Eve Simony, Rollenbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11805

Eve Simony, Rollenbild, Profil

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11806

Eve Simony, Rollenbild, Profil

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11807

Eve Simony, Rollenbild, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11808

Eve Simony als Manon Lescaut, Rollenbild, Kniestück, in: Manon

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11809

Eve Simony als Lakmé, Rollenbild, in: Léo Delibes: Lakmé

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11810

Eve Simony als Lakmé, Rollenbild, in: Léo Delibes: Lakmé

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11811

Eve Simony, Rollenbild, Hüftbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11812

Eve Simony, Rollenbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11813

Eve Simony, Rollenbild, Kniestück

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11814

Eve Simony, Rollenbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11815

Malaria’s Eve: Evidence of a recent population bottleneck throughout the world populations of Plasmodium falciparum

We have analyzed DNA sequences from world-wide geographic strains of Plasmodium falciparum and found a complete absence of synonymous DNA polymorphism at 10 gene loci. We hypothesize that all extant world populations of the parasite have recently derived (within several thousand years) from a single ancestral strain. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the time when this most recent common ancestor lived is between 24,500 and 57,500 years ago (depending on different estimates of the nucleotide substitution rate); the actual time is likely to be much more recent. The recent origin of the P. falciparum populations could have resulted from either a demographic sweep (P. falciparum has only recently spread throughout the world from a small geographically confined population) or a selective sweep (one strain favored by natural selection has recently replaced all others). The selective sweep hypothesis requires that populations of P. falciparum be effectively clonal, despite the obligate sexual stage of the parasite life cycle. A demographic sweep that started several thousand years ago is consistent with worldwide climatic changes ensuing the last glaciation, increased anthropophilia of the mosquito vectors, and the spread of agriculture. P. falciparum may have rapidly spread from its African tropical origins to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world only within the last 6,000 years. The recent origin of the world-wide P. falciparum populations may account for its virulence, as the most malignant of human malarial parasites.