Richard Wagner und das Judenthum : ein Beitr. zur Culturgesch. unserer Zeit

von einem Unparteiischen

Das Judenthum und Richard Wagner

von Edmund Friedemann

Organization of the equine immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes; III. Alignment of c mu, c gamma, c epsilon and c alpha genes.

Previous restriction analysis of cloned equine DNA and genomic DNA of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells had indicated the existence of one c epsilon, one c alpha and up to six c gamma genes in the haploid equine genome. The c epsilon and c alpha genes have been aligned on a 30 kb DNA fragment in the order 5' c epsilon-c alpha 3'. Here we describe the alignment of the equine c mu and c gamma genes by deletion analysis of one IgM, four IgG and two equine light chain expressing heterohybridomas. This analysis establishes the existence of six c gamma genes per haploid genome. The genomic alignment of the cH-genes is 5' c mu/(/) c gamma 1/(/) c gamma 2/(/) c gamma 3/(/) c gamma 4/(/) c gamma 5/(/) c gamma 6/(/) c epsilon-c alpha 3', naming the c gamma genes according to their position relative to c mu. For three of the c gamma genes the corresponding IgG isotypes could be identified as IgGa for c gamma 1, IgG(T) for c gamma 3 and IgGb for c gamma 4.

Jun N-terminal kinase 2 modulates thymocyte apoptosis and T cell activation through c-Jun and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NF-AT)

The Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) recently have been shown to be required for thymocyte apoptosis and T cell differentiation and/or proliferation. To investigate the molecular targets of JNK signaling in lymphoid cells, we used mice in which the serines phosphorylated by JNK in c-Jun were replaced by homologous recombination with alanines (junAA mice). Lymphocytes from these mice showed no phosphorylation of c-Jun in response to activation stimuli, whereas c-Jun was rapidly phosphorylated in wild-type cells. Despite the fact that c-jun is essential for early development, junAA mice develop normally; however, c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation was required for efficient T cell receptor-induced and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced thymocyte apoptosis. In contrast, c-Jun phosphorylation by JNK is not required for T cell proliferation or differentiation. Because jnk2−/− T cells display a proliferation defect, we concluded that JNK2 must have other substrates required for lymphocyte function. Surprisingly, jnk2−/− T cells showed reduced NF-AT DNA-binding activity after activation. Furthermore, overexpression of JNK2 in Jurkat T cells strongly enhanced NF-AT-dependent transcription. These results demonstrate that JNK signaling differentially uses c-Jun and NF-AT as molecular effectors during thymocyte apoptosis and T cell proliferation.

Fort Wagner, Morris Island, South Carolina,1863 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper manuscript map: Battery Wagner, Morris Isld., Francis D. Lee, Capt. Engrs. ; Langdon Cheves, Asst. Engr. in charge of work ; drawn by F.W. Bornemann, C.S. Engr. Office. It was drawn Nov 26, 1863. Scale [1:480]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the South Carolina State Plane Coordinate System (in Meters) (Fipszone 3900). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as Fort dimensions and structures, landscape of area surrounding Fort, drainage, and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of the Civil War from the Harvard Map Collection. Many items from this selection are from a collection of maps deposited by the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery of the State of Massachusetts (MOLLUS) in the Harvard Map Collection in 1938. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features, in particular showing places of military importance. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

C. S. Schurzfleischii Polyhistoris Introductio in notitiam scriptorum variarum artium atque scientiarum ex variis acroasibus et mss. celeberrimi huius viri collecta et eruta /

Mode of access: Internet.

Familienbriefe von Richard Wagner, 1832-1874.

Ed. by C. F. Glasenapp.

Das Recht bei Richard Wagner.

Bibliographical notes: p. [19]-36.

De nieuwste ontdekkingen aan de westkust van Afrika : reistogten, jagtavonturen en handelsreizen van Paul du Chaillu in Midden-Afrika, van Ladislaus Magyar in Benguela en Bihe, en van C. Joh. Anderson nabij de rivier Okavango /

Mode of access: Internet.

Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Blutes : untersuchungen uber Blutkornchen, Blutbildung und Blutbahn, nebst Bemerkungen uber Blutbewegung, Ernahrung und Absonderung, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf C.F. Burdachs' Physiologie Bd. IV mit Beitragen von Johannes Mueller /

Includes bibliographical references.