Platelet profile is associated with clinical complications in patients with vivax and falciparum malaria in Colombia

Introduction Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in malaria patients. The relationship between abnormal platelet profile and clinical status in malaria patients is unclear. In low and unstable endemic regions where vivax malaria predominates, the hematologic profiles of malaria patients and their clinical utility are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the thrombograms of malaria patients from Colombia, where Plasmodium vivax infection is common, and to explore the relationship between thrombograms and clinical status. Methods Eight hundred sixty-two malaria patients were enrolled, including 533 (61.8%) patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 311 (36.1%) patients infected with Plasmodium vivax and 18 (2.1%) patients with mixed infections. Results The most frequently observed changes were low platelet count (PC) and high platelet distribution width (PDW), which were observed in 65% of patients; thrombocytopenia with <50,000 platelets/µL was identified in 11% of patients. Patients with complications had lower PC and plateletcrit (PT) and higher PDW values. A higher risk of thrombocytopenia was identified in patients with severe anemia, neurologic complications, pulmonary complications, liver dysfunction, renal impairment and severe hypoglycemia. The presence of thrombocytopenia (<150,000 platelets/µL) was associated with a higher probability of liver dysfunction. Conclusions Young age, longer duration of illness and higher parasitemia are associated with severe thrombocytopenia. Our study showed that thrombocytopenia is related to malaria complications, especially liver dysfunction. High PDW in patients with severe malaria may explain the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia that is common in this group of patients.

Dengue in Brazil and Colombia: a study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Introduction This study was conducted in Brazil and Colombia,where dengue is endemic and vector control programs use chemical insecticides. Methods We identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices about dengue and determined the infestation levels of Aedes aegypti in one Brazilian and four Colombian communities. Results The surveys show knowledge of the vector, but little knowledge about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Vector infestation indices show Brazil to have good relative control, while Colombia presents a high transmission risk. Conclusions Given the multidimensionality of dengue control, vertical control strategies are inadequate because they deny contextualized methods, alternative solutions, and local empowerment.

Cryptococcosis in Atlántico, Colombia: an approximation of the prevalence of this mycosis and the distribution of the etiological agent in the environment

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:Cryptococcosis is an invasive disease acquired by inhalation of infectious propagules from the environment. Currently, compulsory notification of the spread of this disease is not required in Colombia. However, reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome cases to the National Surveillance System has suggested that there is a growing population at risk of contracting cryptococcosis. Few studies have described the occurrence of cryptococcosis in Colombia. Therefore, in this study, we examined the pathology of this disease in Atlántico, Colombia and determined the distributions of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in the environment.METHODS:Clinical samples/isolates were gathered from cases of cryptococcosis previously diagnosed at health institutions in Atlántico, and surveys were completed by clinicians. The environmental study considered 32 sampling points and three tree species, i.e., Quickstick ( Gliricidia sepium ), Almond ( Terminalia catappa ), and Pink trumpet ( Tabebuia rosea ). Environmental and clinical samples/isolates were analyzed for phenotypic and genotypic confirmation.RESULTS:From 1997-2014, 41 cases of cryptococcosis were reported. The mean patient age was 40.5 years (range: 18-63 years); 76% were men, and 78% were HIV positive. Isolation was possible in 38 cases ( C. neoformans , molecular type VNI in 37 cases and C. gattii , molecular type VGI in one case). In 2012-2014, 2,068 environmental samples were analyzed with a positivity of 0.4% ( C. neoformans , molecular type VNI) in Almond and Pink trumpet trees.CONCLUSIONS:Cryptococcus neoformans , molecular type VNI had a higher prevalence than C. gattii and was associated with human exposure and the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in this geographical region.

Sperm tail flexibility test: a simple test for selecting viable spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection from semen samples without motile spermatozoa

PURPOSE: The objective was to describe the results of the injection of immotile spermatozoa with flexible tails when only immotile spermatozoa are present in the semen sample. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the procedure results for 10 couples who participated in our intracytoplasmic sperm injection program. The sperm tail was considered flexible when it moved up and down independently of the head movement, and it was considered inflexible when the movement occurred together (tail plus head). The fertilization and pregnancy rate were analyzed. RESULTS: The normal fertilization rate (presence of 2 pronuclei) was 30.3% (40/132), and the abnormal fertilization rate (presence of less than or more than 2 pronuclei) was 6.81% (9/132). A total of 52 embryos were obtained with 9 transfer procedures performed (pregnancy rate: 11.12%). CONCLUSIONS: The sperm tail flexibility test (STFT) is an easy and cost-effective way for selecting viable immotile spermatozoa and can be used as an alternative method for determining the viability of spermatozoa. This test seems to be a simple and risk-free method when compared to the swelling test.

