1000 resultados para Cana-de-açúcar - Colheita
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During the sugarcane mechanized harvester process, the wear of base cutting knives is directly correlated to the quality of the cut made by the machines, and the use of quality control tools important in monitoring this process. Thus, the present study in Ribeirão Preto region aimed to assess the knives cut baseline and damage caused to wear brass knuckles in mechanized harvesting of cane raw sugar, from the viewpoint of statistical quality control (SQC). The wear of the knives was quantified by mass loss and its dimensions, while cutting quality was assessed by cutting height and damage to stumps visually classified according to the level of damage caused. The results showed that the wear of the knives was more pronounced in certain periods of use, but still within control standards. The cutting height was not affected by the wear of the knives, keeping within the limits of desirable quality for operation. Eventually damage the stumps ranged among themselves depending on each face of the cutting knives evaluated, and the predominance of certain classes of damage in each cutting face, but always remained in statistical control.
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In agriculture, the search for higher crop yields based on sustainable soil management has led to a gradual pursuit of knowledge of the variables related to production systems. The identification of the causes of variability of these properties has become a part of strategic planning in the sugar and ethanol industry. This study investigated the spatial variability of iron oxides in the clay fraction and its relationship to soil physical and chemical properties in different sugarcane cultivation systems in the region of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State. Two 1-ha plots were outlined in areas with mechanical and manual harvesting systems. Soil samples were taken at 126 points from the 0.00-0.25 m layer in both areas. The mineralogical and chemical data were subjected to geostatistical analyses, to determine the spatial dependence, semivariograms and kriging maps of the properties. To analyze the correlation between the parameters cross-semivariograms were constructed. The spatial variability of chemical properties was greater in areas with mechanical harvesting than burnt harvesting (manual harvesting), whereas the range of the mineralogical properties was largest in the area of green-harvested sugarcane. The properties organic matter, mean crystal diameter goethite had a negatively spatial correlation, while clay was positive correlated with P sorption in the two sugarcane harvest systems.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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2008
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2008
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In the last few years the sugar-cane mechanical harvested area has increased, especially in regions with appropriated slop. The use of this technology brings some inconveniences, such as, the increase in the percentage of extraneous matter, which causes the reduction of technological quality of the raw material, and losses in the field. Extraneous matter (trash) is composed of tops and leaves in major percentage, plus soil and roots, and eventually some metal parts. In the green cane harvest system the percentage of extraneous matter has a tendency to increase due to the great amount of vegetal matter to be processed. The increase in the blower fan speed to reduce the amount of extraneous matter can lead to an unacceptable economic level of raw material losses. The main objective of this work was, using a cane loss monitor, to evaluate and quantify the amount of visible losses of sugar cane through the primary extractor at two different fan speeds. Afterwards these losses were related to the harvester cleaning efficiency. The piezoelectric transducer shows a reasonable sensibility. The results show that the cleaning efficiency in the primary extractor (85% mean), the cane losses (between 5.68% and 2.15%) and fan speed are interrelated. The total losses and specially splinters (between 3.19% and 0.91%), showed a significant difference among the treatments.
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A base-cutter represented for a mechanism of four bars, was developed using the Autocad program. The normal force of reaction of the profile in the contact point was determined through the dynamic analysis. The equations of dynamic balance were based on the laws of Newton-Euler. The linkage was subject to an optimization technique that considered the peak value of soil reaction force as the objective function to be minimized while the link lengths and the spring constant varied through a specified range. The Algorithm of Sequential Quadratic Programming-SQP was implemented of the program computational Matlab. Results were very encouraging; the maximum value of the normal reaction force was reduced from 4,250.33 to 237.13 N, making the floating process much less disturbing to the soil and the sugarcane rate. Later, others variables had been incorporated the mechanism optimized and new otimization process was implemented .
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One of the problems found in mechanical harvest of sugar cane is the lack of synchronism between the harvest machine and the infield wagon, causing crop losses as well as operational capacity. The objective of the present research was to design a system capable of helping to synchronize the sugar cane harvest machine with the wagon. The communication between tractor and harvest machine is wireless. Two ultrasound sensors coupled to the elevator and a microprocessor manage such information, generating a correct synchronization among the machines. The system was tested in laboratory and on field performing its function adequately, maintaining the two machines in synchronization, indicating and alerting the operators their relative positions. The developed system reduced the sugar cane lost in 60 kg ha-1 comparing to the harvest with the system turned off.
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Among the important changes in the production processes, it is necessary to guarantee the sustainability of the human enterprises, what makes us to foresee changes in the managerial administration to adapt to a new model, with the insert of the concepts of Clean Production, Cleaner, Lean and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The main focus of this work was to elaborate a methodology that made it possible to guarantee the reliability in the waterworks of the sugarcane harvester, identifying and analyzing the manners of flaws, in order to result in the improvement of the environmental and socioeconomic quality in the atmosphere of an industry of sugarcane through the significant decrease of hydraulic oil spill. Through the existent report in ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), used in a Sugarcane Industry Plant, it was possible to accompany of the operational acting of the sugarcane harvester used during 03 crops, regarding the manners of flaws in the waterworks of the same ones, and, in one of the crops it was elaborated the total control of the waterworks of 5 harvesters. Based on the obtained data and the developed methodology it was possible to develop a software that specifies the electric outlet of decisions.
