Job losses, outsourcing and relocation: empirical evidence using microdata

Using microdata, we analyse the determinants of firm relocation and conventional outsourcing decisions as a way to reduce employment. The results for a sample of 32 countries show the relevance of factors not considered previously in the literature. Firms that are below average in quality or innovation have a higher propensity to externalise part of their production through outsourcing, while lower relative profitability and longer time to market for new products each imply a higher probability of relocation.

Els estudiants estrangers volen venir a Barcelona

La valoració global de Barcelona que fan en el document és que les universitats de renom de la nostra ciutat estan a disposició dels estudiants internacionals a un cost molt més baix que les universitats dels Estats Units o el Regne Unit. Barcelona està en el cor cultural d'Europa i aconsegueix la màxima puntuació en qualitat de teatre i produccions musicals. La diversitat se celebra en aquesta ciutat ben comunicada. Barcelona no és, però, la destinació ideal per a inversors o persones que busquen feina. Malgrat un entorn polític obert, la ciutat està castigada per un baix creixement econòmic, alts impostos i l'escalada de l'atur. Objectiva valoració

Els secrets de la neuroeconomia

A l'inici de la crisi financera actual (2008), la situació econòmica dels EUA s'enfonsava per la caiguda en la despesa dels consumidors d'un 6,2% el quart trimestre del 2008, xifra que va superar els càlculs del 3,8% del Govern i els del 5,4% dels analistes. L'ús de més dades objectives va reduir, però no va suprimir, l'error d'aquests. Aquell mateix any a Espanya les xifres d'atur es disparaven molt per sobre del que havia previst el Govern. El 2009, ni l'evidència constant de l'augment progressiu d'aquest no va poder canviar el discurs governamental obstinat que l'atur no arribaria a taxes tan elevades. De forma similar opera el cervell econòmic, un conjunt complex de xarxes neuronals que s'encarreguen de prendre decisions i del processament de la informació emocional i motivacional. Fins i tot amb dades reals a la seva disposició, és incapaç de no deixar-se portar per les seves pròpies expectatives [...]

Is the wage curve formal or informal? Evidence for Colombia

The objective of this paper is to analyse the existente or not of a wage curve in Colombia, paying special attention to the differences between formal and informal workers, an issue that has been systematically ignored in the wage curve literature. The obtained results using microdata from the Colombian Continuous Household Survey (CHS) between 2002 and 2006 show the existence of a wage curve with a negative slope for the Colombian economy. Using information on metropolitan areas, the estimates of the elasticity of individual wages to local unemployment rates was -0.07, a value that is very close to those obtained for other countries. However, the disaggregation of statistical information for formal and informal workers has shown significant differences among both groups of workers. In particular, for the less protected groups of the labour market, informal workers (both men and women), a high negatively sloped wage curve was found. This result is consistent with the conclusions from efficiency wage theoretical models and should be taken into account when analysing the functioning of regional labour markets in developing countries.

Ecological fallacy in a time series context: evidence from the Spanish regional unemployment rates

The ecological fallacy (EF) is a common problem regional scientists have to deal with when using aggregated data in their analyses. Although there is a wide number of studies considering different aspects of this problem, little attention has been paid to the potential negative effects of the EF in a time series context. Using Spanish regional unemployment data, this paper shows that EF effects are not only observed at the cross-section level, but also in a time series framework. The empirical evidence obtained shows that analytical regional configurations are the least susceptible to time effects relative to both normative and random regional configurations, while normative configurations are an improvement over random ones.

Les perspectives post-crisi

El 29 d'abril el conseller d'Empresa i Ocupació deia que l'objectiu és aconseguir que l'any 2020 el pes dels sectors industrials en el PIB català arribi al 25%. La declaració oficial és que el govern aposta per una indústria més intensiva en innovació, en talent i inserida en l'economia global. Segons el govern es passa d'una declaració d'intencions a accions concretes d'aplicació immediata [...]

Evolución de la NAIRU en la economía española: una estimación mediante el filtro de Kalman

La tasa de paro de inflación estable (NAIRU) describe aquella tasa de desempleo que se alcanza en el equilibrio entre las reivindicaciones salariales de los trabajadores y los objetivos de beneficio de las empresas. En este trabajo se desarrolla un enfoque teórico general que permite determinar el nivel de la NAIRU. Esta cuestión adquiere una especial trascendencia teórica y empírica si se tiene en cuenta que esta tasa de paro de equilibrio ha aumentado en la mayoría de países europeos. Sin embargo, esta tasa de paro de equilibrio no puede observarse directamente por lo que se recurre a su estimación econométrica a partir del filtro de Kalman. Para ilustrar la potencialidad del modelo desarrollado y la influencia de la determinadas variables relacionadas con la distribución de las rentas salariales, se analiza cual ha sido la evolución de la NAIRU para la economía española en el periodo 1964-2004.

The allometry of non-employment. What can compositional data analysis tell us about labour market performance across the UK's regions?

The low levels of unemployment recorded in the UK in recent years are widely cited as evidence of the country’s improved economic performance, and the apparent convergence of unemployment rates across the country’s regions used to suggest that the longstanding divide in living standards between the relatively prosperous ‘south’ and the more depressed ‘north’ has been substantially narrowed. Dissenters from these conclusions have drawn attention to the greatly increased extent of non-employment (around a quarter of the UK’s working age population are not in employment) and the marked regional dimension in its distribution across the country. Amongst these dissenters it is generally agreed that non-employment is concentrated amongst older males previously employed in the now very much smaller ‘heavy’ industries (e.g. coal, steel, shipbuilding). This paper uses the tools of compositiona l data analysis to provide a much richer picture of non-employment and one which challenges the conventional analysis wisdom about UK labour market performance as well as the dissenters view of the nature of the problem. It is shown that, associated with the striking ‘north/south’ divide in nonemployment rates, there is a statistically significant relationship between the size of the non-employment rate and the composition of non-employment. Specifically, it is shown that the share of unemployment in non-employment is negatively correlated with the overall non-employment rate: in regions where the non-employment rate is high the share of unemployment is relatively low. So the unemployment rate is not a very reliable indicator of regional disparities in labour market performance. Even more importantly from a policy viewpoint, a significant positive relationship is found between the size of the non-employment rate and the share of those not employed through reason of sickness or disability and it seems (contrary to the dissenters) that this connection is just as strong for women as it is for men

Un nou enfocament del treball social : el treball comunitari i reptes que planteja : el paper de l'educador en el treball social comunitari. 'Un nuevo enfoque del trabajo social : el trabajo comunitario y retos que plantea : el papel del educador en el trabajo social comunitario'.

Reflexionar y aportar elementos encaminados a demostrar que solamente es posible desarrollar la función educativa del educador en un modelo de trabajo social comunitario desde un abordaje de las problemáticas no centradas exclusivamente en el sujeto, e introduciendo el trabajo desde la comunidad y con la comunidad, como elemento necesario e imprescindible para hacer efectiva la socialización. Associació de Joves contra l'Atur del barri del Carmelo de Barcelona, trabajando con siete monitores y 36 socios aproximadamente que corresponden a los miembros de algunos de los talleres con los que se ha trabajado. Se realiza un estudio profundo y teórico sobre la comunidad y se aporta una perspectiva histórica del trabajo social. Se analiza el modelo de intervención comunitária y se habla del proceso de disocialización en el trabajo comunitario y la figura del educador. Se presenta una experiencia realizada en una asociación de jóvenes contra el paro. Documentos de régimen interior de la institución, encuestas y entrevistas. En la evaluación inicial de los sujetos se haya que en base a 27 chicas y 9 chicos (edad 21 años, promedio), en el caso del nivel cultural, un 16 por ciento están haciendo BUP, COU (alguno ha acabado) y el 20 por ciento EGB o Graduado Escolar (bastantes no lo han acabado). Respecto a la experiencia laboral, un 16 por ciento han hecho alguna vez algún trabajo puntual y el 20 por ciento no han trabajado nunca. Los 16 jóvenes con un cierto nivel de estudios coincide que la mayoría participan en la asociación a diferentes niveles; y el 20 por ciento de los jóvenes con EGB o Graduado, coinciden en que son los que estuvieron interesados en el curso de formación. En conclusión, estamos asistiendo a un momento de evolución en la democratización de nuestra sociedad, en la que se hace necesario incentivar la participación del ciudadano en los procesos comunitarios de implicación, protagonismo, planificación, decisión y gestión. Se apuesta por un modelo democrático representativo y participativo, donde la comunidad adquiere una mayor autonomia. El trabajo comunitario puede ser un elemento dinamizador de este enfoque. La comunidad y la administración pública han de expresar su voluntad para fomentar el cambio. El trabajador social y/o el educador han de clarificar donde se sitúa y cómo participa de este proceso desde su trabajo específico con la comunidad y la administración. Fecha de finalización tomada del código del documento.

Overview: oxidant and particle photochemical processes above a south-east Asian tropical rain forest (the OP3 project); introduction, rationale, location, characteristics and tools

In April–July 2008, intensive measurements were made of atmospheric composition and chemistry in Sabah, Malaysia, as part of the "Oxidant and particle photochemical processes above a South-East Asian tropical rainforest" (OP3) project. Fluxes and concentrations of trace gases and particles were made from and above the rainforest canopy at the Bukit Atur Global Atmosphere Watch station and at the nearby Sabahmas oil palm plantation, using both ground-based and airborne measurements. Here, the measurement and modelling strategies used, the characteristics of the sites and an overview of data obtained are described. Composition measurements show that the rainforest site was not significantly impacted by anthropogenic pollution, and this is confirmed by satellite retrievals of NO2 and HCHO. The dominant modulators of atmospheric chemistry at the rainforest site were therefore emissions of BVOCs and soil emissions of reactive nitrogen oxides. At the observed BVOC:NOx volume mixing ratio (~100 pptv/pptv), current chemical models suggest that daytime maximum OH concentrations should be ca. 105 radicals cm−3, but observed OH concentrations were an order of magnitude greater than this. We confirm, therefore, previous measurements that suggest that an unexplained source of OH must exist above tropical rainforest and we continue to interrogate the data to find explanations for this.

Hin ōrer u ayd ōrerun hay metsatunnerě : 1550-1870 /

Errata slip inserted.

Female employment from the household. Towards a comprehensive analysis of work-life articulation

Research on women’s employment has proliferated over recent decades, often under a perspective that conceptualizes female labour market activity as independent of male presences and absences in the productive and reproductive spheres. In the face of these approaches, the article argues the need to focus on the couple as the unit of analysis of work-life articulation. After referring to the main theoretical arguments that, from a gender perspective within labour studies, have pointed out the relevance of placing the household as the central space for the analysis of the sexual division of labour, the article reviews different empirical contributions that have incorporated such perspective in the international literature. Next, the state of the art in the Spanish literature is presented, before arguing the desirability of applying such framework of analysis to the study of employment and care work in Spanish households, which are at present undergoing major transformations.