Memorial addresses on the life and character of Fernando Wood (a representative from New York) : delivered in the House of Representatives, February 28, 1881.

"Proceedings in the Senate": p. 39-40.

The international importance of the archipelago of Cape Verde for marine turtles, in particular the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta

[ES] The shores of Cape Verde hosts one of the most important nesting populations of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta in the world, as well as important feeding grounds for hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and green turtles Chelonia mydas. In the past few years, a number of scientific studies have demonstrated the relevance of the waters and beaches of this archipelago for the conservation of these endangered marine megavertebrates. This article aims to bring together the most relevant scientific information published on the subject so far. In addition, we will provide an overview of the current situation of sea turtles in Cape Verde, their conservation status and their importance in an international context.

Melhoria da saúde bucal de escolares da Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando de Noronha do município de Curitiba/PR

Realizou-se uma intervenção em saúde bucal de escolares, com idade entre 5 e 13 anos, em uma escola municipal da área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando de Noronha, no município de Curitiba. O objetivo geral da intervenção foi trabalhar com promoção e prevenção em saúde bucal e divulgar/ampliar o acesso dos escolares ao tratamento odontológico; trabalhar com agendamento, facilitando o acesso e garantindo o atendimento com horário marcado, bem como manter registros organizados de dados e de procedimentos realizados para vigilância em saúde. Os objetivos específicos da intervenção foram ampliar a cobertura da atenção à saúde bucal dos escolares da Escola Municipal Raul Gelbeck, melhorar a adesão ao atendimento em saúde bucal dos escolares da Escola Municipal Raul Gelbeck, melhorar a qualidade da atenção em saúde bucal dos escolares da Escola Municipal Raul Gelbeck, melhorar o registro de informação e promover a saúde bucal dos escolares. A intervenção envolveu 238 escolares e teve duração de quatro meses. Foi realizado levantamento epidemiológico de saúde bucal para conhecer a prevalência e a gravidade da cárie dentária nas crianças, subsidiando o planejamento e a avaliação das ações e serviços junto ao Sistema Único de Saúde e manter uma base de dados para o componente de vigilância à saúde. Das 238 crianças, 159 eram da área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando Noronha (66,8%) e, dessas 238, 97 foram classificadas como alto risco à doença cárie. Das 97 crianças classificadas como alto risco, 75 eram da área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando de Noronha. Foram realizadas atividades coletivas de saúde bucal na escola e atendimento prioritário de escolares na Unidade de Saúde. Para registro das atividades desenvolvidas foram usadas fichas-espelho individuais dos escolares, uma planilha de coleta de dados e os prontuários eletrônicos individuais. Todos os escolares da Escola Municipal Raul Gelbeck participaram da ação coletiva de exame bucal, 61% dos escolares com cadastro na Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando de Noronha consultaram o dentista e 69,3% dos escolares com alto risco para doença bucal, da área, consultaram o dentista. Durante a intervenção, houve 22 faltas às consultas, e foi feita busca ativa a 45,5% dos escolares faltosos. Realizou-se escovação supervisionada em 100% dos escolares e aplicação de flúor gel em 100% dos escolares de alto risco. Ao final da intervenção, 87,6% dos escolares que estavam com a primeira consulta realizada haviam concluído o tratamento e 91,8% dos escolares que haviam consultado estavam com os registros atualizados. Todas as crianças receberam orientações sobre higiene bucal, sobre cárie dentária e sobre nutrição. O trabalho mais organizado com escolares permitiu desenvolver relações de vínculo e responsabilização entre a equipe e a população alvo, garantindo a continuidade das ações de saúde e a longitudinalidade do cuidado. Houve melhora nos indicadores de saúde bucal dos escolares. O atendimento odontológico aos escolares foi incorporado à rotina da Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando de Noronha.

Melhoria da atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério na Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando de Noronha, Curitiba/PR

Realizou-se uma intervenção com o foco no Pré-Natal e Puerpério na área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Fernando de Noronha localizada no município de Curitiba-PR. O objetivo geral da intervenção foi melhorar a atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério, com os seguintes objetivos específicos: ampliar a cobertura do pré-natal, melhorar a adesão ao pré-natal, melhorar a qualidade da atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério, melhorar o registro das informações, mapear as gestantes de risco e promover a saúde no pré-natal. A intervenção teve a duração de quatro meses, conforme cronograma estabelecido, e envolveram 78 gestantes e puérperas. Durante este período elas foram avaliadas e monitoradas na unidade básica de saúde, através de ações realizadas em quatro eixos: monitoramento, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e qualificação para a prática clínica. Os registros foram realizados em ficha espelho e no prontuário eletrônico institucional. Das 78 gestantes, 72 foram captadas no primeiro trimestre e 77 (98,7%) delas estão em dia com os exames ginecológico e de mamas e 77 delas (98,7%) realizaram os exames solicitados e as vacinas preconizadas pelo protocolo institucional. Elas também receberam, por meio de consultas e atividades coletivas, orientações sobre nutrição, aleitamento materno, cuidados com o recém-nascido, higiene bucal (100%), anticoncepção após o parto, riscos do tabagismo, drogas e álcool na gestação (98,7%). Com a intervenção, 43 gestantes e puérperas (55,1%) realizaram a primeira consulta odontológica. A realização da intervenção proporcionou um acompanhamento mais adequado e qualificado das ações, beneficiando o usuário com uma prestação de serviço mais acolhedora e qualificada e também a equipe, que além de mais organizada também se tornou mais resolutiva.

