Análise comparativa da incidência de hemólise e resposta inflamatória sistêmica induzida pela circulação extracorpórea em bomba de roletes e em bomba centrífuga em cirurgia de revascularização do micárdio

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

APR e FMEA em trocador de calor de bomba

The modernization of the world made the speed, accuracy and reliability of all existing processes become increasingly necessary. For this evolution to occur every day, the evolution of the equipment was strategic, but not as much as needed. It is necessary for such equipment to ensure its function and, in case of failure, an early diagnosis to prevent loss. Therefore the evolution of maintainability and reliability in equipment is also paramount. Thus, the growth of forms of maintenance was driven by this scenario, forming maintenance philosophies. Among many, there is the RCM, which have its focus on the identification, parameters development and performance preview. One of those methodologies from this idea is the FMEA, process that has been studied and implemented this work, aiming the anticipation of failure modes and guidance for the use of a heat exchanger and a pump. This implementation has the aid of another process of RCM, the PHA, which was also shown and implemented, these results being used to start the FMEA process. The results show the activities with the highest chance of failure, presenting also the measures to be taken to avoid or minimize them. It is shown, in this paper, concern with the valves because they maintain control and system security, and its flaws related to accidents with possible danger to people and the whole system, emphasizing the priority of action

Análise comparativa da incidência de hemólise e resposta inflamatória sistêmica induzida pela circulação extracorpórea em bomba de roletes e em bomba centrífuga em cirurgia de revascularização do micárdio

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Age-dependent changes in rat lacrimal gland anti-oxidant and vesicular related protein expression profiles

Purpose: Anti-oxidation and exocytosis are important for maintaining exocrine tissue homeostasis. During aging, functional and structural alterations occur in the lacrimal gland (LG), including oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. The aims of the present study were to determine in the aging LG: a) the effects of aging on LG structure and secretory activity and b) changes in the expression of oxidative stress markers. Methods: To address these goals, tear secretion composition and corneal impression cytology were compared between male Wistar rats of 2 (control) and 24 (aged) months. LG morphology and the expression levels of vitamin E and malonaldehyde (MDA) were evaluated to determine the anti-oxidant activity and lipid peroxidation, respectively. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used for the analysis of Ras related in brain GTPase protein (Rab) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins of the secretory machinery (i.e.; Rab 3d, Rab 27, vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (Vamp-2), and syntaxin). Results: Histological analysis of aged rats revealed a higher frequency of corneal epithelia metaplasia. In the acinar cells, organelles underwent degeneration, and lipofucsin-like material accumulated in the cytoplasm along with declines in the anti-oxidant marker vitamin E. Rab3d and Rab27b mRNA levels fell along with Rab3d protein expression, whereas syntaxin levels increased. Conclusions: These findings indicate that exocytotic and anti-oxidant mechanisms become impaired with age in the rat LG. In parallel with these structural alterations, functional declines may contribute to the pathophysiology caused by tear film modification in dry eye disease.

The Role of Dyslipidemia on Ocular Surface, Lacrimal and Meibomian Gland Structure and Function

Purpose: Dyslipidemia is characterized by high lipid blood levels that are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which are leading causes of death. However, it is unclear whether dyslipidemia is a cause of the dry eye syndrome (DES). Therefore we determined in transgenic mice models of dyslipidemia, whether there is an association with DES development. Methods: Dyslipidemic models included male and female adult mice overexpressing apolipoprotein CIII (Apo CIII), LDL receptor knockout (LDLR-KO) and ApoE knockout (ApoE-KO). They were compared with age-and gender-matched C57BL/6 mice. Ocular health was evaluated based on corneal slit lamp assessment, phenol red thread test (PRT) and impression cytology. Blood lipid profiles and histology of meibomian and lacrimal glands were also evaluated. Effects of high-fat diet and aging were observed in LDLR-KO and ApoCIII strains, respectively. Results: Body weight and lacrimal gland weight were significantly higher in male mice compared to females of the same strain (P < 0.05). Body weight was significantly lower in LDLRKO mice receiving high lipid diet compared to their controls (P = 0.0043). ApoE-KO were hypercholesterolemic and ApoCIII hypertriglyceridemic while LDLR-KO showed increases in both parameters. The PRT test was lower in male LDLR-KO mice with high-fat diet than control mice with standard diet (P = 0.0273). Aging did not affect lacrimal structural or functional parameters of ApoCIII strain. Conclusions: DES development is not solely dependent on dyslipidemia in relevant mice models promoting this condition. On the other hand, lacrimal gland structure and function are differentially impacted by lipid profile changes in male and female mice. This dissociation suggests that other factors beside dyslipidemia impact on tear film dysfunction and DES development.

