599 resultados para Conectores de cisalhamento
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the shear bond strenght to bovine dentin, during 24h and 30 days with the following variables: resin cements Enforce and Panavia F; aesthetics restorative materials Art Glass, IPS Empress 2 and Targis, with surface treatment with microetching with aluminium oxide, fluoridric acid and silane. Two hundred eighty eight sound bovine teeth from 3 years old animals constituted the samples after inclusion on polyester resin box. lnstron model 430 Universal Testing Machine, a crosshead speed 0,5 mm/min and load cells of 500 Kg, was used for shear bond strenght testing (MPa). The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA The best result was obtained with /PS Empress 2, microetched with aluminium oxide, fluoridric acid and silane, cemented with Panavia F and stored in distilled water, 3f'C during 30 days
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O sucesso das restaurações metálicas indiretas depende, dentre outros fatores, de uma união eficaz entre a estrutura metálica e o cimento dentário empregados. Sabe-se que os primers para metal atuam com comprovada eficácia na resistência adesiva dos cimentos resinosos às ligas nobres. Entretanto, pouco foi estudado sobre o efeito de tais materiais em ligas não nobres. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de primers para metal na resistência ao cisalhamento da união entre cimentos resinosos e metais não nobres. Discos (9 mm de diâmetro e 3 mm de altura) foram fundidos em liga de NiCr (n=80) e em titânio comercialmente puro (Ti c.p.) (n=80) e foram incluídos em anel de PVC com resina acrílica quimicamente ativada. As superfícies dos discos foram regularizadas com lixas de carbeto de silício de granulação 320, 400 e 600 e jateadas com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 50 µm. Espécimes de cada metal foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=20). Uma matriz metálica bi-partida (5 mm de diâmetro interno e 2 mm de altura) foi posicionada na superfície do espécime. As áreas adesivas receberam um dos seguintes tratamentos: 1) Panavia F; 2) Alloy Primer e Panavia F; 3) Bistite DC e 4) Metaltite e Bistite DC. Para evitar a exposição dos cimentos à luz, estes foram espatulados e inseridos na matriz dentro de uma câmara de revelação radiográfica. Quarenta minutos após a confecção, os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas e então termociclados (1.000 ciclos, 5ºC e 55ºC, 30 segundos cada banho). Após a termociclagem, os espécimes foram armazenados novamente nas mesmas condições descritas anteriormente por um período de 24 horas (n=10) ou de 6 meses (n=10) antes do ensaio de cisalhamento em uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos (Material Test System 810).
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This study evaluated in vitro the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with xenon plasma arc light, light-emitting diode (LED) and conventional halogen light using different curing times. Brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of 60 human maxillary premolars allocated to five groups. In groups 1 and 2, the resin was cured with the plasma arc for three and six seconds (s), respectively; in groups 3 and 4, the LED was used for five and ten s, respectively; and in group 5, the halogen light was used for 40 s. The specimens were stored in water for 24 hours and subjected to a shear force until bracket failure. The debonding pattern was classified according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The results were assessed by Anova and the SNK post-hoc test. No differences were detected among groups 2, 4 and 5, which showed higher averages than groups 1 and 3, which were not different between themselves. The ARI scores showed no differences among the three types of light sources in all times tested. Plasma arc and LED lights can be used with shorter curing times, within certain limits, than conventional halogen light for bonding orthodontic brackets, without decreasing bond strength.
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There is little information regarding bond strengths of polyglass to metal alloys. This study evaluated the influence of bonding system on shear bond strength of a composite resin (Artglass/Heraeus Kulzer) to cast titanium (Ti). Twenty metallic structures (4mm in diameter, 5mm thick) of titanium grade I were cast shaped and abraded with 250mm aluminum oxide and separated into two groups. For each group was applied one bonding system (Siloc or Retention Flow) before opaque and dentin polymer superposition. This procedure was managed using teflon matrices. They were manipulated and polymerized according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37º and thermocycled (5º and 55ºC/500 cycles). Shear bond strength tests were performed by using an Instron Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5mm/min. Results were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA (a=0,5) and they indicated that the Retention Flow system was statistically better than Siloc (20.74 MPa and 11.65 MPa , respectively). It was possible to conclude that the bonding agent influenced the adhesion between polymer and cast titanium.
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Recent bonding systems have been advocated as multi-purpose bonding agents. The aim of this study was to determine if some of these bonding systems could be associated to composite resins from different manufacturers. This investigation was conducted to test lhe shear bond strength of three bonding systems: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M Dental Products), Optibond Light Cure (Kerr) and Optibond Dual Cure (Kerr), when each of them was associated to lhe composite resins: Z1 00 (3M Dental Products), Prisma - APH (Dentsply) and Herculite XRV (Kerr). Seventy-two flat dentin bonding sites were prepared to 600 grit on human premolars mounted using acrilic resins. The teeth were assigned at random to 9 groups of 8 samples each. A split die with a 3mm diameter was placed over lhe surface of lhe dentin treated with one of lhe adhesive systems, and lhe selected composite resin was inserted and light cured. The split mold was removed and all samples were termocycled and stored in 37ºC water for 24 hours before testing. Shear bond strength was determined using an lnstron Universal testing machine. Some failures were examined under lhe S.E.M. Data was analysed by one-way analysis of variance, that demonstrated a significant difference (p<0,05) in the mean shear bond strength among Optibond Light Cure (15,446 MPa), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (13,339 MPa) and Optibond Dual Cure (10,019 MPa). These values did not depend on the composite resin used. The association between bonding system/composite resin was statistycally significant (p<0,05) and the best results were obtained when the composite resins Z100 and Herculite were used with the adhesive system Optibond Light Cure, and when the composite resin APH was used with the adhesive system Scotchbond Multi-Purpose
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT
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The effect in the gingival tissue of four distinctive types of relationships between the major conector and the gingival margin was investigated in eight subjects in association with the experimental gingivitis model. The subjects wore appliances constructed in acrylic resin (retained by means of embrasure hooks) throughout the day an night, except during meals. After the appliances had been placed, the subjects were abstained from any oral hygiene for twenty-one days. Records of the Plaque Index, Gingival Index and probing deplh were taken at baseline and at each week. Data showed that there was a small increase in the Plaque Index and Gingival Index for the four areas and that the degree of inflammation of the covered areas was higher in the area without relief
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The disadvantages generated by the acid etching of the dentin, such as an increase in its permeability, in the surface moisture and in the potential to denature the external dentinal collagen, the formation of a fragility zone and the citotoxicity of the adhesive monomers; which are all aggravated by the depth of the dentin, have stimulated new and different treatment philosophies of the dentin. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of three dentin treatments: laser irradiation, acid etching and hypermineralization, in the shear bond strength of the SMP Plus bonding system. Sixty bovine incisors were extracted and randomly selected immediatly alter the animal's death. They were kept frozen (-18°C) for no longer than 14 days. After buccal dentinal surface had been exposed, X-Rays were taken to control the dentin thickness. The specimens were separated into two groups: (1) Control, kept in distilled water at 4ºC; (2) Mineralized, kept in hypermineralized solution at 4°C for 14 days. Each group was divided into three sub-groups according to the type of dentin treatment used: group F - followed the manufacturer instructions (acid-etching + primer + bond), group AL (acid-etching + primer + bond + laser) and group LA (laser + (laser + acid-etching + primer + bond). A composite resin standard cylinder (Z100-3M) was bond to the dentinal surface and the shear bond strength performed on a Universal lnstron machine 4301, with 500 Kg load and at 0,5mm/min. speed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined that the treatments influenced the shear bond strength values (p<0,05) with the following average shearing load at failure: AL (9,96 MPa), F (7,28MPa) e LA (4,87 MPa). The interaction between the two factors analyzed Group (control and mineralized) and treatment (F, AL, LA) also influenced the shear bond strength (p<0,05). The highest values were obtained...
