Foliar Fertilization on pineapple quality and yield

Poucos são os estudos desenvolvidos com a aplicação via foliar de micronutrientes, na cultura do abacaxi. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de B e Zn, em forma de quelato, ácido ou sal, via foliar, buscando-se obter respostas sobre os efeitos na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi realizado em Guaraçaí (SP), em solo com textura média. Foram utilizadas mudas tipo filhote, da cultivar Smooth Cayenne (Havaiano). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, utilizando-se fontes para fornecer, em cada aplicação, 110 g ha-1de B e 250 g ha-1de Zn. Foram realizadas duas pulverizações foliares, aos 7 e 9 meses após o plantio. As fontes de B e Zn não exerceram efeito nos teores de sólidos sol��veis totais, acidez titul��vel, diâmetro médio do fruto, comprimento do fruto sem coroa e índice de maturação. Apenas os teores de B, Zn e K, na folha, foram influenciados pelos tratamentos utilizados.

Procedência, sazonalidade e qualidade físico-química do abacaxi comercializado na CEAGESP - São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Adubação foliar e axilar na produtividade e qualidade de abacaxi

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nutrição mineral e qualidade do fruto do abacaxizeiro e do maracujazeiro

Several factors influence the productivity and fruit quality of pineapple and passion fruit, among which are: climate, soil fertilization and irrigation practices. Mineral nutrition is essential to increase productivity and improve fruit quality; however, there is a few information about the effect of fertilization in these two fruit crops, especially under tropical conditions. The objective of this review was to compile the main research results, in which the influence of mineral nutrition on the fruit quality was evaluated. We considered the information recently published in scientific journals, and presented it for the macronutrients individually, then to NPK and, finally, the micronutrients. The review showed that it is difficult to say that some element favors or not certain characteristics of pineapple and passion fruit fruits, since the results are inconsistent and there is not many information. More than established the effects of mineral nutrients on the fruit quality of these two fruit crops, we stand out that research in this topic is very necessary.

Desenvolvimento micelial de Lentinula edodes em meios de cultivo à base de diferentes substratos orgânicos

The radial mycelial growth of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, strain LE-96/13, was studied in culture media prepared with organic residues extract, by using substrates prepared with pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) crown, Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer peel, Theobroma grandiflorum Schum shell, Musa sp. (genomic group AAB, subgroup Pacovan) peel, and Musa sp. (genomic group AAB, subgroup Prata) peel, with three supplementation levels with wheat bran (0, 10 and 20%), and incubated at 25ºC. The experimental design was totally randomized, in a 5×3 factorial scheme, adding up 15 treatments with 4 repetitions, and each repetition corresponding to a Petri dish. The diameter of the colony was evaluated daily during nine days of incubation. After that period, it was verified that the highest mycelial growth averages of strain LE-96/13 of L. edodes were found in culture media prepared with T. grandiflorum Schum shell (whose supplementation with wheat bran was favorable for Mushroom development) and A. aculeatum Meyer peel (whose supplementation did not favor the mycelial growth of L. edodes in relation to the medium not supplemented).

Purification of bromelain from pineapple wastes by ethanol precipitation

Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple that contains a complex mixture of proteases and non-protease components. These enzymes perform an important role in proteolytic modulation of the cellular matrix in numerous physiologic processes, including anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and fibrinolytic functions. Due to the scale of global production of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), and the high percentage of waste generated in their cultivation and processing, several studies have been conducted on the recovery of bromelain. The aim of this study was to purify bromelain from pineapple wastes using an easy-to-scale-up process of precipitation by ethanol. The results showed that bromelain was recovered by using ethanol at concentrations of 30% and 70%, in which a purification factor of 2.28 fold was achieved, and yielded more than 98% of the total enzymatic activity. This enzyme proved to be susceptible to denaturation after the lyophilization process. However, by using 10% (w/v) glucose as a cryoprotector, it was possible to preserve 90% of the original enzymatic activity. The efficiency of the purification process was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, and native-PAGE electrophoresis, fluorimetry, circular dichroism and FTIR analyzes, showing that this method could be used to obtain highly purified and structurally stable bromelain. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Abacaxi.

2016

Genetic variation of the Ananas genus with ornamental potential

Brazil is one of the main centers of origin of pineapple species presenting the largest genetic variation of the Ananas genus. Embrapa Cassava and Fruits is a Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation and has an ex-situ collection of 678 accessions of the Ananas genus and some other Bromeliaceae. The use of ornamental pineapple has increased in the last years demanding new varieties, mainly for the external market, due to the originality and colors of its tiny fruits. The main aim of the present study was describing accessions from the pineapple gene bank in order to quantify their genetic variation and identify possible progenitors to be used in breeding programs of ornamental pineapples. Eighty-nine accessions of Ananas comosus var. comosus, A. comosus var. bracteatus (Lindl.) Coppens et Leal, A. comosus var. ananassoides (Baker) Coppens et Leal, A. comosus var. erectifolius (L. B. Smith) Coppens et Leal, A. comosus var. parguasensis (Camargo et L. B. Smith) Coppens et Leal and A. macrodontes Morren were evaluated with 25 morphological descriptors. According to the results, the evaluated accessions were separated into the following categories: landscape plants, cut flower, potted plants, minifruits, foliage and hedge. The genetic distance among accessions was determined using the combined qualitative and quantitative data by the Gower algorithm. The pre-selected accessions presented genetic variation and ornamental potential for different uses. The multicategory analysis formed seven clusters through a classification method based on the average Euclidean distance between all accessions using the cut-point of genetic dissimilarity (D dg = 0.35). The genotypes A. comosus var. erectifolius were selected to be used as landscape plants, cut flower, minifruits and potted plants. Accessions of A. comosus var. bracteatus and A. macrodontes were selected as landscape plants and hedge. The highest variation was observed in A. comosus var. ananassoides genotypes, which presented high potential for use as cut flowers.

