Diet-induced changes in lipid and fatty acid composition of Artemia salina

The influence of diet on lipid and fatty acid composition of the brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplii was investigated. Various diets with different lipid composition and fatty acid profiles were fed to nauplii for 2 weeks. The lipid composition of microalgal diets, Isochrysis galbana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nannochloropsis oculata and baker's yeast was analyzed. Newly hatched nauplii were examined before the feeding experiment. It was shown that Artemia was able to incorporate and selectively concentrate some dietary lipids. Depot lipids were more sensitive to changes in the dietary lipid composition than the main structural lipids, polar lipids and sterols. Variations in the content of the lipid classes correlated with stage of development of the animal. The fatty acid composition of the animal varied with that of diet. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were apparently supported in the nauplii by biosynthesis de novo. The acid 16:1(n-7) originated from the food. The concentration range of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remained constant through the accumulation from the diet. The proportion of n-3 PUFAs varied with their level in the diet. The dynamics of alteration of 20:5(n-3) content in Artemia fed on Isochrysis, which is poor in this acid, suggested a limited capacity for elongation and desaturation of 18:3(n-3) to 20:5(n-3). None of the diets provided dietary input of 22:6(n-3). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) bioassay of extracts from Lychnophoriopsis candelabrum and different Lychnophora species

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Physiological and metabolic effects of nutrient enrichment on adult Artemia franciscana

[EN] Brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia sp.) are used in aquaculture as the major food source for many cultured marine larvae, and also used in the adult phase for many juvenile and adult fish. One artemia species, Artemia franciscana is most commonly preferred, due to the availability of its cysts and to its ease in hatching and biomass production. The problem with A. franciscana is that its nutritional quality is relatively poor in essential fatty acids, so that it is common practice to enrich it with emulsions like SELCO and ORIGO. This “bioencapsulation”, enrichment method permits the incorporation of different kinds of products into the artemia. This brine-shrimp’s non-selective particle-feeding habits, makes it particularly suitable for this enrichment process. The bioencapsulation is done just prior to feeding the artemia to a predator organism. This allows the delivery of different substances, not only for nutrient enrichment, but also for changing pigmentation and administering medicine. This is especially useful in culturing ornamental seahorses and tropical fish in marine aquaria In this study the objectives were to determine, the relative nutrient value of ORIGO and SELCO as well as the optimal exposure to these supplements prior to their use as food-organisms.

Jungle Perch Kuhlia Rupestris Fingerling Production Manual

This manual consists of written descriptions of jungle perch Kuhlia rupestris production and video material to demonstrate each of the key production steps. Video links are at the end of each major written section in the document. To activate the link use ctrl click. The videos enhance the instructive ability of this manual. The keys to producing jungle perch are:  maintaining broodstock in freshwater or low salinity water less than 5 ppt  spawning fish in full seawater at 28C  incubating eggs in full seawater. Salinities must not be less than 32 ppt  ensuring that first feed jungle perch larvae have an adequate supply of copepod nauplii  rearing larvae in full seawater under bright light  use of gentle aeration in tanks  postponing spawns until adequate densities of copepod nauplii are present in ponds  sustaining copepod blooms in ponds for at least 20 days  avoiding use of paddlewheels in ponds  supplementary feeding with Artemia salina and weaning diets from 20 days after hatch  harvesting of fingerlings or fry after they are 25-30 mm in length (50 to 60 days post hatch)  covering tanks of fingerlings with 5 mm mesh and submerging freshwater inlets to prevent jumping.

Eclosión de huevos de artemia (Artemia franciscana, Kellogg) a nivel de Laboratorio en la Universidad Nacional Agraria Managua, Niaragua

En el estudio de eclosión de Artemia franciscana a nivel de laboratorio, tuvo como objetivo determinar el tipo de tratamiento que se adapta a condiciones de laboratorio brindando buenos resultados para la eclosión del crustáceo Artemia ( Artemia franciscana Kellogg). La metodología utilizada consistió en la toma de datos en el laboratorio evaluando los siguientes tratamientos: Toma de pH de los ensayos; Toma de temperatura; Salinidad; Medición de Sobrevivencia. Una vez establecido el estudio se procedió a poner el huevo de Artemia, en lo cual se pusieron a eclosionar durante 48 horas para iniciar el proceso eclosivo del crustáceo. El manejo que se aplicó en el estudio consistió en tomar datos de temperatura y del pH para llevar un control y seguimiento a la eclosión de Artemia así como el control de la alimentación que consistía a base de una dieta de pastilla de alga S pirulina máxima triturada. De acuerdo al análisis estadístico realizado con metodología de DUNCAN, correlación de Pearson y procesado en el programa estadístico INFOSTAT indican que la mejor eclosión se obtuvo en el tratamiento D con un 65.40% dando pautas de ser el tratamiento que mejor se adapto a las condiciones de laboratorio. La sobre vivencia de los otros tratamientos es positiva y adaptable a las condiciones de laboratorio donde es recomendable utilizar recipientes con mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de agua. Recomendándose para futuros cultivos de Artemia se puede llevar a cabo el manejo ya implementado en el Laboratorio de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional Agraria para un mayor rendimiento en la sobre vivencia del estudio. Y seguir proporcionando información para la eclosion de dicho crustáceo que representa una opción alimenticia de bajo impacto a productores pesqueros del país.

Post-larval feeding of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1802) on cultured zooplankton and artemia diets

The findings are presented of a study undertaken to provide baseline information that may be employed to develop a simplified hatchery technique for postlarval feeding of Clarias gariepinus on zooplankton cultured indoors in small aquaria. Three series of experiments were undertaken to identify the type and quantity of organic manure that would produce maximum densities of zooplankton in the shortest time in indoor cultures. Results suggest the possibility of the culture of natural zooplankton populations for use in larval feeding of C. gariepinus fry. Its effective hatchery application would bring about reduction in the unit cost per fingerling and ensure continuous hatchery operations even in the absence of Artemia cysts

Estudo toxicológico de extratos do coral alcionáceo Chromonephthea braziliensis (Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae)

Os recifes de corais são ecossistemas diversos com alta densidade de biodiversidade, o que leva a intensa competição entre as espécies. Estas espécies podem produzir substâncias desconhecidas, muitas com valor farmacológico. Chromonephthea braziliensis é um coral mole invasor, originário do Oceano Indo-Pacífico, que foi possivelmente transportado por plataformas de petróleo e cuja presença é uma ameaça para a biodiversidade da região de Arraial do Cabo (RJ). Esta espécie produz metabólitos secundários que são responsáveis pela indução de danos para o ecossistema local. A finalidade deste estudo é a busca de novas substâncias para quimioterapia geral com base na estrutura de compostos bioativos. Extratos desse coral foram preparados a partir de colônias liofilizadas (solventes: hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol). Realizaram-se análises químicas para a caracterização dos extratos e avaliaram-se as atividades: mutagênicas e citotóxicas, usando o ensaio de mutação reversa bacteriana (Salmonella/microssoma) com as linhagens TA97, TA98, TA100 e TA102; genotóxicas, utilizando análise da quebra do DNA e formação de micronúcleos na linhagem RAW 264,7 de macrófagos e; tóxicas para náuplios de microcrustáceos Artemia salina. Observou-se citotoxicidade, na presença de S9 mix, dos extratos diclorometano para a linhagem TA102 na concentração de 20 g/100 L/placa e metanol para a TA97 com 5 e 20 g/100 L/placa. Os extratos diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol apresentaram genotoxicidade no DNA plasmidial em concentrações elevadas (250 g/mL), mas nenhum dano ao DNA foi observado no ensaio de micronúcleo. Todos os extratos foram tóxicos para os náuplios de microcrustáceos em pelo menos uma das concentrações usadas (0,01 1000 g/mL), e a LC50 pode ser determinada apenas para os extratos hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila.

