Fabrication of phytic acid sensor based on mixed phytase-lipid Langmuir-Blodgett films

This paper reports the surface activity of phytase at the air-water interface, its interaction with lipid monolayers, and the construction of a new phytic acid biosensor on the basis of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Phytase was inserted in the subphase solution of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) Langmuir monolayers, and its incorporation to the air-water interface was monitored with surface pressure measurements. Phytase was able to incorporate into DPPG monolayers even at high surface pressures, ca. 30 mN/m, under controlled ionic strength, pH, and temperature. Mixed Langmuir monolayers of phytase and DPPG were characterized by surface pressure-area and surface potential-area isotherms, and the presence of the enzyme provided an expansion in the monolayers ( when compared to the pure lipid at the interface). The enzyme incorporation also led to significant changes in the equilibrium surface compressibility (in-plane elasticity), especially in liquid-expanded and liquid-condensed regions. The dynamic surface elasticity for phytase-containing interfaces was investigated using harmonic oscillation and axisymmetric drop shape analysis. The insertion of the enzyme at DPPG monolayers caused an increase in the dynamic surface elasticity at 30 mN m(-1), indicating a strong interaction between the enzyme and lipid molecules at a high-surface packing. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films containing 35 layers of mixed phytase-DPPG were characterized by ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and crystal quartz microbalance nanogravimetry. The ability in detecting phytic acid was studied with voltammetric measurements.

Reaproveitamento de lama vermelha na obtenção de compostos do tipo hidrotalcita do sistema (Zn-Ni-Cu/Fe-Al)-SO4

Compostos do tipo hidrotalcita, também conhecidos como hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDLs), do sistema (Zn-Ni-Cu/Fe-Al)-SO₄ foram obtidos por meio de co-precipitação a pH variável (crescente) utilizando lama vermelha (LV) como material de partida devido a sua elevada porcentagem de Fe³⁺ e Al³⁺. Para tal estudo, a LV, previamente caracterizada por FRX e DRX, foi submetida à abertura ácida com HCl_conc. e H₂SO₄ 2N. Para os HDLs obtidos, foram avaliados a influência do tipo de cátion bivalente, da variação do pH de síntese (pH 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 e 12) e da variação de razão molar teórica r = M^II/M^III (2, 3 e 4) na sua estrutura cristalina mediante as seguintes técnicas de caracterização: DRX, FT-IR, MEV/EDS, TG/ATD. Os resultados FRX revelaram que a LV é composta principalmente por Fe₂O₃ (32,80%), Al₂O₃ (19,83%), SiO₂ (18,14%) e Na₂O (11,55%). DRX corrobora os resultados da análise química, visto que foram identificados os minerais: hematita, goethita, gibbsita, sodalita, calcita, anatásio e quartzo. Zn-HDLs mostraram que a o aumento de pH de síntese colabora para um melhor ordenamento cristalino do material, uma vez que os picos se tornam melhor definidos, culminando com a melhor condição experimental em pH 9 e r = 3, cujo HDL foi identificado como o mineral natroglaucocerinita (d~11 Ǻ). Nesses valores de pH, a incorporação de SO₄^2- no espaçamento interlamelar foi favorecida apesar da competição com o CO₂ presente no ar atmosférico no momento da síntese. FT-IR também indica a presença do sulfato. As análises por MEV revelam a presença de cristais muito finos e pequenos, > 2μm, de forma hexagonal que pela análise via EDS indicaram, em sua composição, os elementos Na, Zn, Fe, Al, S, C e O. TG/ATD evidenciaram quatro etapas de perda de massa: desidratação, desidroxilação, desoxidenação e dessulfatação, para os HDLs com melhor ordenamento cristalino. Para os materiais menos cristalinos, as duas primeiras etapas ocorrem simultaneamente. Ni-HDLs apresentaram três picos com posições próximas às do mineral carrboydita a partir de pH igual a 7. No entanto, a partir de pH 9, surge hematita como uma fase acessória. Também há disputa entre os ânions SO₄^2- e CO₃^2- no espaço interlamelar, visto que os valores de espaçamento basal d diminuem (de aproximadamente 9,5 até 7,8 Ǻ). Tal fato também foi observado pelo FT-IR. As análises por MEV mostraram aglomerados de minerais anédricos menores que 2μm que, via EDS indicaram composição Ni, Fe, Al, S, C e O. As análises de TG/ATD apresentaram o mesmo comportamento do sistema anterior, evidenciaram as etapas de desidratação, desidroxilação, desoxigenação e dessulfatação e, para os materiais menos cristalinos, as duas primeiras etapas também ocorrem simultaneamente. Cu-HDLs, em valores de pH entre 7 e 10, não cristalizaram a fase HDL tal qual verificada para os sistemas contendo zinco ou níquel. O cobre distorce a estrutura do octaedro causando o chamado Efeito Jahn-Teller: distorção tetraédrica no ambiente octaédrico. As análises por FT-IR apresentaram o mesmo comportamento dos sistemas anteriores, apesar de o material se apresentar amorfo via DRX. O MEV também revela aglomerados amorfos que, de acordo com o EDS, indicaram em sua composição os elementos Cu, Fe, Al, S, C e O. As análises de TG/ATD apresentaram o mesmo comportamento que os materiais menos cristalinos dos dois sistemas anteriores, para os quais as etapas de desidratação e desidroxilação ocorreram simultaneamente. Mt-HDLs (mistura de Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺), apresentaram comportamento semelhante aos HDLs de níquel, com quatro picos em posições próximas aos da carrboydita a partir de pH igual a 7. A disputa entre sulfato e carbonato também se repete, visto que os valores de espaçamento basal d diminuem (de aproximadamente 9,5 até 7,9 Ǻ), o que também pode ser notado nos espectros de FT-IR. O MEV dessas amostras também apresentaram aglomerados com tamanhos menores que 2μm e, via EDS, indicaram em sua composição os elementos Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Al, S, C e O. Aqui também o comportamento das curvas TG/ATD foi semelhante aos materiais pouco cristalinos obtidos anteriormente.

Análise de formas planas em imagens digitais: uma nova abordagem baseada na Transformada de Hough

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE

Regional 3D superimposition to assess temporomandibular joint condylar morphology

Objectives: To investigate the reliability of regional three-dimensional registration and superimposition methods for assessment of temporomandibular joint condylar morphology across subjects and longitudinally.Methods: The sample consisted of cone beam CT scans of 36 patients. The across-subject comparisons included 12 controls, mean age 41.3 +/- 12.0 years, and 12 patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, mean age 41.3 +/- 14.7 years. The individual longitudinal assessments included 12 patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, mean age 37.8 +/- 16.7 years, followed up at pre-operative jaw surgery, immediately after and one-year post-operative. Surface models of all condyles were constructed from the cone beam CT scans. Two previously calibrated observers independently performed all registration methods. A landmark-based approach was used for the registration of across-subject condylar models, and temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis vs control group differences were computed with shape analysis. A voxel-based approach was used for registration of longitudinal scans calculated x, y, z degrees of freedom for translation and rotation. Two-way random intraclass correlation coefficients tested the interobserver reliability.Results: Statistically significant differences between the control group and the osteoarthritis group were consistently located on the lateral and medial poles for both observers. The interobserver differences were <= 0.2 mm. For individual longitudinal comparisons, the mean interobserver differences were <= 0.6 mm in translation errors and 1.2 degrees in rotation errors, with excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75).Conclusions: Condylar registration for across-subjects and longitudinal assessments is reliable and can be used to quantify subtle bony differences in the three-dimensional condylar morphology.

