A Cultura Caiçara do Litoral Norte Paulista mostrada na revista Beach&Co Estereótipos do caiçara das cidades de Caraguatatuba, São Sebastião, Ubatuba e Ilhabela em um veículo regional impresso

Estudo dos estereótipos que a revista regional Beach&Co fez do caiçara - povo nativo que mantém uma cultura relacionada ao mar e a mata nas cidades de Caraguatatuba, São Sebastião, Ubatuba e Ilhabela, no Litoral Norte Paulista. Aplicou-se uma metodologia de caráter híbrido que mesclou os Estudos Culturais com base nas obras de Douglas Kellner, Stuart Hall e Raymond Williams com a Análise de Discurso nas obras de Dominique Maingueneau, Eni Orlandi, Patrick Charaudeau e Audre Alberguine. Também foram resgatados os estudos da Cultura Caiçara feitos por Carlos Diegues, Gioconda Mussolini, Emilio Willems, e por fim redefiniu-se o gênero jornalístico Reportagem e contextualizou-se o Jornalismo Regional de Revista. Posteriormente, analisou-se a primeira década da revista Beach&Co, totalizando 120 edições publicadas de janeiro de 2002 a junho de 2012, no qual foram mostradas as diversas abordagens que a publicação fez do caiçara, bem como a evolução da própria revista nos aspectos editoriais, comercial e de design gráfico. Em seguida, selecionou-se 23 reportagens nas editorias de turismo, gastronomia, esportes e outras relacionadas à Cultura Caiçara, que tiveram seus discursos semânticos e os elementos valorativos de linguagens analisados. Nas conclusões, constatou-se que a cobertura jornalística da Beach&Co privilegia as áreas do turismo e do desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte e Baixada Santista; que a revista passou por readaptações e esquematismos dominantes na produção jornalística e encontrou mercado nas especificidades do Litoral Paulista; a Beach&Co se consolidou como uma revista regional profissional, de qualidade e criativa, distante do amadorismo, do bairrismo e da mimetização simplista; apesar de muitas vezes ter usado o caiçara para adjetivar os aspectos turísticos e gastronômicos do Litoral Norte, a revista trabalhou a produção simbólica do caiçara de forma ampla e retratou vários aspectos da Cultura Caiçara, reforçando o poder desta revista regional, como retroalimentando os sotaques do Litoral Paulista nas demais regiões do país onde a publicação também é lida.

Neonatal enteral feeding tubes as loci for colonisation by members of the Enterobacteriaceae

Background The objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal nasogastric enteral feeding tubes are colonised by the opportunistic pathogen Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) and other Enterobacteriaceae, and whether their presence was influenced by the feeding regime. Methods One hundred and twenty-nine tubes were collected from two neonatal intensive care units (NICU). A questionnaire on feeding regime was completed with each sample. Enterobacteriaceae present in the tubes were identified using conventional and molecular methods, and their antibiograms determined. Results The neonates were fed breast milk (16%), fortified breast milk (28%), ready to feed formula (20%), reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF, 6%), or a mixture of these (21%). Eight percent of tubes were received from neonates who were 'nil by mouth'. Organisms were isolated from 76% of enteral feeding tubes as a biofilm (up to 107 cfu/tube from neonates fed fortified breast milk and reconstituted PIF) and in the residual lumen liquid (up to 107 Enterobacteriaceae cfu/ml, average volume 250 µl). The most common isolates were Enterobacter cancerogenus (41%), Serratia marcescens (36%), E. hormaechei (33%), Escherichia coli (29%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), Raoultella terrigena (10%), and S. liquefaciens (12%). Other organisms isolated included C. sakazakii (2%),Yersinia enterocolitica (1%),Citrobacter freundii (1%), E. vulneris (1%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (1%), and P. luteola (1%). The enteral feeding tubes were in place between < 6 h (22%) to > 48 h (13%). All the S. marcescens isolates from the enteral feeding tubes were resistant to amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav. Of additional importance was that a quarter of E. hormaechei isolates were resistant to the 3rd generation cephalosporins ceftazidime and cefotaxime. During the period of the study, K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens caused infections in the two NICUs. Conclusion This study shows that neonatal enteral feeding tubes, irrespective of feeding regime, act as loci for the bacterial attachment and multiplication of numerous opportunistic pathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae family. Subsequently, these organisms will enter the stomach as a bolus with each feed. Therefore, enteral feeding tubes are an important risk factor to consider with respect to neonatal infections.

