944 resultados para Cold Neutron Research Facility (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
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"September 2000."
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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"This fourth supplement was prepared to inform users of changes to NIST Handbook 133 that were adopted at the 79th Annual Meeting of the NCWM ..."
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"January 2002."
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"August 1991."
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Mode of access: Internet.
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An ideal biomaterial for dental implants must have very high biocompatibility, which means that such materials should not provoke any serious adverse tissue response. Also, used metal alloys must have high fatigue resistance due the masticatory force and good corrosion resistance. These properties are rendered by using alpha and beta stabilizers, such as Al, V, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn. Commercially pure titanium (TiCP) is used often for dental and orthopedic implants manufacturing. However, sometimes other alloys are employed and consequently it is essential to research the chemical elements present in those alloys that could bring prejudice for the health. Present work investigated TiCP metal alloys used for dental implant manufacturing and evaluated the presence of stabilizing elements within existing limits and standards for such materials. For alloy characterization and identification of stabilizing elements it was used EDXRF technique. This method allows to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the materials using the spectra of the characteristic X-rays emitted by the elements present in the metal samples. The experimental setup was based on two X- rays tubes (AMPTEK Mini X model with Ag and Au targets), a X-123SDD detector (AMPTEK) and a 0.5mm Cu collimator, developed due to the sample characteristics. The other experimental setup used as a complementary technique is composed of an X-ray tube with a Mo target, collimator 0.65mm and XFlash (SDD) detector - ARTAX 200 (BRUKER). Other method for elemental characterization by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) applied in present work was based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) EVO® (Zeeis). This method also was used to evaluate the surface microstructure of the sample. The percentual of Ti obtained in the elementary characterization was among 93.35 ± 0.17% and 95.34 ± 0.19 %. These values are considered below the reference limit of 98.635% to 99.5% for TiCP, established by Association of metals centric materials engineers and scientists Society (ASM). The presence of elements Al and V in all samples also contributed to underpin the fact that are not TiCP implants. The values for Al vary between 6.3 ± 1.3% and 3.7 ± 2.0% and for V, between 0.26 ± 0.09% and 0.112 ± 0.048%. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), these elements should not be present in TiCP and in accordance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the presence of Al should be <0.01% and V should be of 0.009 ± 0.001%. Obtained results showed that implant materials are not exactly TiCP but, were manufactured using Ti-Al-V alloy, which contained Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn. The quantitative analysis and elementary characterization of experimental results shows that the best accuracy and precision were reached with X-Ray tube with Au target and collimator of 0.5 mm. Use of technique of EDS confirmed the results of EDXRF for Ti-Al-V alloy. Evaluating the surface microstructure by SEM of the implants, it was possible to infer that ten of the thirteen studied samples are contemporaneous, rough surface and three with machined surface.
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La presente investigación pretendió incorporar el uso intensivo de TIC en los procedimientos establecidos y necesarios en los procesos de generación, distribución y control de la energía, lo que se expresa en un manual para el sistema de gestión humana de la organización analizada. La investigación partió de un levantamiento de un estado del arte, continuó con la realización de un análisis de actitudes y aptitudes de los colaboradores, basado en propuestas teóricas y mejores prácticas existentes del medio, y, por último, concluyó con un manual de gestión humana en el que se indican las competencias en los diferentes perfiles de la organización para el uso de TIC y su aplicación, con el propósito de alinearse con las perspectivas y objetivos de la organización analizada al tener como base la perdurabilidad y la competitividad de la misma.
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The topic of “the cloud” has attracted significant attention throughout the past few years (Cherry 2009; Sterling and Stark 2009) and, as a result, academics and trade journals have created several competing definitions of “cloud computing” (e.g., Motahari-Nezhad et al. 2009). Underpinning this article is the definition put forward by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, which describes cloud computing as “a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction” (Garfinkel 2011, p. 3). Despite the lack of consensus about definitions, however, there is broad agreement on the growing demand for cloud computing. Some estimates suggest that spending on cloudrelated technologies and services in the next few years may climb as high as USD 42 billion/year (Buyya et al. 2009).