Distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas em relação a um gradiente ambiental na bacia do Rio Itanhaém, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A system for environmental monitoring of hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil

Environmental monitoring of aquatic systems is an important tool to support policy makers and environmental managers' decisions. Long-term, continuous collection of environmental data is fundamental to the understanding of an aquatic system. This paper aims to present the integrated system for environmental monitoring (SIMA), a long-term temporal series system with a web-based archive for limnological and meteorological data. The following environmental parameters are measured by SIMA: chlorophyll-a (µgL-1), water surface temperature (ºC), water column temperature by a thermistor string (ºC), turbidity (NTU), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (mg L-1), electric conductivity (µS cm-1), wind speed (ms-1) and direction (º), relative humidity (%), shortwave radiation (Wm-2) and barometric pressure (hPa). The data were collected in a preprogrammed time interval (1 hour) and were transmitted by satellite in quasi-real time for any user within 2500 km of the acquisition point. So far, 11 hydroelectric reservoirs are being monitored with the SIMA buoy. Basic statistics (mean and standard deviation) and an example of the temporal series of some parameters were displayed at a database with web access. However, sensor and satellite problems occurred due to the high data acquisition frequency. Sensors problems occurred due to the environmental characteristics of each aquatic system. Water quality sensors rapidly degrade in acidic waters, rendering the collected data invalid. Data is also rendered invalid when sensors become infested with periphyton. Problems occur with the satellites' reception of system data when satellites pass over the buoy antenna. However, the data transfer at some inland locations was not completed due to the satellite constellation position. Nevertheless, the integrated system of water quality and meteorological parameters is an important tool in understanding the aquatic system dynamic. It can also be used to create hydrodynamics models of the aquatic system to allow for the study of meteorological implications to the water body.

A similaridade no uso do microhabitat por girinos (Amphibia, Anura) reflete processos ecológicos ou filogenéticos?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de armadilha de emersão para captura de flebotomíneos em área com transmissão e sem transmissão de LVA e LTA, na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Zoneamento geoambiental do estado do Tocantins

The lack of environment planning studies in Brazil drives to an imbalance due to a disorderly occupation in some areas. As the youngest Brazilian state facing a fast occupation, Tocantins is included on this situation. In order to provide guidelines for an environment planning studies, this paper is under geoenvironmental zoning which is based on the integration of physical aspects. This detailed study supported by maps elaborated on GIS environment, will be able to present the support for planning studies focused on the potential or limitation of the area

Considerações sobre as consequências dos Desastres Hidrometeorológicos no Brasil de 2009 a 2011

The disaster natural disaster stand as one of the greatest challenges of urban man. Cities are built and modeled as a function of economic and political issues, without respecting environmental characteristics. So it is possible to see through the data of the National Civil Defence large number of disasters occurring in Brazilian cities in the years 2009 to 2011, and in all were reported over 5000 occurrences of natural disasters over the years. The Brazilian public policy failures show up in issues of urban planning where to admit the allocation of people in inappropriate areas. Another issue to be considered is the non-response of the population to civil defense warnings, people often prefer to risk staying in high-risk areas for fear of being robbed while they are away, and end up not serving the notices given by the Civil Defense, increase thus the number of victims when in fact the weather event triggers natural disasters one