El coste de la osmorregulación: Efecto de la salinidad sobre la tasa metabólica del crustáceo Artemia salina

El efecto de diferentes salinidades en la tasa metabólica de la artemia

Successful inoculation of Artemia and production of cysts in the coastal saltpans of Bangladesh II

Bangladesh has no naturally occurring Artemia, and all the growing shrimp hatcheries of the country depend entirely on import of cysts from foreign countries. Following successful inoculation of Artemia and production of cysts for the first time in this country in a coastal saltpan (at Chanua, Banskhali) by the senior author (in 1989-90), a similar second attempt was made under this programme in a saltpan (1000 m super(2)) of Demoshia, Chakaria, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh between January and April 1992. A total of 1639.9 g (dry weight) of cysts (i.e. 5.46 kg DW/ha/month) have been produced using the Red Jungle Brand, whereas the previous attempt obtained 517 g of cysts (i.e. 2.07 kg DW/ha/month) using the Great Salt Lake Brand.

Effect of decapsulation on viability and hatching performance of Artemia cysts at different salinity levels

Artemia cysts were produced from the traditional solar salt works of Bangladesh through different fertilization treatments were tested for viability and hatching performance in different forms, such as processed and preserved, processed and decapsulated and unprocessed and undecapsulated. Decapsulated cysts performed maximum hatching (86.0%) in 20ppt salinity during 48 hours of incubation. The hatching percentage by the unprocessed and undecapsulated cysts were very low (12.0- 18.7%) in all the tested salinity grades.

Effects of culture treatments on HUFA levels in Artemia cysts

Artemia cysts (of GSL, Utah, USA origin) were produced from the modified traditional solar salt works of Bangladesh during winter months through different feeding/fertilization treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 ) were analyzed to understand the effects of treatments on their fatty acid profile. Palmitic, Linolenic, Eicosapantaenonic and Docohexaenoic acids (mg/g. DW) were found highest for the cysts in T1 (16.0% ±1 .36), T2 (14.7% ±0.47), T3 (4.7% ±0.40) and T4 (0.7% ±0.06) treatments, respectively. High amount of 18:3(n-3) acids in the cysts of all sources proves to be freshwater type of the cysts. The presence of marine type essential fatty acids in the cysts of all sources were found low for 20:5n-3 (3.7-4.7%) and very low for 22:6n-3 (0.09-0.7%). No significant variation was observed for 16:0 acids within the treatments, but for 18:3(n-3) acid, the variation was found highly significant (P= 0.0052) between T2 and T4 treatments. For 20:5(n-3), only variation between T2 and T4 was found insignificant (P=0.1161), but between other treatments, significant variation was observed between T2 and T4 (P=0.0241), T2 and T4 (P=0.0022) and T1 andT4 (P=0.0161). No significant variation was found in other treatments.

Substitution of Artemia with Brachionus in different ratios during larval rearing of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and evaluation of their feed efficacy

Larval growth during stage I-VIII was studied in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Duration in moult periodicity were recorded-during larval development period, larvae were fed with Brachionus (grown on Baker's yeast and also Brachinous raised through organic manuring in outdoor culture containers). The performance of the feed was evaluated through substitution of Brachionus in the feeding protocol, in lieu of Artemia 1st instar. The Artemia, Brachionus substitution ratio of 75:25 was found to be most efficient. The study also indicates that the comparative growth rate of Brachionus plicatilis is higher in manure loaded tanks than with Baker's yeast. Growth rate "Y'' in culture tank being 0.245 and 0.112 and corresponding duplicating time (Td) too was found to be 2.855 and 6.365 respectively in tanks manured/enriched with pig manure.

Effect of different feeds and water salinities on the cyst production of brine shrimp, Artemia sp.

Effect of different feeds and salinities on cyst production in Artemia sp. was studied. Among the 12 different feeds used, ragi powder suspension showed the best growth and cyst production. A wide range of salinity from 90 to 210‰ was used to study its effect on cyst production. Among all these treatments, 130‰ salinity was found suitable for induction of oviparity and cyst production in the San Francisco Bay strain of Artemia sp.

Note on the occurrence of Artemia in Sri Lanka

A brief account is given of the Artemia populations occurring in Sri Lanka with respect to inland and brackishwater aquaculture activities.

The use of decapsulated brine shrimp eggs as food for shrimp larvae

Decapsulated cysts of Artemia salina were experimentally fed to the larvae of Penaeus monodon, Metapenaeus ensis, M. endeavouri and Macrobrachium rosenbergii and were found to be comparable to freshly hatched brine shrimp nauplii.