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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La utilización conjunta de los soportes de acero con los forjados de hormigón armado aúna las ventajas constructivas y arquitectónicas de ambos sistemas de ejecución. El principal inconveniente que se presenta es la complejidad de sus nudos. Las uniones estructurales viga-pilar mediante pernos tipo Nelson o Köco aparecen sólo ocasionalmente en el mundo de la edificación. Los casos en los que esto ocurre normalmente corresponden a obras de especial singularidad, a uniones secundarias o a anclajes de reducida responsabilidad estructural. La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene el objetivo principal de aportar una alternativa a las uniones convencionales entre losas o vigas de hormigón armado con pilares metálicos, utilizando para ello los pernos conectores. En este trabajo se establece un campo de aplicación concreto de las estructuras de edificación en el que la utilización de uniones mediante pernos conectores resulta óptima, dada la posibilidad de industrialización de estos nudos, su sencillez y la alta resistencia de los pernos en la transmisión del cortante. Se ha procedido al estudio teórico-analítico de la resistencia de estas uniones y a su posterior comparación experimental. Se presentan las diferencias obtenidas entre los resultados experimentales y los previstos por las formulaciones teóricas, debidas principalmente a las particularidades de las configuraciones de la unión y al efecto del rozamiento. El excelente comportamiento mecánico obtenido en los resultados experimentales induce a presagiar que la configuración de unión que se propone, junto con el método de cálculo aportado, puede llegar a sustituir a las soluciones convencionales utilizadas hasta el momento en las estructuras mixtas de edificación. Los pernos conectores aportan grandes ventajas al campo de la construcción aunque sus soldaduras, pese a la gran seguridad que las caracteriza, son difícilmente comprobables mediante ensayos no destructivos. Los ensayos destructivos no son en absoluto recomendables para las configuraciones de unión estudiadas en esta Tesis. Esto se debe principalmente al reducido número de pernos que configuran las uniones y a la gran responsabilidad que cada perno asume respecto a la seguridad global de la estructura. Los métodos convencionales de inspección presentan grandes dificultades e inconvenientes para comprobar las soldaduras de los pernos, por lo que se han investigado nuevas posibilidades de inspección y control. Esta Tesis plantea un método alternativo para la inspección de las soldaduras de los pernos conectores. El método desarrollado se basa en la acústica y consiste en el cálculo analítico de los modos propios de vibración del perno y su posterior comparación con las frecuencias naturales obtenidas a partir de una medición experimental. La investigación analítica comprende numerosas simulaciones por elementos finitos en las que se varían las condiciones de contorno para simular los defectos de soldadura. La investigación experimental consiste en la medición acústica de los pernos conectores y su posterior ensayo mediante métodos destructivos y no destructivos. Finalmente se han comparado los resultados analíticos con los obtenidos en el laboratorio y se ha obtenido una clara correlación entre las frecuencias calculadas y la calidad de las soldaduras. De este modo se puede averiguar el estado interno de una soldadura a partir de medición de su frecuencia natural de vibración. Se propone un método de inspección acústica que permite comprobar la calidad de las soldaduras de modo sencillo, económico y de fácil ejecución en obra. En conclusión, esta Tesis presenta una nueva configuración de unión mixta mediante pernos conectores y un completo método de calculo y comprobación. Finalmente se ha desarrollado un método no destructivo para la inspección de los pernos que permite garantizar la calidad de sus soldaduras en obra.
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A excepción de las conexiones acero-hormigón en vigas mixtas, las uniones entre elementos con pernos tipo Nelson y Köco aparecen sólo ocasionalmente en el mundo de la edificación. Cuando esto ocurre, los pernos se destinan normalmente a uniones secundarias o anclajes de reducida responsabilidad estructural. En este trabajo se plantea la utilización de uniones mixtas mediante pernos conectores en un ámbito concreto de las estructuras de edificación, donde su incorporación resulta óptima dadas las posibilidades de industrialización de los nudos, sencillez de la solución y alta resistencia en la transmisión de cortante. Se ha realizado un estudio teórico analítico de la resistencia de los mismos, que ha sido contrastado de forma experimental. Se muestran las diferencias obtenidas entre los resultados experimentales y los previstos por las formulaciones existentes, debidas a las condiciones específicas de aplicación y a la existencia del rozamiento.
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Connectors are essential in many circuits to communicate with exterior world. When working in millimeter wave frequencies, connectors require very tight tolerances and being mounted exactly in the correct way. Main problems which use to appear when working with millimeter wave connectors have been collected in this article. Besides that, some basic guidelines to get optimal connector performance are given. To illustrate how these advices can improve connector operation, they have been used in a real case.
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Los pernos conectores aportan múltiples ventajas de uso, entre las que se encuentra el elevado margen de seguridad que ofrecen sus soldaduras ejecutadas mediante arco eléctrico. Estas soldaduras, aunque ampliamente fiables, son difícilmente comprobadas mediante ensayos no destructivos. Aparte de la inspección visual, que aporta gran información sobre la calidad de ejecución de la soldadura, el resto de ensayos no destructivos (líquidos penetrantes, partículas magnéticas, ultrasonidos, radiografías, etc.) resultan inviables en estos elementos. Por otro lado, los ensayos acústicos de piezas metálicas han existido siempre. Su comprobación se basaba en el análisis por medio de ¿un oído fino¿ del sonido resultante tras ser golpeado el elemento a evaluar. Con estas premisas se plantea el presente estudio de inspección de las soldaduras en pernos conectores mediante su espectro acústico. Analíticamente, la investigación se ha centrado en el cálculo informático de los primeros modos propios de vibración mediante elementos finitos. Se han modelizado diferentes grados de penetración de la soldadura mediante la modificación de las condiciones de contorno. Se ha observado que variando el número de movimientos coaccionados en los nodos pertenecientes a la soldadura se produce una reducción en su frecuencia de vibración.