Dynamics of biochemical and morphophysiological changes during zygotic embryogenesis in Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burr.

Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burr. is a native Myrtaceae from southern Brazil and Uruguay, now the subject of a domestication and breeding program. Biotechnological tools have been used to assist in this program. The establishment of a reliable protocol of somatic embryogenesis has been pursued, with a view to capturing and fixing genetic gains. The rationale behind this work relies on the fact that deepening comprehension of the general metabolism of zygotic embryogenesis may certainly improve the protocol for somatic embryogenesis. Thus, in the present work we studied the accumulation of protein, total sugars, starch, amino acids, polyamines (PAs), IAA and ABA, in different stages of A. sellowiana zygotic embryogenesis. Starch is the predominant storage compound during zygotic embryo development. Increased synthesis of amino acids in the cotyledonary stage, mainly of asparagine, was observed throughout development. Total free PAs showed increased synthesis, whereas total conjugated PAs were mainly observed in the early developmental stages. IAA decreased and ABA increased with the progression from early to late embryogenesis. Besides providing basic information on the morphophysiological and biochemical changes of zygotic embryogenesis, the results here obtained may provide adequate strategies towards the modulation of somatic embryogenesis in this species as well as in other woody angiosperms.

Log-Burr XII regression models with censored data

In survival analysis applications, the failure rate function may frequently present a unimodal shape. In such case, the log-normal or log-logistic distributions are used. In this paper, we shall be concerned only with parametric forms, so a location-scale regression model based on the Burr XII distribution is proposed for modeling data with a unimodal failure rate function as an alternative to the log-logistic regression model. Assuming censored data, we consider a classic analysis, a Bayesian analysis and a jackknife estimator for the parameters of the proposed model. For different parameter settings, sample sizes and censoring percentages, various simulation studies are performed and compared to the performance of the log-logistic and log-Burr XII regression models. Besides, we use sensitivity analysis to detect influential or outlying observations, and residual analysis is used to check the assumptions in the model. Finally, we analyze a real data set under log-Buff XII regression models. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Estudo da biologia reprodutiva de Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757) no nordeste paraense

O presente estudo analisou o ciclo reprodutivo e estabeleceu a relação dos fatores abióticos com os estádios de desenvolvimento gonadal de Crassostrea gasar criadas no estuário amazônico. Foram coletados mensalmente cerca de 20 ostras no período de agosto de 2009 a dezembro de 2010. Os meses de coleta foram agrupados em quatro períodos sazonais (seco, transicional seco/chuvoso, chuvoso e transicional chuvoso/seco). No local da coleta foram mensurados in situ salinidade, pH, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido. A gônada foi dissecada e submetida ao procedimento histológico. Um total de 351 animais foram coletados, sendo 190 fêmeas, 161 machos e 2 hermafroditas. Histologicamente machos e fêmeas foram classificados em quatro estádios gonadais: I- imaturo, II - em maturação, III - maturo e IV - desovado (fêmeas) e espermiado (machos). Dentre os fatores abióticos analisados apenas a salinidade e a precipitação pluviométrica apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes durante o estudo. Houve correlação entre esses dois fatores e a maturação gonadal, sugerindo que esses fatores estejam influenciando na reprodução, visto que foram encontrados predominância de indivíduos maturos (III) no período chuvoso e transicional chuvoso/seco (baixa salinidade e alta precipitação pluviométrica). Nos períodos seco e transicional seco/chuvoso (alta salinidade e baixa precipitação) foram encontrados indivíduos nos estágios imaturo (I), em maturação (II) e desovado/espermiado (IV). Por conseguinte, para o cultivo é indicado que a coleta de sementes seja feita nos períodos seco e transicional seco/chuvoso.

THE LOG-BURR XII REGRESSION MODEL FOR GROUPED SURVIVAL DATA

The log-Burr XII regression model for grouped survival data is evaluated in the presence of many ties. The methodology for grouped survival data is based on life tables, where the times are grouped in k intervals, and we fit discrete lifetime regression models to the data. The model parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood and jackknife methods. To detect influential observations in the proposed model, diagnostic measures based on case deletion, so-called global influence, and influence measures based on small perturbations in the data or in the model, referred to as local influence, are used. In addition to these measures, the total local influence and influential estimates are also used. We conduct Monte Carlo simulation studies to assess the finite sample behavior of the maximum likelihood estimators of the proposed model for grouped survival. A real data set is analyzed using a regression model for grouped data.