Louder than a bomb: quando le parole sono più forti di una bomba. Proposta di traduzione di testi scelti.

Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di presentare la “slam poetry”, una disciplina con la quale solo recentemente il pubblico italiano si è confrontato. Spiegherò di cosa si tratta, quando e perché si è originata, come si è evoluta e perché ha avuto così tanto successo con alcune categorie di persone. Non mancherà anche una riflessione generale sulla traduzione della poesia e verrà dato abbondante spazio alle propostedi traduzione di alcuni brani di slam poetry, scelti tra quelli partecipanti al concorso di Chicago del 2008, con relativo commento alla traduzione.

Insertion of double bicanalicular silicone tubes after endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in lacrimal canalicular stenosis: a 10-year experience

To assess the long-term results of double bicanalicular silicone tubes in canalicular (presaccal) stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct system, a retrospective follow-up was performed on patients operated between 1992 and 2002. Forty-five patients were included in the study, 44 of whom had eyes with canalicular stenosis (primary dacryocystorhinostomy), 4 with congenital agenesis of the lacrimal duct system, and 3 cases after primary external dacryocystorhinostomy. Double bicanalicular silicone tubes were inserted, fixed in the vestibulum nasi, and left in place as long-term space holders. Of the 51 endonasal primary dacryocystorhinostomies with canalicular stenosis, 32 (63%) became symptom-free after one procedure. Nineteen (37%) patients had a relapse. Double silicone bicanalicular tube insertion as long-term spacers in canalicular stenoses has a number of advantages, but canalicular stenoses still remain a challenging area.

Detection of surfactant proteins A and D in human tear fluid and the human lacrimal system

PURPOSE: To evaluate the expression and presence of surfactant protein (SP) A and SP-D in the lacrimal apparatus, at the ocular surface, and in tears in healthy and pathologic states. METHODS: Expression of mRNA for SP-A and SP-D was analyzed by RT-PCR in healthy lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, cornea, and nasolacrimal ducts as well as in a spontaneously immortalized conjunctival epithelial cell line (HCjE; IOBA-NHC) and a SV40-transfected cornea epithelial cell line (HCE). Deposition of SP-A and SP-D was determined by Western blot, dot blot, and immunohistochemistry in healthy tissues, in tears, aqueous humor, and in sections of different corneal abnormalities (keratoconus, herpetic keratitis, and Staphylococcus aureus-based ulceration). Cell lines were stimulated with different cytokines and bacterial components and were analyzed for the production of SP-A and SP-D by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The presence of SP-A and SP-D on mRNA and protein levels was evidenced in healthy lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, cornea, and nasolacrimal duct samples. Moreover, both proteins were present in tears but were absent in aqueous humor. Immunohistochemistry revealed the production of both peptides by acinar epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland and epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and nasolacrimal ducts, whereas goblet cells revealed no reactivity. Healthy cornea revealed weak reactivity on epithelial surface cells only. In contrast, SP-A and SP-D revealed strong reactivity in patients with herpetic keratitis and corneal ulceration surrounding lesions and in several immigrated defense cells. Reactivity in corneal epithelium and endothelium was also seen in patients with keratoconus. Cell culture experiments revealed that SP-A and SP-D are produced by both epithelial cell lines without and after stimulation with cytokines and bacterial components. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that SP-A, in addition to SP-D, is a peptide of the tear film. Based on the known direct and indirect antimicrobial effects of collectins, the surfactant-associated proteins A and D seem to be involved in several ocular surface diseases.

