La pregunta por lo popular en Bibliotecas Populares

El presente trabajo está inscripto en el marco de la investigación denominada "Los medios de comunicación como recursos informativos en las bibliotecas", y surge como consecuencia de observar, a partir de los datos arrojados por de encuestas realizadas entre los meses de julio-octubre de 2005 en Bibliotecas Populares de La Plata, las diferencias sustanciales en la tipología de lectores. Estas diferencias sugieren la pregunta por lo "popular" en Bibliotecas Populares. Se empleará, para una primera aproximación al análisis de esta problemática, la perspectiva propuesta por Roger Chartier para los estudios sobre Cultura Popular. Se repasan los motivos, ideas y relaciones de poder que dieron origen a las Bibliotecas Populares en Argentina a partir de la figura de Sarmiento. Se describe la heterogeneidad de público que asiste a bibliotecas populares en la actualidad, así como también la dificultad para construir categorías inteligibles de lectores a partir de las descripciones que realizan los bibliotecarios

El cromo victoriano como medio de comunicación de masas (1800-1920)

Introducción: En el estudio del cromo se encuentran presentes la práctica totalidad de elementos que caracterizan a los denominados "Medios de Comunicación de Masas", así como la evolución de la sociedad a lo largo de ciento cincuenta años en lo que a generación de iconos simbólicos se refiere. El cromo pertenece al campo de la industria cultural, porque se orienta a la distracción del sujeto, al ocio que transcurre en su entorno más cercano. El cromo participa de todos y cada uno de los rasgos definitorios de la denominada cultura de masas aunque de modo discreto, accediendo a los espacios más íntimos de la sociedad. La iconografía del cromo constituye un lenguaje en sí misma, denotando su capacidad como transmisor de mensajes y constituyendo un poderoso sistema de comunicación gráfico mediante códigos fácilmente reconocibles por cualquier espectador indiferenciado con independencia de su nacionalidad, idioma, clase y cultura. Nuestro objetivo ha sido realizar una interpretación global de los cromos (o scraps) por medio de una lectura visual original y rigurosa, pero aplicando un método de análisis eficaz y contrastado en numerosos proyectos de investigación, poniendo de relieve el hecho de tratarse de un objeto cotidiano, cercano, doméstico¿ para acceder, después, a categorías superiores, reservadas tradicionalmente a otros soportes de comunicación. Hipótesis: Mediante la presente investigación trataremos de demostrar que el cromo o scrap es un medio de comunicación destinado a difundir valores morales e ideológicos, en sintonía con el poder vigente, y que alcanzó notables cotas de popularidad durante la práctica totalidad del siglo XIX y parte del XX (1800-1920). La pertinencia de la hipótesis propuesta requiere de la consideración de que su atractivo y eficacia residen, fundamentalmente, en la extrema sencillez de su lenguaje, vocacionalmente universal, lo cual le permitió extenderse como fenómeno cultural más allá de la Inglaterra victoriana hacia el resto de Europa y al otro lado del Atlántico, en EEUU. Así mismo, como medio de comunicación, pretendemos concluir que el cromo representa un ejemplo de manifestación propio de la "cultura de masas", desvinculándose, pese a su apariencia, de la denominada "cultura popular", con la que tan sólo comparte determinados aspectos iconográficos. Investigación: El análisis de contenido se ajusta a la perfección como procedimiento a la naturaleza de cualquier imagen, en cuyo mensaje suelen ser reconocibles, tanto los rasgos evidentes de carácter denotativo, como las características latentes, sólo accesibles desde una lectura connotativa. Permite la posibilidad implícita de reconocer la intencionalidad del emisor, de quien comunica, a partir de la forma y el aspecto del propio medio de comunicación; en este caso, el cromo. En nuestra investigación, se ha optado por un modelo mixto de análisis de contenido en el que el objeto de estudio ha sido sometido, tanto a técnicas empíricas de cuantificación de variables (análisis cuantitativo), como a una interpretación semiótica de las características formales del medio (análisis cualitativo). Conclusiones: El cromo funciona como transmisor de un mensaje y soporte no verbal ni escrito, sino gráfico. Como todo lenguaje no deja de ser eficaz a la hora de transmitir mediante códigos conocidos y manipulados por el emisor y perfectamente reconocibles por el receptor. Aun tratándose de modestos trozos de papel, la filosofía de su lenguaje nos lleva a la praxis y al establecimiento de un campo teórico sobre los aspectos más relevantes y la definición de la sociedad que los produjo. Entendemos que el cromo responde a las características de la denominada "cultura de masas", en el sentido de que ésta es una consecuencia social procedente de la difusión y consolidación, a partir del siglo XIX, de las nuevas tecnologías destinadas a perpetuar en el tiempo la información simbólica, icónica o escrita; desde la xilografía, el cartel y la fotografía, hasta la televisión y el cine, pasando por el propio cromo.