Zoneamento geoambiental do município e região de Franca-SP

O município de Franca-SP situa-se na Província Geomorfológica das Cuestas Basálticas no nordeste paulista, a qual possui características ambientais próprias. De uma forma geral, a região de Franca enfrenta problemas ambientais como a suscetibilidade à erosão linear e laminar, aos movimentos de massa e ao assoreamento dos canais de drenagem. Estes problemas, por sua vez, induzem a situações socioeconômicas, como o incremento da pobreza, aglomeração urbana e, uma emergente demanda da sociedade por mudanças no âmbito da gestão local. Assim, devem ser efetuados estudos detalhados sobre o meio, a fim de minimizar e/ou evitar tais problemas. Desta forma, propos-se a realização do Zoneamento Geoambiental, o que implica no levantamento, análise, interpretação e correlação dos diferentes componentes ambientais, visando dar subsídio a órgãos públicos e proprietários rurais, tanto na fase de planejamento como na implantação de culturas agrícolas, pecuária, reflorestamento e uso da água superficial (lençol freático), de maneira racional e ambientalmente sustentável, garantindo assim a ocupação adequada do solo e a melhor conservação dos recursos naturais. O trabalho iniciou-se com a organização e reinterpretação dos dados pré-existentes (topográficos, geológicos, pedológicos, geomorfológicos, morfoestruturais, de coberturas de alteração intempérica e sócio-econômicos) e geração e/ou reorganização de novos dados e propostas para a minimização dos impactos sócio-ambientais (rede de drenagem, hipsométricos, morfométricos, tectônicos, geológicos, geomorfológicos, climáticos e bióticos) com a utilização de técnicas de fotointerpretação de diversos sensores remotos e de campo. Deste modo, a correlação de todas as informações geoambientais relativas ao município proporcionou a delimitação das suas zonas e subzonas geoambientais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise do conforto térmico da cidade de Mirandópolis/SP em seus espaços abertos

Mirandópolis/SP appeared in 1934 from the railroad “the Brazil Northwest”, that there it served one of the points of its stretch that had as main function to drain the agricultural production northwestern native of São Paulo of that time. The installation of the town happened absent of concerns with initial urbanístico planning, thus modifying its natural landscape and modifying characteristic ambient without compensatory measures aiming at a future expansion of the urban mesh. Fact this that still causes today consequences the quality of life of the people and also the observed thermal comfort later. Ahead of this, the present work had for objective to identify through measurements of temperature and relative humidity of the city of Mirandópolis/SP the differences that in the fabric urban they corroborate for a comfort situation or thermal discomfort to the outdoors in accordance with the Diagram Bioclimático de Olgyay the collection of data was made throughout the month of July of 2011 involving the attainment of information of Temperature and relative humidity of air and questionnaire applied to the passer-bys in the act of the measurements. Also approaching the different thermal dynamic of the zones of housing in relation to the Urban Cannyon that develops the commerce as predominant activity. This research sample that, although a city to be small, the quality of life of its inhabitants is not only guaranteed by the transport or that its thermal comfort reveals inside homogeneous of the urban perimeter, but that it has yes heterogeneidade in the scope of the urban climate in these spaces

Proposta de recuperação e manejo de nascente em área rural do município de Álvares Machado – SP

The lack of proper planning in intervention works of runoff water on rural properties and rural public roads leads to economic damage and loss of environmental quality. The impact of the action without technical base is soil erosion, siltation of water sources, loss of the quality and availability of water, invalidating areas for cultivation and livestock. The conservation of headwaters requires beyond regeneration of the environmental characteristics the repair and management of the degraded watercourse in order to control erosion. This graduate work in Environmental Engineering from Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Presidente Prudente proposes a headwater recuperation and management in rural area of Álvares Machado municipality, São Paulo State, through the method of deep drainage applied to the case of a rural road near the outcrop of water. This technique consists in the installation of draining structures in sub-areas of the road surface, or sub-gutter and/or in the platform border in order to conduct the underground flow of water and reduce the loss of sediment in water flow. Therefore, was performed a historic study of use and occupation of land in the municipality of Álvares Machado, portraying transformations of the landscape caused by human action. Geology, geomorphology, pedology and hydrogeology data were collected from the study area in order to establish the conditions that led into the current situation of degradation and formulate an effective intervention strategy for civil works

Diagnóstico ambiental de atividades de mineração com ênfase em olarias no município de Rio Claro (SP)