Prevention of radiochemotherapy-induced toxicity with amifostine in patients with malignant orbital tumors involving the lacrimal gland: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: To use amifostine concurrently with radiochemotherapy (CT-RT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone in order to prevent dry eye syndrome in patients with malignancies located in the fronto-orbital region. METHODS: Five patients (2 males, 3 females) with diagnosed malignancies (Non-Hodgkin B-cell Lymphoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma) involving the lacrimal gland, in which either combined CT-RT or local RT were indicated, were prophylactically treated with amifostine (500 mg sc). Single RT fraction dose, total dose and treatment duration were individually adjusted to the patient's need. Acute and late adverse effects were recorded using the RTOG score. Subjective and objective dry eye assessment was performed for the post-treatment control of lacrimal gland function. RESULTS: All patients have completed CT-RT or RT as indicated. The median total duration of RT was 29 days (range, 23 - 39 days) and the median total RT dose was 40 Gy (range, 36 - 60 Gy). Median lacrimal gland exposure was 35.9 Gy (range, 16.8 - 42.6 Gy). Very good partial or complete tumor remission was achieved in all patients. The treatment was well tolerated without major toxic reactions. Post-treatment control did not reveal in any patient either subjective or objective signs of a dry eye syndrome. CONCLUSION: The addition of amifostine to RT/CT-RT of patients with tumors localized in orbital region was found to be associated with absence of dry eye syndrome.

Dacryocystography using cone beam CT in patients with lacrimal drainage system obstruction.

PURPOSE To assess the usefulness of cone beam CT (CBCT) for dacryocystography (DCG) using either direct syringing or passive application of contrast medium. METHODS Ten consecutive patients with epiphora who had CBCT-DCG in a sitting position were retrospectively analyzed. CBCT-DCGs were performed using 2 techniques: direct syringing with contrast medium or using the passive technique, where patients received 3 drops of contrast medium into the conjunctival sac before CBCT-DCG. Clinical and radiologic diagnoses were compared for both groups. RESULTS The 10 patients (men = 3) had a mean age of 63.2 years. Both techniques proved to be simple procedures with good delineation of the bone, soft tissue, and the contrast medium in the lacrimal system. No side effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS CBCT-DCG is a useful alternative to determine the localization of stenosis in patients with chronic epiphora.

"Hombre, brazo, bomba!" : Discusiones en torno a la violencia anarquista en Buenos Aires (1890-1910)

Entre 1890 y 1910, en Buenos Aires hicieron presencia, antes como temor y luego como realidad, los atentados anarquistas. Son varios los interrogantes que rodean estos fenómenos: ¿Cómo comprenderlos? ¿Cómo categorizarlos? ¿Qué los motivó y cómo fueron presentados por la prensa anarquista? En este trabajo, a partir de la utilización de fuentes primarias, se pretende evaluar las categorías que suelen utilizarse para entenderlos: "terrorismo político"; "propaganda por el hecho", "actos vindicativos". Se cuestionará la pertinencia historiográfica de las categorías "terrorismo" y "propaganda por el hecho", conceptos que suponen la existencia de un objetivo político en estos actos. Comprobaremos que los atentados lejos de tener motivaciones políticas/revolucionarias, tuvieron impulsos pasionales: eran actos vengativos que no tenían la intención de dar mensajes revolucionarios, sino acabar con la vida de aquellos que consideraban responsables de las represiones y las injusticias. Asimismo observaremos que también en la prensa libertaria predominó la apreciación "pasional", y que incluso cuando se festejaban los atentados, era en la medida de que eran justicieros y no revolucionarios.

