (HI) apresenta perda de oligodendrócitos, hipomielinização, astrogliose, alterações no desenvolvimento cortical e no comportamento motor, incluindo a paralisia cerebral. O cerebelo desempenha um importante papel no controle motor e diversos danos vêm sendo observados em humanos e animais que sofreram HI. A excitotoxicidade glutamatérgica é frequentemente associada à HI e junções celulares podem ser responsáveis pela transferência de moléculas capazes de modular os danos decorrentes. Dados prévios de nosso grupo utilizando um modelo de HI pré-natal em ratos demonstraram danos permanentes na estrutura cerebelar, indicando que os efeitos deletérios da HI pré-natal podem ser mantidos até a vida adulta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os níveis de conexinas, receptores e transportadores de glutamato ao longo do desenvolvimento do cerebelo HI, e avaliar a configuração das junções celulares em culturas de astrócitos derivadas do cerebelo de ratos submetidos a esse modelo. Ratas no 18 dia de gestação, após anestesia, tiveram as quatro artérias uterinas obstruídas por 45 minutos (Grupo HI). Animais controle tiveram os úteros expostos sem sofrer a obstrução (Grupo SH). A gestação prosseguiu e apenas filhotes nascidos a termo foram utilizados. Os animais foram decapitados aos 2 (P2), 9 (P9), 16 (P16),23 (P23), 30 (P30), 45 (P45) e 90 (P90) dias pós-natal. Os cerebelos foram submetidos à técnica de Western blotting utilizando os anticorpos anti-NR2B, anti-GluR3, anti-EAAT1, anti-GFAP e anti-Cx43. Para a cultura de astrócitos foram utilizados cerebelos de animais P2. Após terem atingido confluência, as células foram fixadas e imunomarcadas com os anticorpos anti-Cx43, anti-GFAP, anti-nestina e anti-A2B5. Nossos resultados demonstram diferenças nos níveis de GluR3 durante o desenvolvimento do cerebelo SH e HI, havendo uma redução significativa da expressão desta subunidade no grupo HI em P9. Por outro lado, não foram verificadas alterações nos níveis de NR2B e de GFAP entre os grupos nas diferentes idades. Observou-se redução significativa de Cx43 em animais HI em P2 bem como nos astrócitos HI em cultura, os quais também apresentaram alterações morfológicas e diferenças na expressão do marcador A2B5. A alteração referente a GluR3 no grupo HI pode ser causada pela redução da arborização das células de Purkinje e pela redução no número de precursores de oligodendrócitos no cerebelo de animais HI em P9, já observadas em nosso laboratório. A diminuição de Cx43 indica que a passagem de substâncias por canais astrocitários pode estar reduzida e contribuir para a expansão dos danos persistentes descritos em HI. Alterações morfológicas e na expressão de marcadores da diferenciação de astrócitos podem refletir os potenciais efeitos de HI sobre a maturação destas células a longo-prazo. Nossos resultados apontam que a HI sistêmica pré-natal pode ser responsável por alterações que caracterizam a excitotoxicidade glutamatérgica. Ressaltamos também a importância da comunicação entre astrócitos como estratégia neuroprotetora nesta lesão.

Yemaya, No. 43, July 2013

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Damage removal and strain relaxation in As+-implanted Si0.57Ge0.43 epilayers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy

The damage removal and strain relaxation in the As+-implanted Si0.57Ge0.43 epilayers were studied by double-crystal x-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The results presented in this paper indicate that rapid thermal annealing at temperatures higher than 950 degrees C results in complete removal of irradiation damage accompained by the formation of GeAs precipitates which enhance the removal process of dislocations.