3D osteoarthritic changes in TMJ condylar morphology correlates with specific systemic and local biomarkers of disease

Objective: To assess 3D morphological variations and local and systemic biomarker profiles in subjects with a diagnosis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA).Design: Twenty-eight patients with long-term TMJ OA (39.9 +/- 16 years), 12 patients at initial diagnosis of OA (47.4 +/- 16.1 years), and 12 healthy controls (41.8 +/- 12.2 years) were recruited. All patients were female and had cone beam CT scans taken. TMJ arthrocentesis and venipuncture were performed on 12 OA and 12 age-matched healthy controls. Serum and synovial fluid levels of 50 biomarkers of arthritic inflammation were quantified by protein microarrays. Shape Analysis MANCOVA tested statistical correlations between biomarker levels and variations in condylar morphology.Results: Compared with healthy controls, the OA average condyle was significantly smaller in all dimensions except its anterior surface, with areas indicative of bone resorption along the articular surface, particularly in the lateral pole. Synovial fluid levels of ANG, GDF15, TIMP-1, CXCL16, MMP-3 and MMP-7 were significantly correlated with bone apposition of the condylar anterior surface. Serum levels of ENA-78, MMP-3, PAI-1, VE-Cadherin, VEGF, GM-CSF, TGF beta b1, IFN gamma g, TNF alpha a, IL-1 alpha a, and IL-6 were significantly correlated with flattening of the lateral pole. Expression levels of ANG were significantly correlated with the articular morphology in healthy controls.Conclusions: Bone resorption at the articular surface, particularly at the lateral pole was statistically significant at initial diagnosis of TMJ OA. Synovial fluid levels of ANG, GDF15, TIMP-1, CXCL16, MMP-3 and MMP-7 were correlated with bone apposition. Serum levels of ENA-78, MMP-3, PAI-1, VE-Cadherin, VEGF, GM-CSF, TGF beta 1, IFN gamma, TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 were correlated with bone resorption. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.

Search for supersymmetry with razor variables in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Reconhecimento de contorno de edifício em imagens de alta resolução usando os momentos complexos de Zernike

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Investigation of the cingulate cortex in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Studies using quantitative neuroimaging have shown subtle abnormalities in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). These findings have several locations, but the midline parasagittal structures are most commonly implicated. The cingulate cortex is related and may be involved. The objective of the current investigation was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the cingulate cortex using multiple quantitative structural neuroimaging techniques. Thirty-two patients (18 women, 30 ± 10 years) and 36 controls (18 women, 32 ± 11 years) were imaged by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A volumetric three-dimensional (3D) sequence was acquired and used for this investigation. Regions-of-interest were selected and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses compared the cingulate cortex of the two groups using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) and VBM8 software. Cortical analyses of the cingulate gyrus was performed using Freesurfer. Images were submitted to automatic processing using built-in routines and recommendations. Structural parameters were extracted for individual analyses, and comparisons between groups were restricted to the cingulate gyrus. Finally, shape analyses was performed on the anterior rostral, anterior caudal, posterior, and isthmus cingulate using spherical harmonic description (SPHARM). VBM analyses of cingulate gyrus showed areas of gray matter atrophy, mainly in the anterior cingulate gyrus (972 mm(3) ) and the isthmus (168 mm(3) ). Individual analyses of the cingulate cortex were similar between patients with IGE and controls. Surface-based comparisons revealed abnormalities located mainly in the posterior cingulate cortex (718.12 mm(2) ). Shape analyses demonstrated a predominance of anterior and posterior cingulate abnormalities. This study suggests that patients with IGE have structural abnormalities in the cingulate gyrus mainly localized at the anterior and posterior portions. This finding is subtle and variable among patients.

Análise de formas planas em imagens digitais

Given the widespread use of computers, the visual pattern recognition task has been automated in order to address the huge amount of available digital images. Many applications use image processing techniques as well as feature extraction and visual pattern recognition algorithms in order to identify people, to make the disease diagnosis process easier, to classify objects, etc. based on digital images. Among the features that can be extracted and analyzed from images is the shape of objects or regions. In some cases, shape is the unique feature that can be extracted with a relatively high accuracy from the image. In this work we present some of most important shape analysis methods and compare their performance when applied on three well-known shape image databases. Finally, we propose the development of a new shape descriptor based on the Hough Transform.

Análise quantitativa das descargas epileptiformes generalizadas e da neuroimagem de pacientes com epilepsia generalizada idiopática

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Preparação e caracterização de híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos à base de epoxí-silica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Preparação e caracterização de híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos à base de epoxí-silica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Morphometrical diagnosis of the malaria vectors Anopheles cruzii, An. homunculus and An. bellator

Background: Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii is a primary vector of Plasmodium parasites in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Adult females of An. cruzii and An. homunculus, which is a secondary malaria vector, are morphologically similar and difficult to distinguish when using external morphological characteristics only. These two species may occur syntopically with An. bellator, which is also a potential vector of Plasmodium species and is morphologically similar to An. cruzii and An. homunculus. Identification of these species based on female specimens is often jeopardised by polymorphisms, overlapping morphological characteristics and damage caused to specimens during collection. Wing geometric morphometrics has been used to distinguish several insect species; however, this economical and powerful tool has not been applied to Kerteszia species. Our objective was to assess wing geometry to distinguish An. cruzii, An. homunculus and An. bellator. Methods: Specimens were collected in an area in the Serra do Mar hotspot biodiversity corridor of the Atlantic Forest biome (Cananeia municipality, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil). The right wings of females of An. cruzii (n= 40), An. homunculus (n= 50) and An. bellator (n= 27) were photographed. For each individual, 18 wing landmarks were subjected to standard geometric morphometrics. Discriminant analysis of Procrustean coordinates was performed to quantify wing shape variation. Results: Individuals clustered into three distinct groups according to species with a slight overlap between representatives of An. cruzii and An. homunculus. The Mahalanobis distance between An. cruzii and An. homunculus was consistently lower (3.50) than that between An. cruzii and An. bellator (4.58) or An. homunculus and An. bellator (4.32). Pairwise cross-validated reclassification showed that geometric morphometrics is an effective analytical method to distinguish between An. bellator, An. cruzii and An. homunculus with a reliability rate varying between 78-88%. Shape analysis revealed that the wings of An. homunculus are narrower than those of An. cruzii and that An. bellator is different from both of the congeneric species. Conclusion: It is possible to distinguish among the vectors An. cruzii, An. homunculus and An. bellator based on female wing characteristics.

Modeling and measuring the spatial relation "along": Regions, contours and fuzzy sets

The analysis of spatial relations among objects in an image is an important vision problem that involves both shape analysis and structural pattern recognition. In this paper, we propose a new approach to characterize the spatial relation along, an important feature of spatial configurations in space that has been overlooked in the literature up to now. We propose a mathematical definition of the degree to which an object A is along an object B, based on the region between A and B and a degree of elongatedness of this region. In order to better fit the perceptual meaning of the relation, distance information is included as well. In order to cover a more wide range of potential applications, both the crisp and fuzzy cases are considered. In the crisp case, the objects are represented in terms of 2D regions or ID contours, and the definition of the alongness between them is derived from a visibility notion and from the region between the objects. However, the computational complexity of this approach leads us to the proposition of a new model to calculate the between region using the convex hull of the contours. On the fuzzy side, the region-based approach is extended. Experimental results obtained using synthetic shapes and brain structures in medical imaging corroborate the proposed model and the derived measures of alongness, thus showing that they agree with the common sense. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Variation morphogeometrics of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Brazil

The morphometrics of the honey bee Apis mellifera L., 1758 has been widely studied mainly because this species has great ecological importance, high adaptation capacity, wide distribution and capacity to effectively adapt to different regions. The current study aimed to investigate the morphometric variations of wings and pollen baskets of honey bees Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 from the five regions in Brazil. We used geometric morphometrics to identify the existence of patterns of variations of shape and size in Africanized honey bees in Brazil 16 years after the classic study with this species, allowing a temporal and spatial comparative analysis using new technological resources to assess morphometrical data. Samples were collected in 14 locations in Brazil, covering the five geographical regions of the country. The shape analysis and multivariate analyses of the wing allowed to observe that there is a geographical pattern among the population of Apis mellifera in Brazil. The geographical variations may be attributed to the large territorial extension of the country in addition to the differences between the bioregions.