Produção de biogás a partir da co-digestão de resíduos da geração de energia

Aplicações de microalgas tem tornado esses micro-organismos importantes em pesquisas com fins tanto comerciais como energéticos. A biofixação de CO2 por microalgas é vista como uma forma economicamente viável e ambientalmente sustentável para mitigar as emissões de CO2 e geração de biomassa para obtenção de bioprodutos de alto valor agregado como os biocombustíveis. Na digestão anaeróbia da biomassa de microalgas a adição de um cosubstrato rico em carbono pode facilitar o processo de produção de biogás. O glicerol possui alta concentração de carbono orgânico e é solúvel em água. Neste sentido, a combinação de ambos os substratos pode solucionar um dos principais problemas para o processo de digestão, que reside no equilíbrio da razão (C/N). Co-digestão anaeróbia consiste na digestão anaeróbia de uma mistura de dois ou mais substratos com composições complementares. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a geração de biogás através da co-digestão anaeróbia de biomassa de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 e glicerol bruto. Para a realização do estudo foram construídos e operados sete biorreatores com volume útil de 1,5 L, alimentados com 5, 6, 10, 15 e 20 g.L -1 da mistura de biomassa de Spirulina e glicerol. A adição de diferentes quantidades de glicerol (5 e 10 g.L -1 ) foi utilizada como um suplemento na digestão anaeróbia em sistema de batelada. A razão C/N variou de 3,3×103 a 23,7. Os ensaios foram realizados a 35 °C, em reatores equipados com sistema de coleta de gás, alimentação e retirada do efluente líquido, operados em batelada sequencial. O efluente líquido dos reatores foi analisado quanto ao pH, nitrogênio amoniacal e alcalinidade. O volume de biogás produzido diariamente foi medido em gasômetro de frasco invertido. Em todos os ensaios, os valores médios de pH variaram de 7,0 a 7,3 e nitrogênio amoniacal de 62,02 a 1100,99 mg.L-1 . A alcalinidade do efluente variou entre 1133,37 e 3578,98 mg.L-1 CaCO3. Em todos os ensaios com adição de glicerol houve incremento na produção específica de biogás (0,16 – 0,24 d -1 ) quando comparado ao ensaio em que somente biomassa microalgal era alimentada no processo (0,03 L.d-1 ), demonstrando ser esta uma alternativa interessante para a produção de biocombustível e concomitante agregação de valor ao glicerol residual da produção de biodiesel.

Co-creative media : theorising digital storytelling as a platform for researching and developing participatory culture

This paper considers the question, ‘what is co-creative media, and why is it a useful idea in social media research’? The term ‘co-creative media’ is now used by Creative Industries researchers at QUT to describe their digital storytelling practices. Digital storytelling is a set of collaborative digital media production techniques that have been used to facilitate social participation in numerous Australian and international contexts. Digital storytelling has been adapted by Creative Industries researchers at QUT as a platform for researching the potential of vernacular creativity in a variety of contexts, including social inclusion of marginalized and disadvantaged groups; inclusion in public histories of narratives that might be overlooked; and articulation of voices that otherwise remain silent in the formulation of social and economic development strategies. The adaption of digital storytelling to different contexts has been shaped by the reflexive, recursive, and pragmatic requirements of action research. Amongst other things, this activity draws attention to the agency of researchers in facilitating these kinds of participatory media processes and outcomes. This discussion serves to problematise concepts of participatory media by introducing the term ‘co-creative media’ and differentiating these from other social media production practices.

Co-creating games: A co-evolutionary analysis

ABSTRACT. The phenomenon of consumer co-creation is often framed in terms of whether either economic market forces or socio-cultural non-market forces ultimately dominate. We propose an alternate model of consumer co-creation in terms of co-evolution between markets and non-markets. Our model is based on a recent ethnographic study of a massively multiplayer online game through its development, release and ultimate failure, and cast in terms of two explanatory models: multiple games and social network markets. We conclude that consumer co-creation is indeed complex, but in ways that relate to both emergent market expectations and the evolution of markets, not to the transcendence of markets.

Co-creative expertise : Auran Games and Fury - a case study

This article discusses the ways in which the relations among professional and non-professional participants in co-creative relations are being reconfigured as part of the shift from a closed industrial paradigm of expertise toward open and distributed expertise networks. This article draws on ethnographic consultancy research undertaken throughout 2007 with Auran Games, a Brisbane, Australia based games developer, to explore the co-creative relationships between professional developers and gamers. This research followed and informed Auran’s online community management and social networking strategies for Fury (http://unleashthefury.com), a massively multiplayer online game released in October 2007. This paper argues that these co-creative forms of expertise involve co-ordinating expertises through social-network markets.

Co-constructed interaction in a paired speaking test : the rater's perspective

The definition and operationalisation of interactional competence in speaking tests that entail co-construction of discourse is an area of language testing requiring further research. This article explores the reactions of four trained raters to paired candidates who oriented to asymmetric patterns of interaction in a discussion task. Through an analysis of candidate discourse combined with rater notes, stimulated verbal recalls, rater discussions and scores awarded for interactional effectiveness, the article examines the extent to which raters compensate or penalise candidates for their role in co-constructing asymmetric interactional patterns. The article argues that key features of the interaction are perceived by the raters as mutual achievements, and it further suggests that the awarding of shared scores for interactional competence is one way of acknowledging the inherently co-constructed nature of interaction in a paired speaking test.

In the mouth of the imagination : positioning children as co-researchers and co-artists to create a professional children's theatre production

In recent decades a number of Australian artists and teacher/artists have given serious attention to the creation of performance forms and performance engagement models that respect children’s intelligence, engage with themes of relevance, avoid the cliche´s of children’s theatre whilst connecting both sincerely and playfully with current understandings of the way in which young children develop and engage with the world. Historically a majority of performing arts companies touring Australian schools or companies seeking schools to view a performance in a dedicated performance venue engage with their audiences in what can be called a ‘drop-in drop-out’ model. A six-month practice-led research project (The Tashi Project) which challenged the tenets of the ‘drop-in drop-out’ model has been recently undertaken by Sandra Gattenhof and Mark Radvan in conjunction with early childhood students from three Brisbane primary school classrooms who were positioned as co-researchers and co-artists. The children, researchers and performers worked in a complimentary relationship in both the artistic process and the development of product.

Non-adversarial advocates and gatekeepers : lawyers, FDR practitioners and co-operative post-separation parenting

The compulsory dispute resolution requirements in family law parenting cases create new roles and obligations for both lawyers and family dispute resolution (FDR) practitioners. This article will discuss how the legislative provisions impact on both sets of professionals in practice. It will also highlight the increased non-adversarial role of lawyers and a new role for FDR practitioners as “gatekeepers” to family courts in cases requiring FDR certificates.