Avaliação da microinfiltração marginal em restaurações de classe V em resina composta em dentes bovinos: efeito de diferentes equipamentos para preparos cavitários e sistemas adesivos

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Avaliação da microinfiltração marginal em restaurações de resina composta, quando o colágeno dentinário é mantido ou eliminado após o condicionamento ácido, alterando-se o período de armazenamento e a termociclagem

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Volumetric microleakage assessment of glass-ionomer-resin composite hybrid materials

Objective: This study was intended to quantify the marginal leakage of three glass-ionomer-resin composite hybrid materials and compare it with the leakage exhibited by a glass-ionomer cement and a bonded resin composite system. Method and materials: Standardized Class V cavities were prepared on root surfaces of 105 extracted human teeth, randomly assigned to five groups of 21 each, and restored with either Ketac-Fil Aplicap, Z100/Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus, Vitremer, Photac-Fil Aplicap, or Dyract. The teeth were thermally stressed for 500 cycles and stained with methylene blue. The microleakage was quantified spectrophotometrically, and the data were statistically analyzed with Friedman's test. Results: There were no significant differences in microleakage among the five groups. Restorations of all tested materials showed some marginal leakage in Class V cavities. Conclusion: The microleakage performance of glass-ionomer-resin composite hybrid materials was similar to those of a conventional glass-ionomer and a bonded resin composite system.

Resistência de união e microinfiltração em restaurações de resina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caries formation around restorative composite and glass ionomer cement

This in vitro study evaluated the demineralization around restorations class V made on the buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth when using different restorative materials. Thirty extracted teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the restorative material: Group I - Fuji II LC (GC America Inc., Alsip, Illinois, USA), Group II - Tetric (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and Group III - Chelon Fil (3M/ESPE., Seefeld, Germany). The teeth were submitted to a pH-cycling model associated to a thermocycling model. Sections were made and the specimens were analyzed under a polarized light microscopy as for the presence of demineralization. Measurements were performed and the results were subjected to statistical analysis using Anova and Tukey´s Test (α=0.05). Mean values of demineralization depth (µm) according to each positions showed that the demineralization was significantly reduced when Chelon Fil (Group III) was used for all depths, when compared to fluoridated resin materials. Also, it was verified that non-fluoridated resin material, composite resin Tetric, had the lowest inhibitory effect on the development of demineralization.

Emprego de ma teriais rest auradores adesivos direto no ângulo incisal de incisivos centrais fra turados

A case report of a patient who presents as chief complaint presence of stained restorations in the anterior teeth. After analysis and discussion of the clinical therapeutic approaches to be adopted, it was observed the presence of type class IV restorations on teeth 11 and 21, due to an oblique coronal fracture in the past. But the patient was not satisfied with the aesthetic result, then where was planned the realization of the removal of the restorations, for subsequently be used direct restorative materials for the correction of form, function and esthetics. The final result showed that the restorations were able to return the form, function and aesthetic dental, thereby evidencing the proven development of restorative dentistry in the solution of aesthetic problems.

A method to investigate the shrinkage stress developed by resin-composites bonded to a single flat surface

Objectives. To purpose a method for predicting the shrinkage stress development in the adhesive layer of resin-composite cylinders that shrink bonded to a single flat surface, by measuring the deflection of a glass coverslip caused by the shrinkage of the bonded cylinders. The correlation between the volume of the bonded resin-composite and the stress-peak was also investigated. Methods. A glass coverslip deflection caused by the shrinkage of a bonded resin-composite cylinder (diameter: d = 8 mm, 4 mm, or 2 mm, height: h = 4 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, or 0.5 mm) was measured, and the same set-up was simulated by finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Stresses generated in the adhesive layer were plotted versus two geometric variables of the resin-composite cylinder (C-Factor and volume) to verify the existence of correlations between them and stresses. Results. The FEA models were validated. A significant correlation (p < 0.01, Pearson's test) between the stress-peak and the coverslip deflection when the resin-composites were grouped by diameter was found for diameters of 2 and 4 mm. The stress-peak of the whole set of data showed a logarithmic correlation with the bonded resin-composite volume (p < 0.001, Pearson's test), but did not correlate with the C-Factor. Significance. The described method should be considered for standardizing the stress generated by the shrinkage of resin-composite blocks bonded to a single flat surface. (C) 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of caries risk at resin composite margins

