A critical review: Why isn't "cold pasteurization" being used widespread as a method to prevent food-related illnesses as a result of the consumption of ready-to-eat, fresh fruits, and vegetables

The Centers for Disease Control estimates that foodborne diseases cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year. The American public is becoming more health conscious and there has been an increase in the dietary intake of fresh fruits and vegetables. Affluence and demand for convenience has allowed consumers to opt for pre-processed packaged fresh fruits and vegetables. These pre-processed foods are considered Ready-to-Eat. They have many of the advantages of fresh produce without the inconvenience of processing at home. After seeing a decline in food-related illnesses between 1996 and 2004, due to an improvement in meat and poultry safety, tainted produce has tilted the numbers back. This has resulted in none of the Healthy People 2010 targets for food-related illness reduction being reached. Irradiation has been shown to be effective in eliminating many of the foodborne pathogens. The application of irradiation as a food safety treatment has been widely endorsed by many of the major associations involved with food safety and public health. Despite these endorsements there has been very little use of this technology to date for reducing the disease burden associated with the consumption of these products. A review of the available literature since the passage of the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act was conducted on the barriers to implementing irradiation as a food safety process for fresh fruits and vegetables. The impediments to adopting widespread utilization of irradiation food processing as a food safety measure involve a complex array of legislative, regulatory, industry, and consumer issues. The FDA’s approval process limits the expansion of the list of foods approved for the application of irradiation as a food safety process. There is also a lack of capacity within the industry to meet the needs of a geographically dispersed industry.^

Photorepair mutants of Arabidopsis

UV radiation induces two major DNA damage products, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and, at a lower frequency, the pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidinone dimer (6–4 product). Although Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae produce a CPD-specific photolyase that eliminates only this class of dimer, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, Crotalus atrox, and Xenopus laevis have recently been shown to photoreactivate both CPDs and 6–4 products. We describe the isolation and characterization of two new classes of mutants of Arabidopsis, termed uvr2 and uvr3, that are defective in the photoreactivation of CPDs and 6–4 products, respectively. We demonstrate that the CPD photolyase mutation is genetically linked to a DNA sequence encoding a type II (metazoan) CPD photolyase. In addition, we are able to generate plants in which only CPDs or 6–4 products are photoreactivated in the nuclear genome by exposing these mutants to UV light and then allowing them to repair one or the other class of dimers. This provides us with a unique opportunity to study the biological consequences of each of these two major UV-induced photoproducts in an intact living system.

NEEDLY, a Pinus radiata ortholog of FLORICAULA/LEAFY genes, expressed in both reproductive and vegetative meristems

The LEAFY/FLORICAULA genes from Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum are necessary for normal flower development and play a key role in diverse angiosperm species. A homologue of these flower meristem-identity genes, NEEDLY (NLY), has been identified in Pinus radiata. Although the NLY protein shares extensive sequence similarity with its angiosperm counterparts, it is lacking the proline-rich and acidic motifs thought to function as transcriptional activation domains. NLY already is expressed during vegetative development at least 5 years before the transition to the reproductive phase. Expression of NLY in transgenic Arabidopsis promotes floral fate, demonstrating that, despite its sequence divergence, NLY encodes a functional ortholog of the FLORICAULA/LEAFY genes of angiosperms. Expression of the LFY∷NLY transgene can largely complement the defects in flower development caused by a severe lfy allele.

Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29

Objective: To establish whether fetal growth rate (as distinct from size at birth) is associated with mortality from ischaemic heart disease.

Family of MADS-Box Genes Expressed Early in Male and Female Reproductive Structures of Monterey Pine

Three MADS-box genes isolated from Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), PrMADS1, PrMADS2, and PrMADS3, are orthologs to members of the AGL2 and AGL6 gene subfamilies in Arabidopsis. These genes were expressed during early stages of pine shoot development in differentiating seed- and pollen-cone buds. Their transcripts were found within a group of cells that formed ovuliferous scale and microsporophyll primordia. Expression of PrMADS3 was also detected in a group of cells giving rise to needle primordia within differentiated vegetative buds, and in needle primordia.

Proximity of the manganese cluster of photosystem II to the redox-active tyrosine YZ.