Morphology and reproduction of Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me. Lemoine (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Southern Brazil

The genus Mesophyllum Me. Lemoine includes around 147 species, of which only three have been referred to the Brazilian coast. Mesophyllum erubescens was originally described from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil (type locality). Here we present the first detailed description of M. erubescens based on Brazilian material. Samplings were made through scuba diving at the Biological Marine Reserve of Arvoredo Island, Santa Catarina. The relations of M. erubescens with other similar species, especially from the American Atlantic studied by W.R. Taylor are discussed.

Comparative morphology among representatives of main taxa of Scaphopoda and basal protobranch Bivalvia (Mollusca)

This study deals with detailed morphology and anatomy of 4 species of Scaphopoda and 5 species of protobranch Bivalvia. Both classes are traditionally grouped in the taxon Diasoma, which has been questioned by different methodologies, such as molecular and developmental. This study is developed under a phylogenetic methodology with the main concern in performing it in an intelligible and testable methodology. The analyzed Scaphopoda species came from the Brazilian coast and belong to the family Dentaliidae [(1) Coccodentalium carduus; (2) Paradentalium disparile] and Gadiliidae; [(3) Polyschides noronhensis, n. sp. from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; (4) Gadila braziliensis]. These species represent the main branches of the class Scaphopoda. From protobranch bivalves, representatives of the families Solemyidae [(5) Solemya occidentalis, from Florida; S. notialis, n. sp. from S.E. Brazil], Nuculanidae [(6) Propeleda carpentieri from Florida], and Nuculidae [(7) Ennucula puelcha, from south Brazil] are included. These species represent the main branches of the basal Bivalvia. The descriptions on the anatomy of S. occidentalis and of P. carpentieri are published elsewhere. The remaining are included here, for which a complete taxonomical treatment is performed. Beyond these species, representatives of other taxa are operationally included as part of the ingroup (indices are then shared with them), as a procedure to test the morphological monophyly of Diasoma. These taxa are: two lamellibranch bivalves [(8) Barbatia - Arcidae; (9) Serratina - Tellinidae; both published elsewhere;, and Propilidium (10) Patellogastropoda, and (11) Nautilus, basal Cephalopoda, based on basal taxa. The effective outgroups are (12) Neopilina (Monoplacophora) and (13) Hanleya (Polyplacophora). The phylogenetic analysis based on morphology revealed that the taxon Diasoma is supported by 14 synapomorphies, and is separated from Cyrtosoma (Gastropoda + Cephalopoda). Although they are not the main goal of this paper, the taxa Scaphopoda and Bivalvia are supported by 8 and by 7 synapomorphies respectively. The taxon Protobranchia resulted paraphyletic. Both scaphopod orders resulted monophyletic. The obtained cladogram is: ((((Coccodentalium carduus - Paradentalium disparile) (Polyschides noronhensis - Gadila brasiliensis)) ((Solemya occidentalis - S. notialis) (Propeleda carpenteri (Ennucula puelcha (Barbatia cancellaria - Serratina capsoides))))) (Propilidium curumim - Nautilus pompilius - Lolliguncula brevis)).

Morphology and reproduction of Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me. Lemoine (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Southern Brazil

The genus Mesophyllum Me. Lemoine includes around 147 species, of which only three have been referred to the Brazilian coast. Mesophyllum erubescens was originally described from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil (type locality). Here we present the first detailed description of M. erubescens based on Brazilian material. Samplings were made through scuba diving at the Biological Marine Reserve of Arvoredo Island, Santa Catarina. The relations of M. erubescens with other similar species, especially from the American Atlantic studied by W.R. Taylor are discussed.

Density of the tegu lizard (Tupinambis merianae) and its role as nest predator at Anchieta Island, Brazil

Mammals has been pointed out to be the main nest predators in islands, but recent studies has shown that tree snakes are also important nest predator in tropical forests. Here we present information on the density tegu lizards Tupinambis merianae and its role as nest predator at Anchieta Island, Ubatuba, in southeastern Brazil. The mean density of tegu lizards wets estimated to be 83 individuals/km2, which is 1.83 times lower than other well-known population (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago). In the dense rainforest, the density was estimated in 20 individuas/ km2, and in the open rainforest, 109 ind/km2. The high density of this lizard may have serious implications for nest predation. We found that 36% of artificial plasticine eggs were "preyed upon" by tegu lizards. Therefore, it is paramount to manage the tegu population on Anchieta Island to assure the survival of ground nesting birds in islands and possibly in forest fragments.