"Hombre, brazo, bomba!" : Discusiones en torno a la violencia anarquista en Buenos Aires (1890-1910)

Entre 1890 y 1910, en Buenos Aires hicieron presencia, antes como temor y luego como realidad, los atentados anarquistas. Son varios los interrogantes que rodean estos fenómenos: ¿Cómo comprenderlos? ¿Cómo categorizarlos? ¿Qué los motivó y cómo fueron presentados por la prensa anarquista? En este trabajo, a partir de la utilización de fuentes primarias, se pretende evaluar las categorías que suelen utilizarse para entenderlos: "terrorismo político"; "propaganda por el hecho", "actos vindicativos". Se cuestionará la pertinencia historiográfica de las categorías "terrorismo" y "propaganda por el hecho", conceptos que suponen la existencia de un objetivo político en estos actos. Comprobaremos que los atentados lejos de tener motivaciones políticas/revolucionarias, tuvieron impulsos pasionales: eran actos vengativos que no tenían la intención de dar mensajes revolucionarios, sino acabar con la vida de aquellos que consideraban responsables de las represiones y las injusticias. Asimismo observaremos que también en la prensa libertaria predominó la apreciación "pasional", y que incluso cuando se festejaban los atentados, era en la medida de que eran justicieros y no revolucionarios.

"Hombre, brazo, bomba!" : Discusiones en torno a la violencia anarquista en Buenos Aires (1890-1910)

Entre 1890 y 1910, en Buenos Aires hicieron presencia, antes como temor y luego como realidad, los atentados anarquistas. Son varios los interrogantes que rodean estos fenómenos: ¿Cómo comprenderlos? ¿Cómo categorizarlos? ¿Qué los motivó y cómo fueron presentados por la prensa anarquista? En este trabajo, a partir de la utilización de fuentes primarias, se pretende evaluar las categorías que suelen utilizarse para entenderlos: "terrorismo político"; "propaganda por el hecho", "actos vindicativos". Se cuestionará la pertinencia historiográfica de las categorías "terrorismo" y "propaganda por el hecho", conceptos que suponen la existencia de un objetivo político en estos actos. Comprobaremos que los atentados lejos de tener motivaciones políticas/revolucionarias, tuvieron impulsos pasionales: eran actos vengativos que no tenían la intención de dar mensajes revolucionarios, sino acabar con la vida de aquellos que consideraban responsables de las represiones y las injusticias. Asimismo observaremos que también en la prensa libertaria predominó la apreciación "pasional", y que incluso cuando se festejaban los atentados, era en la medida de que eran justicieros y no revolucionarios.

"Hombre, brazo, bomba!" : Discusiones en torno a la violencia anarquista en Buenos Aires (1890-1910)

Entre 1890 y 1910, en Buenos Aires hicieron presencia, antes como temor y luego como realidad, los atentados anarquistas. Son varios los interrogantes que rodean estos fenómenos: ¿Cómo comprenderlos? ¿Cómo categorizarlos? ¿Qué los motivó y cómo fueron presentados por la prensa anarquista? En este trabajo, a partir de la utilización de fuentes primarias, se pretende evaluar las categorías que suelen utilizarse para entenderlos: "terrorismo político"; "propaganda por el hecho", "actos vindicativos". Se cuestionará la pertinencia historiográfica de las categorías "terrorismo" y "propaganda por el hecho", conceptos que suponen la existencia de un objetivo político en estos actos. Comprobaremos que los atentados lejos de tener motivaciones políticas/revolucionarias, tuvieron impulsos pasionales: eran actos vengativos que no tenían la intención de dar mensajes revolucionarios, sino acabar con la vida de aquellos que consideraban responsables de las represiones y las injusticias. Asimismo observaremos que también en la prensa libertaria predominó la apreciación "pasional", y que incluso cuando se festejaban los atentados, era en la medida de que eran justicieros y no revolucionarios.