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A lei nº 11.241/2002 do estado de São Paulo proíbe a queima de cana-de-açúcar pré-colheita devido ao alto impacto que a fumaça desse processo causa na saúde coletiva e no meio ambiente. De modo gradativo, a previsão inicial era de que a proibição fosse efetiva em 2031. Posteriormente, acordo entre governo do Estado e União da Indústria de Cana-de-açúcar (Unica), estabeleceu redução do prazo para 2017. A cana-de-açúcar, quando não queimada, exige muito mais esforço dos cortadores, diminuindo a produtividade do corte manual em comparação às máquinas colheitadeiras. A ausência das queimadas traz benefícios à saúde e ao meio ambiente, no entanto, pouco ainda se sabe a respeito das consequências da mecanização para a mão de obra rural nos canaviais. Este artigo busca analisar esse quadro de incerteza sobre o que ocorrerá do ponto de vista dos cortadores de cana e o reconhecimento das consequências da lei em suas vidas. Durante a safra de cana de 2006, foram aplicados questionários a 40 cortadores de cana, de diferentes idades e gênero, no bairro Jardim América, em Macatuba-SP, em suas casas ou na rua. Perguntas qualitativas e quantitativas que abordavam temas socioeconômicos, de saúde, reconhecimento da lei e perspectivas de trabalho. Os entrevistados apresentaram um dilema entre o ar limpo e a perspectiva de trabalho. Muitos se apresentaram indecisos e sem incentivos a trabalhar em outros setores, apesar de grande parte gostar do local onde vive e se interessar por continuar a trabalhar na agricultura
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As diferentes respostas dos genótipos de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.), em relação à produtividade, quando submetidos a mudanças nos diferentes ciclos de colheita, representam problema para os agricultores e grande desafio para os melhoristas, sendo de interesse comum a identificação e obtenção de variedades que apresentem como características alta produtividade agroindustrial, ampla estabilidade, longevidade e excelente viabilidade econômica em sua exploração comercial. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho agroindustrial de 11 clones e 15 variedades de cana-de-açúcar, na microrregião canavieira da Zona Centro de Pernambuco, considerando-se os cultivos de cana planta, soca e ressoca, e eleger os genótipos mais produtivos. O experimento foi conduzido na área agrícola da Usina Petribú, município de Lagoa de Itaenga. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis toneladas de pol por hectare (TPH), toneladas de cana por hectare (TCH), fibra (FIB), pol % corrigida (PCC), pureza (PZA), teor de sólidos solúveis (BRIX) e açúcar total recuperável (ATR). Pela análise de variância, foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos, indicando variabilidade genética. A alta estimativa da herdabilidade média para a variável TCH indicou elevada possibilidade de êxito na seleção, baseando-se neste importante componente de produção. Por meio da análise econômica, constata-se que as variedades RB92579 e RB93509 apresentam melhor desempenho para colheita no início da safra.
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Aplicou-se ethephon nas dosagens de 0,2 e 3 l/ha em cana-de-açúcar NA 56-79, 31 dias antes da colheita. Dos colmos colhidos foram efetuadas avaliações referentes a: infestação da broca da cana; gemas danificadas,entumescidas e brotadas; altura dos colmos; comprimento do ápice; número total de gemas e por último, análises tecnológicas para Pol, Brix, pureza e teor de fibras. Os toletes obtidos desses colmos foram plantados combinando-se as três dosagens de ethephon com três densidades de plantio: colmos simples, cruzados e duplos. Foram coletados dados semanais e posteriormente mensais de brotação e dados mensais de altura dos colmos. Dados de produção e número de colmos produzidos foram tomados por ocasião do 1º, 2º e 3º cortes da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados revelaram que a aplicação de ethephon 2 l/ha, no estágio que antecede a colheita, promoveu um aumento do número de gemas e na altura dos colmos, e a dosagem 3 l/ha reduziu o teor de fibras na região apical da cana-de-açúcar em relação ao controle. Observou-se um aumento na velocidade de emergência de gemas obtidas de colmos tratados com o produto na dosagem 2 l/ha, antes do início do perfilhamento. Quanto à densidade de plantio, colmos duplos possibilitaram maior velocidade de emergência, seguidos de colmos cruzados, com relação a colmos simples. O crescimento, perfilhamento e produção de três anos consecutivos da cana-de-açúcar proveniente de toletes obtidos de plantas tratadas com ethephon não diferiram do controle. Notou-se um maior número de colmos produzidos no 1º ano, na densidade de plantio colmos duplos, quando comparados a colmos simples, sem, contudo, haver um aumento correspondente na produção.