Lecturas de la prensa popular: Un estudio de recepción del periódico Q'hubo en la localidad de Kennedy en Bogotá

En este trabajo de grado se aborda la relación entre las audiencias y los medios a partir de un estudio de recepción del diario Q’hubo en los sectores populares de Bogotá, específicamente en la localidad de Kennedy de esta ciudad. El estudio reconoce que las formas determinadas de interactuar con los medios están atadas a los contextos, las instituciones y los entornos culturales y sociales desde los que lector construye su realidad y se inserta en la sociedad actual. Por lo mismo, se nutre de estos elementos para entender los procesos de recepción a través de las formas cotidianas de consumo del diario Q’hubo frente al contexto mediático actual. Se sustenta que el Q’hubo se comunica con sus lectores combinando aspectos clásicos de la prensa popular y adaptando aspectos de diseño y lenguaje aportados por los nuevos medios. Lo que a su vez se relaciona con apropiaciones, usos y modos de leer de la audiencia, que reivindica interacciones tradicionales y desarrolla interacciones emergentes gracias a la convergencia de las tecnologías con la cultura letrada, oral y visual.

How does ‘Newstainment’ actually work? : ethnographic research methods and contemporary popular news

Much debate has taken place recently over the potential for entertainment genres and unorthodox forms of news to provide legitimate – indeed democratized – in-roads into the public sphere. Amidst these discussions, however, little thought has been paid to the audiences for programs of this sort, and (even when viewers are considered) the research can too easily treat audiences in homogenous terms and therefore replicate the very dichotomies these television shows directly challenge. This paper is a critical reflection on an audience study into the Australian morning “newstainment” program Sunrise. After examining the show and exploring how it is ‘used’ as a news source, this paper will promote the use of ethnographic study to better conceptualize how citizens integrate and connect the increasingly fragmented and multifarious forms of postmodern political communication available in their everyday lives.

Less popular but more democratic? Corrie, Clarkson and the dancing Cru

The central cultural experience of modernity has been change, both the ‘creative destruction’ of existing structures, and the growth, often exponential, of new knowledge. During the twentieth century, the central cultural platform for the collective experience of modernising societies changed too, from page and stage to the screen – from publishing, the press and radio to cinema, television and latterly computer screens. Despite the successive dominance of new media, none has lasted long at the top. The pattern for each was to give way to a successor platform in popularity, but to continue as part of an increasingly crowded media menu. Modern media are supplemented not supplanted by their successors.

Media Studies: "Media, History and Society", and "Thinking Popular Culture".

“When cultural life is re-defined as a perpetual round of entertainments, when serious public conversation becomes a form of baby talk, when, in short, a people become an audience and their public business a vaudeville act, then a nation finds itself at risk.” (Postman) The dire tones of Postman quoted in Janet Cramer’s Media, History, Society: A Cultural History of US Media introduce one view that she canvasses, in the debate of the moment, as to where popular culture is heading in the digital age. This is canvassed, less systematically, in Thinking Popular Culture: War Terrorism and Writing by Tara Brabazon, who for example refers to concerns about a “crisis of critical language” that is bothering professionals—journalists and academics or elsewhere—and deplores the advent of the Internet, as a “flattening of expertise in digital environments”.

Journalism, History and the Politics of Popular Culture

I argue that a divergence between popular culture as “object” and “subject” of journalism emerged during the nineteenth century in Britain. It accounts not only for different practices of journalism, but also for differences in the study of journalism, as manifested in journalism studies and cultural studies respectively. The chapter offers an historical account to show that popular culture was the source of the first mass circulation journalism, via the pauper press, but that it was later incorporated into the mechanisms of modern government for a very different purpose, the theorist of which was Walter Bagehot. Journalism’s polarity was reversed – it turned from “subjective” to “objective.” The paper concludes with a discussion of YouTube and the resurgence of self-made representation, using the resources of popular culture, in current election campaigns. Are we witnessing a further reversal of polarity, where popular culture and self-representation once again becomes the “subject” of journalism?

Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems based on Popular Tags

The social tags in web 2.0 are becoming another important information source to profile users' interests and preferences for making personalized recommendations. However, the uncontrolled vocabulary causes a lot of problems to profile users accurately, such as ambiguity, synonyms, misspelling, low information sharing etc. To solve these problems, this paper proposes to use popular tags to represent the actual topics of tags, the content of items, and also the topic interests of users. A novel user profiling approach is proposed in this paper that first identifies popular tags, then represents users’ original tags using the popular tags, finally generates users’ topic interests based on the popular tags. A collaborative filtering based recommender system has been developed that builds the user profile using the proposed approach. The user profile generated using the proposed approach can represent user interests more accurately and the information sharing among users in the profile is also increased. Consequently the neighborhood of a user, which plays a crucial role in collaborative filtering based recommenders, can be much more accurately determined. The experimental results based on real world data obtained from Amazon.com show that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches.

Restrung New Chamber Festival : Bridging the Gap Between High Art Music and Popular Sensibilities

The Restrung New Chamber Festival was a practice-led research project which explored the intricacies of musical relationships. Specifically, it investigated the relationships between new music ensembles and pop-oriented bands inspired by the new music genre. The festival, held at the Brisbane Powerhouse (28 February-2 March 2009) comprised 17 diverse groups including the Brodsky Quartet, Topology, Wood, Fourplay and CODA. Restrung used a new and distinctive model which presented new music and syncretic musical genres within an immersive environment. Restrung brought together approaches used in both contemporary classical and popular music festivals, using musical, visual and spatial aspects to engage audiences. Interactivity was encouraged through video and sound installations, workshops and forums. This paper will investigate some of the issues surrounding the conception and design of the Restrung model, within the context of an overview of European new music trends. It includes a discussion of curating such an event in a musically sensitive and effective way, and approaches to identifying new and receptive audiences. As a guide to programming Restrung, I formulated a working definition of new music, further developed by interviews with specialists in Australia and Europe, and this will be outlined below.

Art, popular culture and cultural policy: variations on a theme of John Carey

The article presents a criticism of the accounts of John Carey in his book entitled "The Intellectuals and the Masses." The author focuses on Carey's argument that the art is not an eternal category but an invention of the late eighteenth century and it no longer has any intellectual legitimacy other than that of provoking feelings which are no more and no less valuable than those provoked by any other form of entertainment or physical activity

The Clubcultures Reader: Readings in Popular Cultural Studies

This reader in popular cultural studies meets the need for an up-to-date collection of readings on contemporary youth cultures and youth music. Table of Content: Introduction: Reading Pop(ular) Cult(ural) Stud(ie)s: Steve Redhead. Part I: Theory I:. 1. Pearls and Swine: Intellectuals and the Mass Media: Simon Frith and Jon Savage. 2. Over-the-Counter Culture: Retheorising Resistance in Popular Culture: Beverly Best. Part II: Commentaries. 3. Organised Disorder: The Changing Space of the Record Shop: Will Straw. 4. Spatial Politics: A Gendered Sense of Place: Cressida Miles. 5. Let's All Have a Disco? Football, Popular Music and Democratisation: Adam Brown. 6. Rave Culture: Living Dream or Living Death?: Simon Reynolds. 7. Fear and Lothing in Wisconsin: Sarah Champion. 8. The House Sound of Chicago: Hillegonda Rietveld. 9. Cocaine Girls: Marek Kohn. 10. In the Supermarket of Style: Ted Polhemus. 11. Love Factory: The Sites, Practices and Media Relationships of Northern Soul: Kate Milestone. 12. DJ Culture: Dave Haslam. Plates: Patrick Henry. Part III: Theory II: . 13. The Post-Subculturalist: David Muggleton. 14. Reading Pop: The Press, the Scholar and the Consequences of Popular Cultural Studies: Steve Jones. 15. Re-placing Popular Culture: Lawrence Grossberg. Index.

'Black is beautiful', and Indigenous : Aboriginal authorship in Australian popular music

The ‘black is beautiful’ movement began in the United States in the early sixties, and changed mainstream attitudes towards the body, fashion and personal aesthetics, gaining African American people a new sense of pride in being – and being called – ‘black’. In Australia the movement also had implications for changing the political meanings of ‘black’ in white society. However, it is not until the last decade, through the global influence of Afro-American music, that a distinctly Indigenous sense of black sexiness has captured the attention of mainstream audiences. The article examines such recent developments, and suggests that, through the appropriation of Afro-American aesthetics and styles, Indigenous producers and performers have developed new forms of Indigenous public agency, demonstrating that black is beautiful, and Indigenous.