PURPOSE: To design an artificial mouth in order to evaluate if a new diagnostic tool (Clinpro Cario Diagnosis) can be used for early detection of secondary caries at resin composite margins in vitro. METHODS: 32 intact human third molars received standardized Class-V resin composite restorations (Tetric Ceram bonded with Syntac SC). After storage for 4 weeks at 37 degrees C, teeth were subjected to 5,000 or 10,000 thermocycles (+/- 5 degrees C and +/- 55 degrees C) and polysiloxane impressions were taken. Streptococcus mutans 10449 (SM) was used in a nutrition medium to initiate a secondary caries process. Daily, the teeth were incubated for 2 x 2.5 hours in SM containing nutrition medium followed by 2 x 9.5 hours incubation in artificial saliva. Teeth were investigated after total incubation periods of 4, 6, and 8 weeks. After the different incubation protocols, the restoration margins were evaluated for infection and secondary caries processes in using Clinpro Cario Diagnosis which measures site-specifically the lactic acid production of SM in response to a sucrose challenge. The color signal was read 5 minutes after removal of the diagnostic impression. After thermocycling and biological load cycling, precision polysiloxane impressions were taken and replicas were investigated under a light microscope for gap widths at enamel and dentin margins. Demineralization was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy in using a special FITC filter. The demineralization depths at the cavity margin were calculated with Xpert for Windows using a pixel distance of 5 microm. RESULTS: After the different thermocycling protocols, no differences in gap widths and demineralization depths were found (P > 0.05). After SM incubation, gap widths and demineralization depths were significantly dependent on SM incubation time and previous number of thermocycles (P < 0.05). Lactic acid formations of SM were detectable by Clinpro Cario Diagnosis at dentin cavosurface margins formed after 6 weeks of incubation with SM (P < 0.05).

The terminal tail region of a yeast myosin-V mediates its attachment to vacuole membranes and sites of polarized growth

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae myosin-V, Myo2p, has been implicated in the polarized movement of several organelles and is essential for yeast viability. We have shown previously that Myo2p is required for the movement of a portion of the lysosome (vacuole) into the bud and consequently for proper inheritance of this organelle during cell division. Class V myosins have a globular carboxyl terminal tail domain that is proposed to mediate localization of the myosin, possibly through interaction with organelle-specific receptors. Here we describe a myo2 allele whose phenotypes support this hypothesis. vac15–1/myo2–2 has a single mutation in this globular tail domain, causing defects in vacuole movement and inheritance. Although a portion of wild-type Myo2p fractionates with the vacuole, the myo2–2 gene product does not. In addition, the mutant protein does not concentrate at sites of active growth, the predominant location of wild-type Myo2p. Although deletion of the tail domain is lethal, the myo2–2 gene product retains the essential functions of Myo2p. Moreover, myo2–2 does not cause the growth defects and lethal genetic interactions seen in myo2–66, a mutant defective in the actin-binding domain. These observations suggest that the myo2–2 mutation specifically disrupts interactions with selected myosin receptors, namely those on the vacuole membrane and those at sites of polarized growth.

Subcellular Localization of Myosin-V in the B16 Melanoma Cells, a Wild-type Cell Line for the dilute Gene

The discovery that the dilute gene encodes a class V myosin led to the hypothesis that this molecular motor is involved in melanosome transport and/or dendrite outgrowth in mammalian melanocytes. The present studies were undertaken to gain insight into the subcellular distribution of myosin-V in the melanoma cell line B16-F10, which is wild-type for the dilute gene. Immunofluorescence studies showed some degree of superimposed labeling of myosin-V with melanosomes that predominated at the cell periphery. A subcellular fraction highly enriched in melanosomes was also enriched in myosin-V based on Western blot analysis. Immunoelectron microscopy showed myosin-V labeling associated with melanosomes and other organelles. The stimulation of B16 cells with the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone led to a significant increase in myosin-V expression. This is the first evidence that a cAMP signaling pathway might regulate the dilute gene expression. Immunofluorescence also showed an intense labeling of myosin-V independent of melanosomes that was observed within the dendrites and at the perinuclear region. Although the results presented herein are consistent with the hypothesis that myosin-V might act as a motor for melanosome translocation, they also suggest a broader cytoplasmic function for myosin-V, acting on other types of organelles or in cytoskeletal dynamics.

