372 resultados para Asia priority in the Australian curriculum


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The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, has a dentition consisting of enamel, mantle dentine and bone, enclosing circumdenteonal, core and interdenteonal dentines. Branching processes from cells that produce interdenteonal dentine leave the cell surface at different angles, with collagen fibrils aligned parallel to the long axis of each process. In the interdenteonal dentine, crystals of calcium hydroxyapatite, form within fibrils of collagen, and grow within a matrix of non-collagenous protein. Crystals are aligned parallel to the cell process, as are the original collagen fibrils. Because the processes are angled to the cell surface, the crystals within the core or interdenteonal dentine are arranged in bundles set at angles to each other. Apatite crystals in circumdenteonal dentine are finer and denser than those of the interdenteonal dentine, and form outside the fibrils of collagen. In mature circumdenteonal dentine the crystals of circumdenteonal dentine form a dense tangled mass, linked to interdenteonal dentine by isolated crystals. The functional lungfish tooth plate contains prisms of large apatite crystals in the interdenteonal dentine and masses of fine tangled crystals around each denteon. This confers mechanical strength on a structure with little enamel that is subjected to heavy wear. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Objective: To describe antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in community settings in Australia. Design and setting: Survey of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively Australia-wide between July 2004 and February 2005; results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002. Main outcome measures: Up to 100 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of S. aureus from outpatient settings were collected at each of 22 teaching hospital and five private laboratories from cities in all Australian states and territories. They were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibilities (by agar dilution methods), coagulase gene typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and polymerase chain reaction tests for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. Results: 2652 S. aureus isolates were collected, of which 395 (14.9%) were MRSA. The number of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolates rose from 4.7% (118/2498) of S. aureus isolates in 2000 to 7.3% (194/2652) in 2004 (P=0.001). Of the three major CA-MRSA strains, WA-1 constituted 45/257 (18%) of MRSA in 2000 and 64/395 (16%) in 2004 (P=0.89), while the Queensland (OLD) strain increased from 13/257 (5%) to 58/395 (15%) (P=0.0004), and the south-west Pacific (SWP) strain decreased from 33/257 (13%) to 26/395 (7%) (P=0.01). PVL genes were detected in 90/195 (46%) of CA-MRSA strains, including 5/64 (8%) of WA-1, 56/58 (97%) of OLD, and 25/26 (96%) of SWP strains. Among health care-associated MRSA strains, all AUS-2 and AUS-3 isolates were multidrug-resistant, and UK EMRSA-15 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (50%) or to ciprofloxacin alone (44%). Almost all (98%) of CA-MRSA strains were non-multiresistant. Conclusions: Community-onset MRSA continues to spread throughout Australia. The hypervirulence determinant PVL is often found in two of the most common CA-MRSA strains. The rapid changes in prevalence emphasise the importance of ongoing surveillance.

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Background: This article is derived from a more extensive review of literature for a qualitative study that explored the meaning of truth-telling within the care provider-aged resident dyad in high-level (nursing home) aged care. Aim: This paper describes through the literature, work practices and the culture of the nursing home as promoting instrumental care, therefore prioritizing doing-for over being-with. The nursing home, starved of time and staff, silences and isolates the aged care resident in an environment that is, arguably, rarely homelike. Conclusion: The appraisal of the nursing home offered here means that a number of residents' rights are at risk and care providers (notably registered nurses and the personal care assistants) risk contravening the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia.