O estado puerperal e suas interseções com a bioética

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Obesidade e sobrepeso pré-gestacionais: prevalência e complicações obstétricas e perinatais

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Avaliação de polimorfismos de genes metabolizadores de xenobióticos em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina atendidos no Estado do Pará

Fissura lábio palatina ou orofaciais é um dos mais frequentes defeitos congênitos existentes e vários estudos relacionam essa malformação a causas multifatoriais. Entre as diversas causas ambientais estão os hábitos etílicos e tabagistas maternos, assim como o uso de agrotóxico. A resposta do embrião humano a agentes teratogênicos é bem conhecida. Porém, sabe-se que organismos diferentes metabolizam de maneira distinta um mesmo componente químico, isto se deve a características genéticas intrínsecas relacionadas a diferentes funcionamentos enzimáticos. Tais diferenças podem ser investigadas a partir da análise de polimorfismos em genes relacionados ao metabolismo destes xenobióticos, que podem assim estar relacionados à etiogênese de fissuras lábio palatinas. O Objetivo do nosso estudo foi analisar polimorfismos em sete genes, PON1 (rs662), PON1 (rs854560), MTHFD1, CYP2E1, EPHX1, ABCB1, AHR, onde uma análise correlativa com fatores ambientais, como exposição a agrotóxicos foi realizada, a fim de avaliar se existe ou não influência das diferentes variantes polimórficas e tais interações ambientais na etiogênese das fissuras lábio palatinas. O número total de amostras analisadas foi de 166 indivíduos, sendo 83 pacientes acometidos por fissura, com idade média de 7 anos (DP 5 anos) e 83 mães dos mesmos. Em nossas amostras, o gênero masculino foi 64% do total de acometidos.; uma ficha para a coleta de dados epidemiológicos foi desenvolvida para o estudo; o material biológico coletado para análise foi sangue. A análise estatística foi realizada com os softwares bioEstat 5.3, SPSS 12.0 e PLINK 1.07. Nosso resultado consiste de quatro análises diferentes, para cada polimorfismo. Inicialmente, observamos as diferenças entre as frequências genotípicas encontradas nos acometidos e nas mães destes e aquelas das populações de indivíduos hígidos. Isto visando encontrar diferenças entre estes genótipos que possam justificar a gênese das FLP, frente à exposição das mães, e intrauterinamente, dos filhos ao agrotóxico. Num segundo momento, verificamos se houveram diferenças entre os genótipos maternos e dos acometidos, que pudessem representar diferenças significativas entre estes dois grupos de indivíduos (pois as mães, independentemente da exposição ao agrotóxico, poderiam ter FLP, caso o genótipo fosse de elevada importância) e que possam ter relação com a FLP. Em uma terceira análise, observamos se os genótipos encontrados nos indivíduos que apresentam FLP, estão relacionados à exposição relatada aos agrotóxicos, como fator etiológico destas más formações. Em ultima análise, visamos, por análise de regressão, verificar se a característica genotípica desses alvos de estudo, possa ter influenciado no fenótipo do tipo de fissura, seja somente labial, seja palatal ou labiopalatal. A distribuição dos tipos de fissuras entre os acometidos foi de 12% para fissuras somente labiais, 19% para fissuras somente palatais e 69% das fissuras em nosso grupo amostral atingiam o lábio e o palato.

Determinação de bisfenol A em água : uma investigação na cidade de Campo Grande - MS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Application of continuous positive airway pressure in the delivery room: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

This study evaluated whether the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the delivery room alters the need for mechanical ventilation and surfactant during the first 5 days of life and modifies the incidence of respiratory morbidity and mortality during the hospital stay. The study was a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in five public university hospitals in Brazil, from June 2008 to December 2009. Participants were 197 infants with birth weight of 1000-1500 g and without major birth defects. They were treated according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (APP). Infants not intubated or extubated less than 15 min after birth were randomized for two treatments, routine or CPAP, and were followed until hospital discharge. The routine (n=99) and CPAP (n=98) infants studied presented no statistically significant differences regarding birth characteristics, complications during the prenatal period, the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 5 days of life (19.2 vs 23.4%, P=0.50), use of surfactant (18.2 vs 17.3% P=0.92), or respiratory morbidity and mortality until discharge. The CPAP group required a greater number of doses of surfactant (1.5 vs 1.0, P=0.02). When CPAP was applied to the routine group, it was installed within a median time of 30 min. We found that CPAP applied less than 15 min after birth was not able to reduce the need for ventilator support and was associated with a higher number of doses of surfactant when compared to CPAP applied as clinically indicated within a median time of 30 min.

Dose-Dependent Effects and Reversibility of the Injuries Caused by Nandrolone Decanoate in Uterine Tissue and Fertility of Rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de genes envolvidos na neurotransmissão, formação e manutenção sináptica em indivíduos com transtornos do espectro do Autismo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Incidência, fatores de risco e consequências de defeitos congênitos em recém-nascidos e natimortos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of himatanthus sucuuba in maternal reproductive outcome and fetal anomaly frequency in rats

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Principais complicações perinatais da obesidade e do sobrepeso pré-gestacionais

Objetive: The goal of this review is to discuss the evidence regarding the impact of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity on perinatal outcomes. Data Collection Method: We conducted a search for articles in the Medline, PubMed and Scielo databases covering the past 5 years, and reviewed the bibliographical references contained in the articles selected. Articles were selected by subjective evaluation in terms of methodology, sample size and year of publication. Summary of evidence: We found strong evidence linking excess weight before pregnancy with the development of birth defects, fetal and neonatal deaths and macrosomia,. Conclusions: Excess weight in the pre-pregnancy is an important risk factor for the health of the fetus, whose importance increases because it is a modifiable risk factor.

Epidemiological and molecular characterization of rubella virus isolated in Sao Paulo, Brazil during 1997-2004

Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In 2003, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adopted a resolution calling for the elimination of rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the Americas by the year 2010. Brazil will have implemented the recommended PAHO strategy for elimination and interruption of endemic rubella virus transmission. The characterization of genotypes during the final stages of rubella elimination is important for determining whether new rubella isolates represent endemic transmission or importations. Samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and throat swabs) collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of rubella infection in 19972004 were isolated in cell culture and genotyped. Twenty-eight sequences were analyzed and two genotypes were identified: 1a and 1G. The information reported in this paper will contribute to understanding the molecular epidemiology of RV in Sao Paulo, Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 84:18311838, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Region 8q24 Is a Susceptibility Locus for Nonsyndromic Oral Clefting in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a relatively common craniofacial defect with multifactorial inheritance. The association of the rs987525 single nucleotide variant, located in a gene desert at 8q24.21 region, has been consistently replicated in European populations. We performed a structured association approach combined with transcriptional analysis of the MYC gene to dissect the role of rs987525 in oral clefting susceptibility in the ethnically admixed Brazilian population. METHODS: We performed the association study conditioned on the individual ancestry proportions in a sample of 563 patients and 336 controls, and in an independent sample of 221 patients and 261 controls. The correlation between rs987525 genotypes and MYC transcriptional levels in orbicularis oris muscle mesenchymal stem cells was also investigated in 42 patients and 4 controls. RESULTS: We found a significant association in the larger sample (p = 0.0016; OR = 1.80 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.21-2.69], for heterozygous genotype, and 2.71 [95% CI, 1.47-4.96] for homozygous genotype). We did not find a significant correlation between rs987525 genotypes and MYC transcriptional levels (p = 0.14; r = -0.22, Spearman Correlation). CONCLUSIONS: We present a positive association of rs987525 in the Brazilian population for the first time, and it is likely that the European contribution to our population is driving this association. We also cannot discard a role of rs987515 in MYC regulation, because this locus behaves as an expression quantitative locus of MYC in another tissue. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:464-468, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Phylogenetic analysis of rubella virus strains during an outbreak in Sao Paulo, 2007-2008

Rubella virus (RV) is an important human pathogen that causes rubella, an acute contagious disease. It also causes severe birth defects collectively known as congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Here, we present the phylogenetic analysis of RV that circulated in Sao Paulo during the 20072008 outbreak. Samples collected from patients diagnosed with rubella were isolated in cell culture and sequenced. RV RNA was obtained from samples or RV-infected cell cultures and amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis using RV reference sequences. Seventeen sequences were analyzed, and three genotypes were identified: 1a, 1G, and 2B. Genotypes 1a and 1G, which were isolated in 2007, were responsible for sporadic rubella cases in Sao Paulo. Thereafter, in late 2007, the epidemiological conditions changed, resulting in a large RV outbreak with the clear dominance of genotype 2B. The results of this study provide new approaches for monitoring the progress of elimination of rubella from Sao Paulo, Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 84:16661671, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Use of Ultrasonography to Study Teratogenicity in Ruminants: Evaluation of Ipomoea carnea in Goats

Background: Ipomoea carnea (I. carnea) is a poisonous plant found in Brazil and other tropical countries that often poison livestock. The plant contains the alkaloids calystegines and mainly swainsonine, which inhibit cellular enzymes and cause systematic cell death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perinatal effects of I. carnea in goats. Methods: Forty-seven pregnant goats were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups and given the following doses (g/kg BW) of I. carnea: 0 (IC0), 1.0 (IC1), 3.0 (IC3), 5.0 (IC5) and 7.5 (IC7). The treatment animals were given fresh I. carnea from day 27 of gestation to parturition. Weight gains and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated using ultrasonographic measurements. Results: Goats from the IC7 group showed clinical signs of poisoning. Ultrasound examination revealed that I. carnea feeding in all treatment groups reduced fetal movement compared to the controls. There was an increase in the total number of birth defects (retrognathia and arthrogyposis) in the IC7 and IC5 groups compared to the controls. Conclusion: The results show that I. carnea has teratogenic potential in goats. In addition, ultrasounds were useful in evaluating fetotoxicity and teratogenicity. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 00:17, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

High dosage folic acid supplementation, oral cleft recurrence and fetal growth

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation on isolated oral cleft recurrence and fetal growth. Patients and Methods: The study included 2,508 women who were at-risk for oral cleft recurrence and randomized into two folic acid supplementation groups: 0.4 and 4 mg per day before pregnancy and throughout the first trimester. The infant outcome data were based on 234 live births. In addition to oral cleft recurrence, several secondary outcomes were compared between the two folic acid groups. Cleft recurrence rates were also compared to historic recurrence rates. Results: The oral cleft recurrence rates were 2.9% and 2.5% in the 0.4 and 4 mg groups, respectively. The recurrence rates in the two folic acid groups both separately and combined were significantly different from the 6.3% historic recurrence rate post the folic acid fortification program for this population (p = 0.0009 when combining the two folic acid groups). The rate of cleft lip with palate recurrence was 2.9% in the 0.4 mg group and 0.8% in the 4 mg group. There were no elevated fetal growth complications in the 4 mg group compared to the 0.4 mg group. Conclusions: The study is the first double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) to study the effect of high dosage folic acid supplementation on isolated oral cleft recurrence. The recurrence rates were similar between the two folic acid groups. However, the results are suggestive of a decrease in oral cleft recurrence compared to the historic recurrence rate. A RCT is still needed to identify the effect of folic acid on oral cleft recurrence given these suggestive results and the supportive results from previous interventional and observational studies, and the study offers suggestions for such future studies. The results also suggest that high dosage folic acid does not compromise fetal growth