Electron spin echo electron-nuclear double resonance (ESE-ENDOR) experiments performed on a broad radical electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal observed in photosystem II particles depleted of Ca2+ indicate that this signal arises from the redox-active tyrosine YZ. The tyrosine EPR signal width is increased relative to that observed in a manganese-depleted preparation due to a magnetic interaction between the photosystem II manganese cluster and the tyrosine radical. The manganese cluster is located asymmetrically with respect to the symmetry-related tyrosines YZ and YD. The distance between the YZ tyrosine and the manganese cluster is estimated to be approximately 4.5 A. Due to this close proximity of the Mn cluster and the redox-active tyrosine YZ, we propose that this tyrosine abstracts protons from substrate water bound to the Mn cluster.

The spenders.

Mode of access: Internet.

Soil and water conservation research in the Northeastern States /

"Issued January 1965."

Soil and water conservation research in the Northeastern States

Mode of access: Internet.

School of Nursing Class of 1998

Top Row: Kathleen S. Allen, Elizabeth Anderson, Mary Assenmacher, Deana Barrett, Laurie Barringer, Linda Baty, Holidae Bauman, Leila Beach, Liesha Beachum, Jacquline S. Bean, Jane Betten, Melanie Black, Kari Blouin, Kelly Bottger, Nancy Bowman, JoAnn Britenfeld, Ruth C. Brower

Row 2: Melanie Mai Brown, Estera Carp, Christine Haveman, Kimberly Webster, Rebecca Amo, Tina K. Ciricola, Gerard A. Castaneda, Steven J. Bednarski, Michelle Kuo, Kathleen Szymanski, Alissa Enriquez, Kristin Snow, Jennifer Berk, Erica Reese, Angela Cassadime, Lynn Chacko

Row 3: Anne chambers, Mechele Chau, Marcy Christensen, Regi Colthorp, Kellie Conover, Jenny Cwiek, Michele DeMaagd, Kristin Diotte, Amanda Dressel, Kimberly Dunlap, Esther DuRussel, Katrina Ehr

Row 4: Holly M. Greenough, Eileen Gumayagay, Sheila Habib, Allison Hale, Kristi Hale, Amy Hollis, Rebecca Hostman, Marilynn Huizinga, Jennifer Ivinson, Christine Jodoin, Christine Kaetz, Kimberly Kenny-Sherlock, Andrea Latva, Kathleen Levin

Row 5: Shawna Mangan, Sofia Marquez, Paul Mazurek, Charla McMichael, Tina Marie Meeks, Richard W. Redman, Beverly Jones, Ada Sue Hinshaw, Susan Boehm, Nola Pender, Jeffrey Mendoza, Melissa Meulenberg, Cheryl Milekovich, Amanda Miller, Amy Miller

Row 6: Nicole Miller, Bonnie Mobley, Kara More, Cherylann Mortzfield, Leslie Nance, Ruby Nzoma, Megan Oleszek, Larah Faye Ostonal, Jean C. Palad, Danielle Pankowski, Nancy Penrose, Laurie Pierce, Heather Polsen, Julie Marie Postma, Amy Prielipp, Martha Quigley, Aimee Racette

Row 7: Marty Rauser, Nekia Robinson, Kimberly Rowe, Janice Rybski, Ricardo Salazar, Marie Sanderson, Kimberly Scholma, Bonnie Schweitzer, Veena Shewakramani, Julie Showers, Olga Simanovskaya, Emily Simon, Lakeeta Smith, Amy Stewart, Robert Strudgeon, Jaime Sulek

Row 8: Charity Sutherland, William Ten Haaf, Mark Thomas, Nichole Thomas, Donna Thompson, Tonya Tomski, Michele Uller, Celina Uranga, Sarah Volkhardt, Larna Welch, Melanie White, Michelle White, Britt Williams, Stephanie Windisch, Brian Wright, Christina Wyrybkowski, Lisa Ziegelmann

Under fire. With the Tenth U.S. cavalry. Being a brief, comprehensive review of the negro's participation in the wars of the United States. Especially showing the valor and heroism of the negro soldiers of the Ninth and Tenth cavalries, and the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth infantries of the regular army; as demonstrated in the decisive campaign around Santiago de Cuba, 1898 ... Thrilling episodes interestingly narrated by officers and men. Famous Indian campaigns and their results. A purely military history of the negro.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sharing secrets with lawmakers : Congress as a user of intelligence /

"February 1997."