Restorative treatment practices and dentist-related factors

This study aimed at elucidating real-life aspects of restorative treatment practices. In addition, dentists' views and perceptions of and variation in restorative treatment practices with respect to dentist-related factors were evaluated. Reasons for placement and replacement of restoration, material selection, posterior restoration longevity, and the use of local anesthesia were assessed on two cross-sectional data sets. Data from the Helsinki Public Dental Service (PDS) included details on 3057 restorations performed by dentists (n=134) during routine clinical work in 2001. The other PDS data from Vantaa were based on 205 patient records of young adults containing information on 1969 restorations investigated retrospectively from 1994-1996 backwards; 51 dentists performed the restorations. In addition, dentists’ self-reported use of local anesthesia and estimates of restoration longevity were investigated by means of a nationwide questionnaire sent to 592 general dental practitioners selected by systematic sampling from the membership list of the Finnish Dental Association in 2004. All data sets included some background information on dentists such as gender, year of birth or graduation, and working sector. In PDS in 2001, primary caries was the reason for placement of restoration more often among patients aged under 19 years than among older patients (p<0.001). Among patients over 36 years of age, replacements represented the majority. Regarding dentist-related factors, replacements of restorations were made by younger dentists more frequently than by older dentists (p<0.001). In PDS in 1994-1996, the replacement rate of posterior restorations was greater among female dentists than among male dentists (p=0.01), especially for amalgams (p=0.008). The mean age of replaced posterior restoration among young adults was 8.9 (SD 5.2) years for amalgam and 2.4 (SD 1.4) years for tooth-colored restorations, the actual replacement rate for all existing posterior restorations being 7% in PDS in 1994-1996. Of all restorative materials used, a clear majority (69%) were composites in PDS in 2001. Local anesthesia was used in 48% of cases and more frequently for older patients (55%) than for patients aged under 13 years (35%) (p<0.001). Younger dentists more often used local anesthesia for primary restoration than did the older dentists (p<0.001), especially for primary teeth (p=0.005). Working sector had an impact on dentists’ self-reported use of local anesthesia and estimates of restoration longevity; public sector dentists reported using local anesthesia more frequently than private sector dentists for Class II (p=0.04) and for Class III restorations (p=0.01). Private sector dentists gave longer estimates of posterior composite longevity than public sector dentists (p=0.001). In conclusion, restorative treatment practices seem to vary according to patient age and also dentist-related factors. Replacements of restorations are common for adults. For children, clear underuse of local anesthesia prevails.

Influência de propriedades físico químicas dos materiais resinosos e da técnica de inserção na adaptação marginal de restaurações classe II

A contração de polimerização das resinas compostas é uma característica indesejável que compromete a integridade da interface dente/restauração. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a influência de diferentes materiais usados em restaurações classe II de resina composta, quanto ao grau de conversão, tensão de contração, resistência a flexão, módulo de elasticidade e formação de fenda marginal. Foram realizados preparos classe II com dimensões de 4x4x2mm em terceiros molares recém-extraídos para a avaliação da formação de fenda marginal. As cavidades foram niveladas com cimento de ionômero de vidro Riva Light Cure (SDI) (CIV), resina de baixa contração SureFilSDR (Dentsply) (SDR), resina flow FiltekZ350Flow (3M/ESPE) (Z350F) e resina composta FiltekP90 (3M/ESPE) (P90). As restaurações (n=3) foram avaliadas com lupa estereoscópica. A resistência a flexão foi avaliada por meio de ensaio de flexão em três pontos. Para este ensaio foram confeccionados dez corpos de prova (n=10) de cada material com dimensões de 10x2x1mm. Para o teste de tensão de contração foram utilizados cilindros de polimetacrilato com 5 mm de diâmetro e 13 ou 28mm de comprimento. Os bastões foram fixados na EMIC com um espaço de 2mm entre eles, onde os materiais foram inseridos. Foram realizadas cinco repetições para cada grupo (n=5) e a tensão proveniente da contração foi medida por até 10 minutos após o início da fotopolimerização. O Grau de Conversão (GC) foi determinado por espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Os resultados foram tratados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Fenda marginal: Z350F = CIV > SDR = P90. Tensão de contração: Z350F > SDR > CIV = P90. Resistência a flexão: P90 > SDR = Z350F > CIV. Módulo de Elasticidade: P90 > CIV = SDR = Z350F. GC: Z350F = SDR > P90 > CIV. Conclusões: existe correlação entre a formação de fenda marginal e as propriedades físico químicas dos materiais testados, sendo as resinas de baixa contração que proporcionaram melhor adaptação marginal; existe correlação entre resistência a flexão, módulo de elasticidade, tensão de contração e a composição dos materiais, já que os compósitos com melhores resultados foram os que apresentaram os maiores percentuais de carga, no entanto, maior grau de conversão não representou melhores propriedades mecânicas.