Congelación de semen en porcinos: 4. Estudio trianual de la calidad del semen congelado en sistemas monodosis mediante la evaluación por pruebas de laboratorio y de fertilidad

La congelación del semen porcino se ha caracterizado por ser una técnica que no ha logrado alcanzar altos índices de fertilidad, hecho que ha dificultado su aplicación práctica a terreno y parte de su progreso genético. El problema particular radica en que la calidad espermática, por factores poco conocidos, disminuye considerablemente al momento de la descongelación. Como consecuencia, las tasas de fecundidad, fertilidad y prolificidad son inferiores a las obtenidas mediante monta natural o inseminación artificial con semen fresco refrigerado. Pese a esta dificultad, la fertilidad es adecuada para casos de importación, exportación, introducción de nuevas líneas de sangre y uso de semen de machos con alto mérito genético. (...) Entre los factores más importantes que afectan la fertilidad del semen congelado se citan el efecto individual de los machos, de mala congelabilidad, el efecto raza, el momento óptimo para inseminar a la hembra en celo, la estación del año y el tiempo de almacenaje del semen, entre otros. (...) Objetivos Generales: El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un programa anual destinado, en una primera etapa, a mejorar la técnica de laboratorio con equipamiento de mayor desarrollo tecnológico y utilizando nuevos envases; en una segunda etapa a estudiar el efecto raza y el efecto individual, con un pool de semen de diferentes machos; y en una tercera etapa, consistente en aplicar el mejor semen criopreservado, en el momento biológico óptimo de la hembra en celo, con el fin de aumentar la fertilidad y prolificidad. Objetivos Específicos: 1. Primer Año Mejorar las técnicas de congelación utilizando nuevos equipos y estudiar la calidad del semen porcino congelado en micropajuelas (Mp) y bolsas plásticas (Bp) evaluando la capacidad fecundante por pruebas de laboratorio y pruebas de fertilidad en animales vivos. 2. Segundo Año Estudiar la calidad del semen porcino congelado en Mp y/o Bp utilizando un pool de semen de tres machos de razas diferentes y evaluar su capacidad fecundante por pruebas de fertilidad a campo. 3. Tercer Año Estudiar la calidad del semen porcino congelado en Mp y/o Bp, utilizando un pool de semen de tres machos diferentes e inseminándolo en el momento biológico óptimo del celo.

Medición del nivel de orientación empática en alumnos de facultades o carreras de odontología de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panamá y Perú.

Las investigaciones, tanto a nivel médico como odontológico, indican que la empatía ha estado relacionada, teóricamente o empíricamente, a diversos atributos, tales como el comportamiento prosocial, habilidad para recabar la historia clínica, aumento del grado de satisfacción del paciente y del médico, mejores relaciones terapéuticas y buenos resultados clínicos. El objetivo del proyecto es determinar y describir el nivel de empatía de los alumnos que cursan Odontología de algunas Universidades de Latinoamericana, según el nivel de enseñanza y el género. Esta investigación corresponde a un estudio no experimental y de carácter exploratorio. Este tipo de diseño es transversal, descriptivo y ex post facto causa y efecto (potencialmente correlacional). Este proyecto dará origen a un trabajo que se especializará en recolectar datos en un momento temporal determinado para describir en él las variables que se estudiarán, y analizar su comportamiento y posibles asociaciones existentes entre estas variables. La población comprende a los estudiantes pertenecientes a los niveles 1º a 5º de la carrera de Odontología de cada una de las Facultades o Carreras comprometidas en el estudio. La unidad de análisis es el sujeto estudiante de cada nivel antes señalado y en cada una de las poblaciones estudiadas. Se aplicará la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson a todos los estudiantes comprometidos en este estudio, previa explicación detallada de los propósitos de esta investigación y de los objetivos de la misma, incluyendo su carácter confidencial.

REPRODUCCIÓN CAPRINA. EFECTO DE LA ADICIÓN DE LÍPIDOS DIETARIOS SOBRE LA MODULACIÓN DEL ESTADO METABÓLICO Y LA CALIDAD DEL SEMEN CRIOPRESERVADO.

Adding Omega fatty acids (ω) 3 to the diet of stud bucks, the quality of sperm and their resistance to cryopreservation could increase. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of supplementation with ω3 on the metabolic state, sperm quality and resistance to freezing, in bucks kept in confinement under natural photoperiod. The experiment will be conducted in the facilities of the Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, UNRC (National University of Río Cuarto). Ten Anglo Nubian adult bucks, trained for semen collection with artificial vagina will be used. Males will be randomly allocated into 2 groups (5 animals each): control (C) and treatment (T). During the breeding season, group C will be fed with a ration of alfalfa and ground corn, according to the requirements for each category and sex (NRC, 2007). Group T will receive the same diet with the addition of linseeds. Both will have free access to water. Every week, semen of each buck, will be collected, evaluated and frozen. Sperm quality “in vitro” after thawing will be studied with a digital image analyzer. To assess oxidative stress in fresh and cryopreserved semen, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and quantification of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) will be determined. To establish the metabolic state, blood samples will be collected every two weeks. The statistical analysis will include an exploratory data analysis, multivariate analysis of multiple correspondences on a completely randomized design, analysis of variance and Fisher post-test. The level of significance will be set at P <0.05 and all results will be expressed as means ± SEM.

Archaeology of Santa Marta, Colombia; the Tairona culture. -- / by J. Alden Mason --

v.20:no.2(1936)

The Rubiaceae of Colombia, by Paul C. Standley.

v.7:no.1(1930)

The cassava mite complex: III - new distribution records, mainly from Colombia and Africa. References to other plants

Uma lista de novas referências e ocorrências para ácaros tetraniquídeos da mandioca é apresentada.

Mammals from western Venezuela and eastern Colombia, by Wilfred H. Osgood.

v.10:no.5(1912)

Birds of the Sierra Macarena, eastern Colombia.

v.44:no.11(1962)

Coral snakes of the genus Micrurus in Colombia / Karl P. Schmidt.

v.34:no.34(1955)

Dos especies nuevas de Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) de Colombia

Rhabdepyris (Chlorepyris) humboldti sp. nov. and R. (C.) tarapachensis sp. nov. from Colombia are described and illustrated. These species are specially peculiar by having pectinate antennae, which is the first report of this character for the genus.