The environmental diagnosis of any area affected for mining activities contributes in a positive form for the analysis of the characteristics of the environment, biological and social, thus being able to establish control parameters. The clay extration for red ceramics promotes the environment degradation as any another one cultivates of mineral goods, but in lesser scale, which had to the dimensions of potteries. Being thus, some decurrent environment characteristics of the clay extration had been inquired clearly used for potteries located in the city of Rio Claro, SP. For this, the followed method was the cadastre of these areas and potteries in created tables, searching, with this, the contribution for the involved people in the extract activity of related potteries and the facilitation in the visualization of the main problems, necessities and proposals for each one. It could be perceived that the environmental diagnosis of the areas had in common presented referring points to the places where if they find the activities. The same ones are located in the region the northwest of Rio Claro and well next one to the others. Moreover, they have in common, referring characteristics to the process of manufacture of bricks. In common, all the responsibility for the administration and course of the activities competes to the proper families, since the administrative part, even though to the process of manufacture of the bricks. Moreover, from the comment of the areas through field work, the prominent use of diverse areas in the region for the clay extration is noticed, making with that the region has great importance in the regional scene.

Análise de agrupamentos para o reconhecimento de padrões de infestação de aracnídeos em zonas urbanas

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Zoneamento geoambiental do município de Itápolis (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Assessing land use by cattle in heterogeneous environments

The aim of this note is to describe preliminary results on assessment of land use by cattle, obtained in a pilot study using Geographic Information System (GIS). The research was carried out on a semi-natural pasture in Sweden, where the geographic positions of one cow were recorded during 25 consecutive days during summer. The cow, wearing a GPS collar, was integrated in a herd of 53 Hereford cattle. Each location point registered for the animal was considered as a sampling unit (N=3,097). The spatial distribution of ground declivity, water sources, cattle tracks, and classes of woody vegetation cover (forest, grassland with trees and open grassland) were recorded. The storage, processing and data analysis were carried out using the Idrisi and GS+ softwares. Three occupation zones were identified in function of the variation in the space used by the animal, which were occupied in a cyclical pattern; with the animal moving from one zone to another in cycles of five days. It was also clear that the cattle distribution in the area was neither random nor uniform, and it was affected by environmental characteristics that act as conditioners on its distribution. These preliminary results suggest that definition of zones of occupation and the environmental conditioners are promising tools to understand the land use by cattle

Biologia populacional do camarão-ferrinho Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1874) (Decapoda: Penaeoidea) na região de Cananéia, litoral sul do estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diversidade de ictiofauna em trecho do riacho Taquaral no município de Itu, São Paulo

Este estudo foi desenvolvido no riacho Taquaral, que integra a Bacia hidrográfica do Pirapitingui, localizado na cidade de Itu, estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi conduzida com a finalidade de comparar a diversidade da ictiofauna em três pontos distintos de um trecho do riacho, além de obter variáveis ambientais físicas e químicas que poderiam distinguir as características abióticas e influenciar as particularidades bióticas de cada ponto. As coletas foram realizadas com materiais de pesca que consistiram em redes de espera, peneira e armadilhas de fundo do tipo covo. Uma lista das espécies foi elaborada utilizando-se de cálculo de riqueza, abundância relativa e abundância total por ambiente amostrado para então realizar as análises de diversidade se utilizando do Índice de Shannon por local de coleta, o qual assume que os indivíduos são amostrados ao acaso com origem em uma população indefinidamente grande e que todas as espécies são representadas na amostra. Além desse índice foram considerados os índices de similaridade de Jaccard, que compara a similaridade das espécies de dois locais levando em conta a presença ou ausência das espécies e o Índice de Morisita -Horn que abrange também a abundância dessas espécies. No total foram capturados 3490 exemplares pertencentes a 5 ordens e 7 famílias, em um total de 15 espécies, sendo que em um dos pontos (ponto1) foi observado menor quantidade de espécies e menor número de exemplares (8 espécies e 49 exemplares). Os demais pontos (pontos 2 e 3) obtiveram igual número de espécies (13), além dos maiores números em exemplares ( 1447 e 1994, respectivamente). Os resultados apontam a existência de diferenças nas características ambientais, também resultantes de influências antrópicas na região e consequente diferenciação na diversidade dos três pontos amostrados. A diversidade observada no Ponto 1, a partir do Índice de Shannon, foi a maior em...