Efeito do reforço estrutural em cimentos de ionômero de vidro com fibras de vidro em restaurações classe II de molares decíduos: estudo in vitro

Os objetivos deste estudo foram medir o efeito do reforço estrutural com a adição de fibras de vidro, na resistência ao teste de tração diametral e no selamento marginal de restaurações classe II com cimento de ionômero de vidro em molares decíduos. Fibras de vidro foram incorporadas ao pó do cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) na concentração de 40%. As fibras usadas foram do tipo E com comprimentos que variavam de 50m a 210m. A propriedade mecânica foi verificada através do teste de tração diametral, após 15 minutos, 24 horas e 15 dias de estocagem em água. Corpos de prova foram preparados com as dimensões de 4x8 mm para cada intervalo de tempo de acordo com as normas do fabricante e padrões internacionais. Para o teste de microinfiltração foram usados segundos molares decíduos hígidos, onde foram preparadas cavidades classe II padronizadas em dois grupos: a) controle com CIV Ketac Molar Easymix (3M/ESPE); e b) teste Ketac Molar Easymix (3M/ESPE); reforçado com fibras. Estes dentes foram restaurados e deixados em água por 24h e, a seguir, imersos em solução de nitrato de prata a 50% pelo mesmo período. Para que houvesse a precipitação de sais de prata os dentes foram colocados em solução reveladora de radiografias por 15 minutos. Para analisar a microinfiltração os espécimes foram seccionados na direção mesio-distal obtendo duas amostras de observação para cada cavidade restaurada. Os resultados do teste mecânico foram analisados através dos testes de variância ANOVA e de múltiplas variáveis de Tukey. Os resultados da microinfiltração foram analisados através do teste de MANN-WHITNEY. Com a metodologia empregada foi possível concluir que houve aumento dos valores de tração diametral no CIV com a adição de fibras de vidro. Para os intervalos de 24 horas e 15 dias, o CIV reforçado com fibras apresentou valores de tração diametral superiores àqueles do CIV não reforçado, havendo diferença significativa estatística (p<0,05) para os intervalos testados. No teste de microinfiltração os grupos mostraram valores semelhantes de infiltração marginal. A adição das fibras de vidro tipo E aumentou a resistência à tração diametral do CIV testado em relação ao grupo controle e as fibras de vidro não alteraram a adesão do cimento reforçado.

Polyacid-modified composite resins ("compomers") and their use in clinical dentistry

OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the chemistry and properties of polyacid-modified composite resins ("compomers") designed for use in clinical dentistry, and reviews the literature in this area. METHODS: Information has been obtained from over 50 published articles appearing in the dental and biomaterials literature, with studies being principally identified through MedLine. RESULTS: Published work shows that polyacid-modified composite resins constitute a discrete class of polymeric repair material for use in dentistry. Their distinction is that they contain hydrophilic components, and these cause water to be drawn into the material following cure. This triggers an acid-base reaction, and gives the materials certain clinically-desirable properties (fluoride release, buffering capability) that are also associated with glass-ionomer cements. The water uptake leads to a decline in certain, though not all, physical properties. However, clinical studies have shown these materials to perform acceptably in a variety of applications (Class I, Class II and Class V cavities, as fissure sealants and as orthodontic band cements), especially in children's teeth. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Polyacid-modified composite resins constitute a versatile class of dental repair material, whose bioactivity confers clinical advantages, and which are particularly useful in children's dentistry.

Evaluation of dental pulp repair using low level laser therapy (688 nm and 785 nm) morphologic study in capuchin monkeys

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) 688 nm and 785 nm accelerate dentin barrier formation and repair process after traumatic pulp exposure. The sample consisted of 45 premolars of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) with pulp exposure Class V cavities. All premolars were treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)), divided in groups of 15 teeth each, and analyzed on 7(th), 25(th), and 60(th) day. Group GI - only Ca(OH)(2), GIF- laser 688 nm, and GIII - laser 785 nm. Laser beam was used in single and punctual dose with the parameters: continuous, 688 nm and 785 nm wavelength, tip`s area of 0.00785 cm(2), power 50 mW, application time 20 s, dose 255 J/cm(2), energy 2 J. Teeth were capped with Ca(OH)(2), Ca(OH)(2) cement and restored with amalgam. All groups presented pulp repair. On 25(th) day the thickness of the formed dentin barrier was different between the groups GI and GII (p < 0.05) and between groups GI and GIII (p < 0.01). On 60(th) day there was difference between GI and GIII (p < 0.01). It may be concluded that, LLLT 688 nm and 785 nm accelerated dentin barrier formation and consequently pulp repair process, with best results using infrared laser 785 nm. (c) 2009 by Astro Ltd. Published exclusively by WLLEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA