Efficient method of moving shadow detection and vehicle classification

Moving shadow detection and removal from the extracted foreground regions of video frames, aim to limit the risk of misconsideration of moving shadows as a part of moving objects. This operation thus enhances the rate of accuracy in detection and classification of moving objects. With a similar reasoning, the present paper proposes an efficient method for the discrimination of moving object and moving shadow regions in a video sequence, with no human intervention. Also, it requires less computational burden and works effectively under dynamic traffic road conditions on highways (with and without marking lines), street ways (with and without marking lines). Further, we have used scale-invariant feature transform-based features for the classification of moving vehicles (with and without shadow regions), which enhances the effectiveness of the proposed method. The potentiality of the method is tested with various data sets collected from different road traffic scenarios, and its superiority is compared with the existing methods. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Statistics of an adiabatic charge pump

We investigate the effect of time-dependent cyclic-adiabatic driving on the charge transport in a quantum junction. We propose a nonequilibrium Green's function formalism to study the statistics of the charge pumped (at zero bias) through the junction. The formulation is used to demonstrate charge pumping in a single electronic level coupled to two (electronic) reservoirs with time-dependent couplings. An analytical expression for the average pumped current for a general cyclic driving is derived. It is found that for zero bias, for a certain class of driving, the Berry phase contributes only to the odd cumulants. In contrast, a quantum master equation formulation does not show a Berry-phase effect at all.

Shock transmission in a coupled beam system

This paper investigates the circumstances under which high peak acceleration can occur in the internal parts of a system when subjected to impulsive driving on the outside. Motivating examples include the design of packaging for transportation of fragile items. The system is modelled in an idealised form using two beams coupled with point connections. A Rayleigh-Ritz model of such coupled beams was validated against measurements on a particular beam system, then the model was used to explore the acceleration response to impulsive driving in the time, frequency and spatial domains. This study is restricted to linear vibration response and additional mechanisms for high internal acceleration due to nonlinear effects such as internal impacts are not considered. Using Monte Carlo simulation in which the indirectly driven beam was perturbed by randomly placed point masses a wide range of system behaviour was explored. This facilitates identification of vulnerable configurations that can lead to high internal acceleration. The results from the study indicate the possibility of curve veering influencing the peak acceleration amplification. The possibility of veering within an ensemble was found to be dependent on the relative coupling strength of the modes. Understanding of the mechanism may help to avoid vulnerable cases, either by design or by preparatory vibration testing. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Shock amplification, curve veering and the role of damping

The circumstances are investigated under which high peak acceleration can occur in the internal parts of a system when subjected to impulsive driving on the outside. Previous work using a coupled beam model has highlighted the importance of veering pairs of modes. Such a veering pair can be approximated by a lumped system with two degrees of freedom. The worst case of acceleration amplification is shown to occur when the two oscillators are tuned to the same frequency, and for this case closed-form expressions are derived to show the parameter dependence of the acceleration ratio on the mass ratio and coupling strength. Sensitivity analysis of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors indicates that mass ratio is the most sensitive parameter for altering the veering behaviour in an undamped system. Non-proportional damping is also shown to have a strong influence on the veering behaviour. The study gives design guidelines to allow permissible acceleration levels to be achieved by the choice of the effective mass and damping of the indirectly driven subsystem relative to the directly driven subsystem. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Análise de estabilidade e fundações de equipamentos de sinalização vertical rodoviária

O presente projeto foi realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular Dissertação/Estágio/Projeto, e desenvolve um estudo sobre as estruturas porticadas de sinalização vertical em Autoestradas, ao nível da estrutura metálica e das fundações, com o objetivo de analisar três casos diferentes com características distintas. Dois dos casos em estudo são modelos comuns que se encontram facilmente nas autoestradas. O terceiro tem uma configuração diferente, mais gravoso que o habitual. Com estes três casos obtém-se um estudo completo e abrangente deste tipo de estrutura porticada. Ao longo do projeto é seguida a norma EC3 (Eurocódigo 3 – Projeto de estruturas de aço). Dimensionaram-se as estruturas utilizando secções tubulares, mas é também realizado o dimensionamento de uma solução estrutural alternativa recorrendo a perfis laminados I ou H. As estruturas foram modeladas com recurso ao software de cálculo Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional, obtendo-se os esforços e deformações nos vários pontos da estrutura, que permitem realizar o dimensionamento manual das secções dos perfis estruturais, chumbadouros, chapas de fundação e fundações propriamente ditas. Na parte final do projeto apresenta-se uma apreciação global do mesmo, conclusões gerais sobre os resultados obtidos e possíveis desenvolvimentos futuros.

Les usagers de cannabis et la prise de risque sur la route

La consommation de cannabis et la conduite sous l’influence du cannabis sont des préoccupations grandissantes dans la société d’aujourd’hui. Le but de la présente étude est d’examiner plus en profondeur la relation entre la fréquence de consommation de cannabis chez les jeunes adultes et la prise de risque sur la route. Les participants (n=48) sont tous des hommes âgés de 18 à 26 ans. Ils ont complété une batterie de questionnaires ainsi qu’une tâche sur simulateur de conduite. Les résultats indiquent que la fréquence de consommation de cannabis est associée positivement avec la prise de risque auto rapportée et suggèrent une tendance positive avec les comportements risqués observés lors de la simulation de conduite en laboratoire. Lorsque les différents groupes de consommateurs sont comparés, ceux qui font un usage quotidien ou multihebdomadaire de cannabis semblent prendre plus de risques au volant que ceux qui consomment une fois semaine et moins ou encore une fois par mois et moins. De plus, il semble que plus les individus consomment fréquemment de la marijuana, plus ils ont tendance à adopter des attitudes permissives en lien avec la conduite sous l’influence de cannabis. Les implications quant à l’intervention sont discutées.

High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder measurements of gravity wave activity in the 2006 Arctic stratosphere

Observations from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument on NASA's Aura satellite are used to quantify gravity wave momentum fluxes in the middle atmosphere. The period around the 2006 Arctic sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is investigated, during which a substantial elevation of the stratopause occurred. Analysis of the HIRDLS results, together with analysis of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting zonal winds, provide direct evidence of wind filtering of the gravity wave spectrum during this period. This confirms previous hypotheses from model studies and further contributes to our understanding of the effects of gravity wave driving on the winter polar stratopause.

Video surveillance : past, present, and now the future

Video surveillance is a part of our daily life, even though we may not necessarily realize it. We might be monitored on the street, on highways, at ATMs, in public transportation vehicles, inside private and public buildings, in the elevators, in front of our television screens, next to our baby?s cribs, and any spot one can set a camera.

Goethite (alpha-FeOOH) Nanorods as Suitable Antiferromagnetic Substrates

We propose goethite nanorods as suitable anti-ferromagnetic substrates. The great advantage of using these inorganic nanostructures as building blocks comes from the fact that it permits the design and fabrication of colloidal and supracolloidal assemblies knowing first their magnetic characteristics. As a proof of concept, we have developed mix multifunctional systems, driving on the surface of these AFM substrates, cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (the study of bimagnetic systems opens new degrees of freedom to tailor the overall properties and offers the Meiklejohn-Bean paradigm, but inverted), a silica shell (protection purposes, but also as a tailored spacer that permits controlling magnetic interactions), and metallic gold clusters (seeds that can favor the acquisition of optical or catalytic properties).

The Relationship between Transport Infrastructure and EconomicGrowth: An Empirical Analysis Comparing Developing and DevelopedCountries

Gross domestic product (GDP) is generally considered as the most important index and comprehensive measure of the size of economy. This paper investigates empirically the relationship between transport infrastructure (focus on highways) and GDP growth based on a production function approach. The physical stocks of transport infrastructure were used instead of monetary data to measure public capital together with several other variables (labor and private capital) that were hypothesized to affect economic growth. Then we explore a number of subsequent studies that use panel data covering the period between 1992 and 2004. An investigation was done to compare developed countries and developing countries. Results indicate that physical units are positively and significantly related to economic growth. Furthermore there was an interesting finding that the output elasticity with respect to physical units for developed countries is higher than developing countries.

Feel bored? Join Verse! Engineering Vehicular Proximity Social Network

Travellers in vehicles often have strong willingness to share their travel experience and exchange information to each other through social networks2, such as Facebook and Twitter. This, however, can be costly due to the limited connections to Internet on the road. In this paper we develop Verse to facilitate the social communications among vehicle travellers on highways. Verse enables passengers on-board vehicles to share the content information, such as travel blogs with pictures, among each other using the impromptu wireless inter-vehicle communications. Unlike traditional online social networks, which are built upon the reliable IP networks, vehicular social networks face fundamental challenges in that: 1) users are anonymous and strangers to each other and hard to identify potential friends of shared interests, and 2) users communicate through intermittent and unreliable inter-vehicle connections. On addressing the two challenges, Verse implements a friend recommendation function, which helps passengers efficiently identify potential social friends with both shared interests and relatively reliable wireless connections. In addition, Verse is equipped with a social-aware rate control scheme towards efficient utilization of network bandwidth. Using extensive simulations, we show that the friend recommendation function of Verse can effectively predict the mobility of vehicles to assist the social communication, and the social-aware rate control scheme quickly and efficiently adapts the vehicle’s transmission rate according to their social impacts.

Foreign investment in Mexico after economic reform

Includes bibliography

Desenvolvimento de mapa dinâmico para sistema de navegação terrestre

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

Aspectos fundamentais das medidas e interpretação de registros paleomagnéticos em rochas sedimentares da Formação Longá-Bacia do Parnaíba

Considerando que o número de dados paleomagnéticos para o Paleozóico Superior, principalmente Devoniano da América do Sul, é ainda insuficiente não permitindo que uma Curva de Deriva Polar confiável possa ser construída, foram amostrados 43 níveis estratigráficos da Formação Longá, os quais foram estudados paleomagneticamente com o propósito de contribuir para que uma Curva mais confiável possa ser construída. A amostragem foi feita segundo o método dos blocos ao longo dos perfis Teresina, Barras, Batalha, na rodovia PI-13 e Floriano, Nazaré do Piauí, Oeiras nas rodovias PI-24 e BR-230, no estado do Piauí. Os tratamentos foram iniciados no laboratório de Paleomagnetismo do IAG-USP e complementados no do NCGG-UFPa. Utilizou-se as técnicas de desmagnetização progressiva por campos alternados até 700 e/ou temperaturas até 670-700ºC. A interpretação dos resultados foi feita por meio dos diagramas vetoriais de Zijderveld, pelas curvas J-T/C de variação da intensidade magnética com os campos ou temperaturas, e pelos gráficos de variação na direção do vetor magnetização. Os cálculos de direção média e polos foram feitos segundo a Estatística de Fisher (1953). Foram identificadas 4 direções de magnetização remanente: 1. Uma secundária de origem química (CRM) e polaridade reversa, cujo mineral responsável é a hematita produzida provavelmente por alteração deutérica a partir da magnetita. Esta magnetização (identificada pela letra B) quando datada paleomagneticamente (coordenadas do polo 80ºS, 3°E, A₉₅ = 13.6°) indicou idade correspondente ao intervalo Carbonífero-Permiano. 2. Uma componente isotérmica (IRM) dura de espectro totalmente superposto à magnetização inicial que não foi afetada por nenhum dos tratamentos. Esta magnetização foi denominada D e apresentou direção muito estável em torno do ponto de declinação = 234.23º e inclinação = 41.94º. 3. Um grupo de direções de magnetização de origem viscosa (VRM) moles, identificados pela letra C, cuja direção média é dada por: declinação = 15º e inclinação = -20º. Foram removidas a temperatura entre 300 – 600ºC. 4. Finalmente uma magnetização principal, de polaridade normal, denominada A, provavelmente de origem detrítica (DRM) cujo correspondente polo paleomagnético (de coordenadas: 48ºS, 331.7ºE; A₉₅ = 9.9º) mostrou-se compatível com a idade da Formação (Devoniano Superior). Esta magnetização foi considerada inicial. Os polos paleomagnéticos correspondentes às magnetizações A e B, juntamente com outros da América do Sul, foram rotacionados para a África segundo a configuração pré-deriva de Smith e Hallam (1970) e comparados a polos Africanos e Australianos de mesma idade, mostrando-se coerentes. Suas polaridades também estão em acordo com as escalas magnetoestratigráficas publicadas por Irving e Pullaiah (1976) e Khramov e Rodionov (1981).

Análise da influência da iluminação de rodovias federais com a redução do número de acidentes

The increasing rate of traffic accidents, followed by the high rate of mortality due to these occurrences, favored to the classification of traffic accidents as a public health problem in Brazil. These accidents consume a significant portion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), especially related to the victims. Considering this scenery with many tragedies and resources being spent only in the end, this paper seeks to examine the influence of federal highways lighting by reducing the number of accidents. Federal Highways sections that received lighting were taken up for study, therefore a survey of statistical data has been raised considering the accidents before and after the route had been illuminated. Taking advantage of the results obtained, an economic analysis has been made considering the amounts consumed by traffic accidents versus the values required for the installation of lighting on highways