207 resultados para Bêta-carotène


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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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L’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) se définit par un défaut de filtration glomérulaire et est associée à plusieurs désordres. La perturbation de l’homéostasie glucidique en fait partie. L’homéostasie glucidique est contrôlée principalement par l’insuline, soit l’hormone sécrétée en réponse au glucose par les cellules bêta-pancréatiques contenues dans les îlots de Langerhans. La préservation de la fonction de la cellule bêta est essentielle au maintien de l’homéostasie glucidique. Il a été démontré que la sécrétion de l'insuline est altérée au cours l'IRC, cependant les mécanismes demeurent peu connus. Au cours de l’IRC, l’accumulation chronique de toxines urémiques pourrait contribuer à la défaillance de la cellule bêta. L’urée est une toxine urémique majeure et sa toxicité a été récemment rapportée dans plusieurs tissus. Le but de ce mémoire était donc de vérifier le rôle de l’urée dans la dysfonction de la cellule bêta-pancréatique au cours de l’IRC. Nous avons démontré que l’exposition des îlots de souris à des concentrations pathologiques d’urée entraîne une diminution de la sécrétion d’insuline via l’augmentation du stress oxydant et des O-glycosylations. Ce défaut est dû à une perturbation du métabolisme intracellulaire du glucose. Entre autres, nous avons observé une baisse de la glycolyse associée à la réduction de l’activité enzymatique de la phosphofructokinase-1. Ces résultats démontrent un effet toxique direct de l’urée sur la sécrétion d’insuline et permettent de mieux comprendre le mécanisme de dysfonction de la cellule bêta-pancréatique au cours de l’IRC.

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L’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) se définit par un défaut de filtration glomérulaire et est associée à plusieurs désordres. La perturbation de l’homéostasie glucidique en fait partie. L’homéostasie glucidique est contrôlée principalement par l’insuline, soit l’hormone sécrétée en réponse au glucose par les cellules bêta-pancréatiques contenues dans les îlots de Langerhans. La préservation de la fonction de la cellule bêta est essentielle au maintien de l’homéostasie glucidique. Il a été démontré que la sécrétion de l'insuline est altérée au cours l'IRC, cependant les mécanismes demeurent peu connus. Au cours de l’IRC, l’accumulation chronique de toxines urémiques pourrait contribuer à la défaillance de la cellule bêta. L’urée est une toxine urémique majeure et sa toxicité a été récemment rapportée dans plusieurs tissus. Le but de ce mémoire était donc de vérifier le rôle de l’urée dans la dysfonction de la cellule bêta-pancréatique au cours de l’IRC. Nous avons démontré que l’exposition des îlots de souris à des concentrations pathologiques d’urée entraîne une diminution de la sécrétion d’insuline via l’augmentation du stress oxydant et des O-glycosylations. Ce défaut est dû à une perturbation du métabolisme intracellulaire du glucose. Entre autres, nous avons observé une baisse de la glycolyse associée à la réduction de l’activité enzymatique de la phosphofructokinase-1. Ces résultats démontrent un effet toxique direct de l’urée sur la sécrétion d’insuline et permettent de mieux comprendre le mécanisme de dysfonction de la cellule bêta-pancréatique au cours de l’IRC.

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The paper seeks to clarify the role of Local Government Authorities in facilitating the Australian digital economy. It does this by analysing responses to the 2012 BTA, NBN and Digital Economy Survey. This reveals the level of recognition by LGAs of relevant issues; their level of use of federal, state and other programs designed to enable end user engagement; and other actions LGAs are undertaking to enable their regional digital economies. The analysis reinforces the significant role of LGAs in the future of Australia’s digital economy and identifies areas where assistance may be required.

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Before e-Technology’s effects on users can be accurately measured, those users must be fully engaged with the relevant systems and services. That is they must be able to function as part of the digital economy. The paper refers to this ‘user functionality’ as t-Engagement. Not all users are t-Engaged and in many instances achieving t-Engagement will require assistance from external sources. This paper identifies the current state of Australia’s regional digital economy readiness and highlights the role of Local Government Authorities (‘LGAs’) in enabling t-Engagement. The paper analyses responses to the 2012 BTA, NBN and Digital Economy Survey by LGA and other regional organizations within Australia. The paper’s particular focus is on the level of use by Local Government Authorities of federal, state and other programs designed to enable t-Engagement. The analysis confirms the role of LGAs in enabling t-Engagement and in promoting Australia’s digital economy. The paper concludes by reinforcing the need to ensure ongoing meaningful federal and State support of regional initiatives, as well as identifying issues requiring specific attention.

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Age at puberty is an important component of reproductive performance in beef cattle production systems. Brahman cattle are typically late-pubertal relative to Bos taurus cattle and so it is of economic relevance to select for early age at puberty. To assist selection and elucidate the genes underlying puberty, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the BovineSNP50 chip (similar to 54 000 polymorphisms) in Brahman bulls (n = 1105) and heifers (n = 843) and where the heifers were previously analysed in a different study. In a new attempt to generate unbiased estimates of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects and proportion of variance explained by each SNP, the available data were halved on the basis of year and month of birth into a calibration and validation set. The traits that defined age at puberty were, in heifers, the age at which the first corpus luteum was detected (AGECL, h(2) = 0.56 +/- 0.11) and in bulls, the age at a scrotal circumference of 26 cm (AGE26, h(2) = 0.78 +/- 0.10). At puberty, heifers were on average older (751 +/- 142 days) than bulls (555 +/- 101 days), but AGECL and AGE26 were genetically correlated (r = 0.20 +/- 0.10). There were 134 SNPs associated with AGECL and 146 SNPs associated with AGE26 (P < 0.0001). From these SNPs, 32 (similar to 22%) were associated (P < 0.0001) with both traits. These top 32 SNPs were all located on Chromosome BTA 14, between 21.95 Mb and 28.4 Mb. These results suggest that the genes located in that region of BTA 14 play a role in pubertal development in Brahman cattle. There are many annotated genes underlying this region of BTA 14 and these are the subject of current research. Further, we identified a region on Chromosome X where markers were associated (P < 1.00E-8) with AGE26, but not with AGECL. Information about specific genes and markers add value to our understanding of puberty and potentially contribute to genomic selection. Therefore, identifying these genes contributing to genetic variation in AGECL and AGE26 can assist with the selection for early onset of puberty.

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Three new molecular compounds, Ni-5(bta)(6)(CO)(4)], I, Ni-9(bta)(12)(CO)(6)], II, Ni-9(bta)(12)(CO)(6)]. 2(C3H7NO), III, (bta = benzotriazole) were prepared employing solvothermal reactions. Of these, I have pentanuclear nickel, whereas II and III have nonanuclear nickel species. The structures are formed by the connectivity between the nickel and benzotriazole giving rise to the 5- and 9-membered nickel clusters. The structures are stabilised by extensive pi aEuro broken vertical bar pi and C-H... pi interactions. Compound II and III are solvotamorphs as they have the same 9-membered nickel clusters and have different solvent molecules. To the best of our knowledge, the compounds I-III represent the first examples of the same transition element existing in two distinct coordination environment in this class of compounds. The studies reveal that compound I is reactive and could be an intermediate in the preparation of II and III. Thermal studies indicate that the compounds are stable upto 350(a similar to)C and at higher temperatures (similar to 800(a similar to)C) the compounds decompose into NiO. Magnetic studies reveal that II is anti-ferromagnetic.

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The corrosion inhibition behavior of benzotriazole, Na3PO4 and their mixture on carbon steel in 20 wt.% (0.628 mol l(-1)) tetra-n-butylammonium bromide aerated aqueous solution was investigated by weight-loss test, potentiodynamic polarization measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray techniques. The inhibition action of BTA or SP or inhibitors mixture on the corrosion of carbon steel is mainly due to the inhibition of anodic process of corrosion. The results revealed that inhibitors mixtures have shown synergistic effects at lower concentration of inhibitors. At 2 g l(-1) BTA and 2 g l(-1) SP showed optimum enhanced inhibition compared with their individual effects.

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苯多酸作为配体,因有多个可参与配位的羧基,因此,可以和稀土离子生成不同配比而结构特殊的化合物,同时这类化合物具有一系列有趣的性质。本论文选择1,2,4,5-苯四酸(H_4L),1,3,5-苯三酸(H_3L_I),1,2,4-苯三酸(H_3L_(II))和1,2,3-苯三酸(H_3L_(III))作为配体,合成了除P_m以外的十四个镧系元素和Y的络合物。对于稀土和均苯四酸的络合物,除得到了文献曾报导过的4:3组成外,还合成了一个新的系列,其组成为1:1的络合物:Ln·HL·nH_2O(Ln = La-Gd,Er,Y)和Ln·L·NH_4·nH_2O(Ln=Eu,Tb-Lu)。培养出了未见文献报导的稀土Er与均苯四酸络合物的单晶,晶体结构分析指出其组成为[ Er·L·3H_2O]·NH_4·4H_2O,中心离子和配体形成八配位络阴离子,呈畸变的四方反棱柱结构。对所合成的稀土苯多酸络合物(除稀土和1,2,3-苯三酸络合物外),进行了热分析研究,结果表明这类络合物具有很高的热稳定性,空气中,除Ce外,其分解温度均大于420 ℃。指出了络合物热分解机理,对于绝大部分稀土苯多酸络合物。分解分两步进行,第一步络合物脱水,第二步分解为氧化物。镧的苯多酸络合物其分解过程经碱式碳酸盐(LaO)_2 CO_3,最后分解为La_2O_3。络合物DTA分解峰温随稀土原子序有规律地变化,且不同的苯多酸系列络合物呈类似的变化规律,变价元素处于曲线峰谷的位置。测定Ln_4L_3·nH_2O系列络合物的脱水热及脱水和分解表观活化能。系统地研究了络合物在4000-100cm~(-1)范围内的FT-IR光谱,通过对羧基反对称和对称伸缩振动的分析,指出了络合物中羧基的可能配位形式。对组成为Ln·HL·nH_2O(Ln=La-Gd,Y),Ln·L·NH_4·nH_2O (Ln=Tb-Lu),LnL_I·nH_2O (Ln = La-Ho)和LnL_(II)·nH_2O (Ln=Pr-Tm)的络合物,指认了Ln-O链伸缩振动,其振动频率随稀土离子总角动量量子数呈类似“斜W”效应的变化。对于Ln_4L_3·nH_2O,LnL_I·nH_2O和LnL_(II)·nH_2O络合物,随着配体的不同,羧基反对称和对称伸缩振动频率差ΔV以ΔV_(1,3,5)BTA > ΔV_(PMA) > ΔV_(1,2,4)BTA的规律变化。研究了Eu和Tb苯多酸铬合物的萤光相对亮度及其萤光光谱,对Tb络合物,其萤光相对亮度随配体结构的变化有如下变化规律:PMA > 1,2,4 BTA≥1,2,3 BTA > 1,3,5 BTA。Tb的PMA络合物由于其发光强度较大,有可能在实际中得到应用。

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ZSM-5 zeolites with similar SUM ratio were synthesized successfully using various templates (n-butylamine (BTA), ethylamine (ETA), isopropylamine (IPA), ethylenediamine (EDA), ethanol (ETL), ethanol-ammonium (ETL-AM) and no template (NT)) under hydrothermal conditions. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, XRF, NH3-TPD and BET surface area measurements in order to understand the template effects and the differences of the ZSM-5 samples. The synthesis of ZSM-5 with organic templates was relatively easier than those with inorganic templates and without template. SEM results revealed that ZSM-5 synthesized with different templates had different morphology and particle size. The Si/Al ratio and BET specific surface area of the sample with ethanol as template was the lowest. NH3-TPD results showed that the sample synthesized without template had fewer strong acid sites than others. n-Hexane cracking reaction was carried out over the samples to evaluate the catalytic properties. All ZSM-5 zeolites were effective in n-hexane cracking reaction, especially for the sample synthesized without template. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-q) salt of pyromellitic acid (benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid, H(4)bta) forms robust lamellar structure where [H(2)bta](2-) anions build up sheets through strong hydrogen bonds in two dimensions and [H-8-q](+) cations act as pillars to afford an extended three dimensional network.

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笔者等对周潭群沉积变质岩及其中脉体的微量元素、氧同位素地球化学进行了研究, 结果表明, 变质石英脉继承了其围岩的稀土元素及氧同位素地球化学特征, 表明形成石英脉的流体来源于围岩; 脉体的微量元素对Zr—Hf、U —Th、N b—Ta 和Y—Ho 与变质岩有一定的差异, 且有一定的分异, 指示脉体是流体作用的产物。变质流体通过侧向扩散作用形成了周潭群变沉积岩中的变质脉体。

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O Sistema Gestor de Conteúdo da AIE propicia a agregação de valor à informação e ao conhecimento a serem disponibilizados na internet. O tratamento dos recursos de informação é baseado em padrões e formatos internacionais, compatíveis com o ambiente web, o que possibilita a interoperabilidade com outros sistemas e mecanismos de busca.