The cetacean offal connection: Feces and vomits of spinner dolphins as a food source for reef fishes

At Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southwest Atlantic, reef fishes associated with spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) were recorded when the cetaceans congregated in a shallow inlet. In the reef waters the dolphins engaged in several behaviors such as resting, aerial displays and other social interactions, as well as eliminative behaviors such as defecating and vomiting. Twelve fish species in seven families were recorded feeding on dolphin offal. The black durgon (Melichthys niger) was the most ubiquitous waste-eater, and its group size was positively and significantly correlated with dolphin group size. The durgons recognized the postures a dolphin adopts prior to defecating or vomiting, and began to converge to an individual shortly before it actually voided. Offal was quickly fed upon, and the fishes concentrated in the area occupied by the dolphins until the latter left the shallows. Since all the recorded offal-feeding species feed on plankton or drifting algae, feeding on cetacean droppings may be regarded as a switch from foraging on drifting organisms to foraging on drifting offal, a predictable food source in the inlet. Further instances of this cetacean-fish association are predicted to occur at sites where these mammals congregate over reefs with clear water and plankton-eating fishes.

Genetic Differentiation of the Cabo Verde Archipelago Population Analysed by STR Polymorphisms

Allele frequencies for 17 STR loci were analyzed in a sample of unrelated males from the Cabo Verde Archipelago. The samples were gathered in such a way that the origin of the subjects was perfectly identified, and they could be included in one of the leeward or windward groups of islands. This study reveals that there are significant differences between both groups of islands, and between Cabo Verdeans and other populations from sub-Sahara Africa including the Guineans, the most probable source population for Cabo Verdeans. This study confirms mtDNA data and, together with HLA and Y chromosome data already published, shows that the Cabo Verde population is substructured and atypical, diverging substantially from mainland sub-Saharan populations. Overall these differences are most probably due to admixture between sub-Saharan slaves brought into the islands and other settlers of European origin. In the absence of a clear indication of a different ethnic composition of the first sub-Saharan settlers of Cabo Verde, the differentiation exhibited in both groups of islands can be most probably be attributed to genetic drift.

Morphology, reproduction and development of Hypoglossum hypoglossoides (Stackhouse) Collins & Hervey (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the south and southeastern Brazilian coast

Hypoglossum hypoglossoides (Stackhouse) Collins & Hervey is reported for the first time from the infralittoral of São Paulo and Santa Catarina states. The species was already reported to the states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Bahia as Hypoglossum tenuifolium (Harvey) J. Agardh var. carolinianum Williams. A detailed description of the morphology and reproduction is given based on field-collected material. Unialgal cultures were initiated from tetraspore germination, and growth rates of gametophytes were determined under different conditions of temperature, photoperiod and irradiance. Gametophytes grew well between 15 to 30 ºC, 14L:10D and 10L:14D photoperiods and irradiance from 20 to 120 µmol photons.m-2.s-1, but presented low percentage of fertile plants in low temperature (15 ºC). Gametophytes cultured in laboratory developed only male reproductive structures. Physiological responses of H. hypoglossoides indicate that the species is well adapted to temperature and light variations which could explain its range of vertical (6-26 m depth) and latitudinal distribution (from Fernando de Noronha to Santa Catarina) as well as the absence of sexual reproduction in the southern limit of its distribution.

Ecology and conservation of bottlenose dolphins in Madeira Archipelago, Portugal

This study aimed to provide an insight on the ecology of the bottlenose dolphin population in Madeira archipelago. To achieve this, population structure; group dynamics, site-fidelity, residency and movement patterns within and out of the study area; survival and abundance estimates and spatial and temporal distribution and habitat preferences related to physiographic parameters using data collected between 2001-2011, were investigated. Photo-identification data analysis revealed strong evidences that bottlenose dolphins seen in the archipelago of Madeira belong to an open population with regular recruitment of new animals to the area. This population exhibited a typical fission-fusion society, in which short-term acquaintances prevail, with only a few long-lasting associations. Photo-identification methods demonstrated that there is a large variability in residency pattern, with resident, transient and migrant individuals. Only a small number of dolphins were found to be resident (4.3%). Social network diagram as well as SLAR analysis supported the existence of a mixed population of residents, migrants and transients. Mark-recapture methods estimated a high survival rate, within the range of other long-lived cetacean species. The resident community is composed of app. 180 individuals. In addition, around 400 dolphins of different residency patterns were found to use the south area of Madeira Island. Spatial distribution indicated that bottlenose dolphins were regularly found in shallow and closer to shore areas, suggesting the existence of biological processes influenced by bathymetry. Moreover, temporal patterns revealed no strong seasonal fluctuation in the presence of bottlenose dolphins in Madeira archipelago waters. Bottlenose dolphins are listed under the Annex II of the EU habitats Directive that requires the designation of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) for this species; as such, the knowledge gained through this work can be used by governmental authorities to the establishment and management of areas for the conservation of bottlenose dolphin in Madeira archipelago.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)