115 resultados para Betaine


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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os indicadores fisiológicos da interação entre deficit hídrico e acidez do solo em plantas jovens de cana-de-açúcar. As plantas foram submetidas a três tratamentos de disponibilidade hídrica, medidos em percentagem de capacidade de campo (CC) - sem estresse (70% CC), estresse moderado (55% CC) e estresse severo (40% CC); e três tratamentos de acidez no solo, medidos em termos de saturação por bases (V) - baixa acidez (V = 55%), média acidez (V = 33%) e alta acidez (V = 23%). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação a 29,7±4,3ºC e 75±10% UR. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x3, com quatro repetições. Após 60 dias, foram determinados os teores de solutos compatíveis - trealose, glicina betaína e prolina - na folha diagnóstico e o crescimento inicial da parte aérea. Os solutos compatíveis trealose, glicina betaína e prolina são indicadores do efeito da interação dos estresses hídrico e ácido no solo. O acúmulo dos solutos compatíveis nos tecidos foliares das plantas não é capaz de impedir a redução na produção de matéria seca da cana-de-açúcar, resultante do agravamento nas condições de disponibilidade hídrica e de acidez no solo.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Problemas metabólicos observados em produções intensivas de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) têm sido relacionados à deficiência de colina nas rações. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética da colina na nutrição da espécie, rações purificadas contendo 0; 375; 750; 1.125; 1.500 ou 1.875 mg de cloreto de colina por kg, foram administradas ad libitum por 42 dias a tilápias do Nilo (5,09 ± 0,14 g), estocados em gaiolas de PVC atóxico (volume = 60 L), alojadas em caixas de polipropileno de 1000 L, em ambiente com condições controladas de temperatura e luminosidade, num delineamento experimental em blocos incompletos casualizados, com três parcelas por bloco (n=5). O ganho de peso (GDP) e o índice de conversão alimentar (ICA) de todos os tratamentos foram superiores ao controle. Não foram observadas diferenças para a quantidade de lipídios no fígado e tecido corporal, e sobrevivência (S%). Num segundo experimento, os peixes foram alimentados com rações suplementadas com 1.250 ou 2.500 mg de cloreto de colina por kg; ou 1.000; 2.000 ou 3.000 mg de betaína por kg. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para S% e acúmulo de lipídeos hepáticos ou corporais; o ICA e GDP dos tratamentos suplementados com colina foram superiores aos dos tratamentos suplementados com betaína, mas não diferiram entre si. Níveis de suplementação superiores a 375 mg de cloreto de colina por kg de alimento melhoram o ICA e o GDP da tilápia do Nilo, mas a betaína não substitui efetivamente a colina em rações para a espécie.

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Actiaomycin-D (actD) binds to natural DNA at two different classes of binding sites, weak and strong. The affinity for these sites is highly dependent on DNA se(sequence and solution conditions, and the interaction appears to be purely entropic driven Although the entropic character of this reaction has been attributed to the release of water molecules upon drug to DNA complex formation, the mechanism by which hydration regulates actD binding and discrimination between different classes of binding sites on natural DNA is still unknown. In this work, we investigate the role of hydration on this reaction using the osmotic stress method. We skew that the decrease of solution water activity, due to the addition of sucrose, glycerol ethylene glycol, and betaine, favors drug binding to the strong binding sites on DNA by increasing both the apparent binding affinity Delta G, and the number of DNA base pairs apparently occupied by the bound drug n(bp/actD). These binding parameters vary linearly with the logarithm of the molar fraction of water in solution log(X-w), which indicates the contribution of water binding to the energetic of the reaction. It is demonstrated that the hydration change measured upon binding increases proportionally to the apparent size of the binding site n(bp/uctD). This indicates that n(bp/actD) measured from the Scatchard plod is a measure of the size of the DNA molecule changing conformation due to ligand binding. We also find that the contribution of DNA deformation, gauged by n(bp/act) to the total free energy of binding Delta G, is given by Delta G = Delta G(local) + n(bp/actD) x delta G(DNA), where Delta G(local), = -8020 +/- 51 cal/mol of actD bound and delta G(DNa) = -24.1 +/- 1.7cal/mol of base pair at 25 degrees C. We interpret Delta G(local), as the energetic contribution due to the direct interactions of actD with the actual tetranucleotide binding site, and it n(bp/actB) X delta G(DNA) as that due to change inconformation, induced by binding, of it n(bp/actD) DNA base pairs flanking the local site. This interpretation is supported by the agreement found between the value of delta G(DNA) and the torsional free energy change measured independently. We conclude suggesting an allosteric model for ligand binding to DNA, such that the increase in binding affinity is achieved by increasing the relaxation of the unfavorable free energy of binding storage at the local site through a larger number of DNA base pairs. The new aspect on this model is that the size of the complex is not fixed but determined by solutions conditions, such as water activity, which modulate the energetic barrier to change helix conformation. These results may suggest that long-range allosteric transitions of duplex DNA are involved in the inhibition of RNA synthesis by actD, and more generally, in the regulation of transcription. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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The present study aimed to investigate the stimulant effect of five amino acids (alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine) from betaine and their mixtures on the ingestion rates of formulated diet during the larval development of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. The statistical results showed significant effect of age and treatment. However, no significant effect was observed for the interaction of both factors. Glycine, lysine and betaine are considered good stimulants of the pacu feeding behavior.

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Thirty six piglets weaned at 19 days of age were useddistributed in a randomized block design, were used to evaluate the effects of the addition of crescent levels of betaine (0,0%, 0,1%, 0,2% e 0,3%) in the diets on the performance in initial, growing and finishing phases. The indexes of diarrhea incidence were monitored in the first 14 days post-weaning; and the blood parameters at 20, 75, and 150 days of age, as well as the carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. It was not observed (P > 0,05) effect of the betaine on the diarrhea incidence. Significative differences (P < 0.05) were verified among treatments in the finishing phase for daily weight gain and feed conversion. Differences (P < 0.0001) among the days to the blood parameters analysed were also observed. In regard to the backfat thickness, it was verified significative difference (P < 0.05) among the treatments.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of betaine in broiler diets on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers during periods 1 to 7 and 8 to 21 days old. Were used 1,408 Cobb male broiler, randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 16 replicates of 22 birds in environmental chambers. The treatments were: i) positive control - diet formulated according to the nutritional requirements of the birds; ii) negative control - with reduction levels of methionine and choline; iii) negative control + 0.092% supplementation of betaine in substitution of methionine and total choline; iv) negative control + 0.1% supplementation of natural betaine to replace partial methionine and total choline. Were evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion at 7 and 21 days old. At 25 days were evaluated crypt height and depth of jejunum. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and mean comparison test. The results obtained with the supplementation of betaine in the feed only demonstrated a positive effect on feed consumption during 1 to 7 days, and villous height of the jejunum in the period of 8 to 21 days. Supplementation of 0.1% betafin (96% natural betaine) in the diet provided significant improvements in the morphological characteristics of the small intestine of broilers.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)