Cucumber mosaic virus infection of kava (Piper methysticum) and implications for cultural control of kava dieback disease

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was found by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to be not fully systemic in naturally infected kava (Piper methysticum) plants in Fiji. Twenty-six of 48 samples (54%) from various tissues of three recently infected plants were CMV-positive compared with 7/51 samples (14%) from three long-term infections (plants affected by dieback for more than 1 year). The virus was also found to have a limited ability to move into newly formed stems. CMV was detected in only 2/23 samples taken from re-growth stems arising from known CMV infected/dieback affected plants. Mechanical inoculation experiments conducted in Fiji indicate that the known kava intercrop plants banana (Musa spp.), pineapple (Ananas comosus), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and the common weed Mikania micrantha are potential hosts for a dieback-causing strain of CMV It was not possible to transmit the virus mechanically to the common kava intercrop plants taro (Colocasia esculenta), Xanthosoma sp., sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yam (Dioscorea alata), papaya (Carica papaya) or the weed Momordica charantia. Implications of the results of this research on a possible integrated disease management strategy are discussed.

Breeding Ananas for the cut-flower and garden markets

Only small quantities of Ananas have been marketed as cut flowers or as potted plants for garden use in Australia. Worldwide there have, until very recent times, been no breeding programs to develop ornamental characteristics and hence the choice of cultivars has been limited mainly to semi-domesticated selections or those developed by amateur enthusiasts. Interest in developing Ananas selections specifically for the ornamental market is now increasing. A small program has operated in Australia since 1995. In this program, a total of 4,700 seedlings were generated over three generations using various parental combinations of Ananas comosus var. comosus, A. comosus var. bracteatus, A. comosus var. ananassoides 'FRF223', A. comosus var. erectifolious 'Selvagem 6' and Ananas macrodontes 'I.26-803'. Several selections have been developed for the garden and or cut-flower market. Characteristics represented include a pink or red syncarp, dark red-brown foliage and a dwarf, clumping growth habit. While a surprising display of ornamental diversity exists within Ananas, the genus is limited in comparison to the other bromeliad genera. Opportunity might exist however to introgress characteristics such as additional foliage colours, plant morphology and syncarp colours from other genera into Ananas.

Efecto de diferentes manejos en calles y banda sobre la cenosis de las malezas, el crecimiento y primer rendimiento del cafeto (Coffea arabica L.)

En el municipio de Masatepe, Departamento de Masaya situado a 11 grados 54 min. Latitud norte y 86 grados 09 min. Longitud-oeste, se realizó un ensayo factorial “sistema de manejo de malezas en cafeto joven” Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de diferentes sistemas de manejos en la calla y banda sobre la cenosis de las advertencias y sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y la producción del cafeto. El ensayo se inició en Agosto de 1987 hasta Diciembre de 1989, utilizado Coffea arábica L. var. “Catuai a plena exposición solar: Los factores en estudio fueron; cobertura viva, Cobertura muerta y cultivo de la piña Ananás comosus (L) Merr. Var, “Monte lirio” como manejo en la calle y siete tratamientos en la banda que consisten en diferentes periodos de anhierbamiento utilizando control mecánico con machete mensual. Y después de 2, 4 y 6 meses y controles químicos cada 4 y 6 meses con oxiflurfen +Diuron y un control tradicional utilizado por productores del lugar. La abundancia de las monocotiledóneas en la banda disminuyo en periodos mas de un mes, principalmente en los periodos anieblados 4 y 6 meses de un mes monocotiledóneas en la banda disminuyo en periodos más de un mes , principalmente en los periodos húmedos principalmente los controles mecánicos cas 2, 4 y 6 meses. La mayor dominancia en la calle y banda presentarnos las dicotiledóneas; obteniendo, a mayor biomasa y cobertura total en los tratamientos mecánicos cada 4 y 6 meses. Al finalizar los dos años de estudio, el cultivo de piña supera a los demás métodos significativamente con respecto a las variables: Altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, numero de nudos totales, numero de nudos, con fruto, longuitud de ramas plagiotropas y primer rendimiento: los tratamientos mecánicos cada dos meses, mensual y químico cada seis meses obtiene los mejores resultados al finalizar el periodo de estudio, en cuanto a las variables antes mencionadas: los controles químicos (oxifluerfen + Diuron) cada 4 y 6 meses se mantienen superiores a lo largo de los dos años de estudio a los mecánicos cada 4 y 6 meses.

Adubação de abacaxi Pérola para o Extremo Sul da Bahia.

A região Extremo Sul do Estado da Bahia possui boa aptidão para a fruticultura em geral, como terras planas, que possibilitam fácil mecanização, e condições climáticas favoráveis, principalmente boa distribuição de chuvas (média 1.800 mm anuais). Com base em resultados experimentais preliminares obtidos nos municípios de Porto Seguro e Santa Cruz Cabrália, elaborou-se a 1ª aproximação de recomendação de adubação para o abacaxizeiro cultivado sem irrigação na região. Nas tabelas de 1 a 3 são apresentadas as doses recomendadas de nutrientes e dos fertilizantes mais utilizados para a cultura, com base na análise química do solo. Os fertilizantes citados são o susperfosfato simples (18% de P2O5), o superfosfato triplo (42% de P2O5), a uréia (45% de N), o sulfato de amônio (20% de N), o cloreto de potássio (58% de K2O) e o sulfato de potássio (50% de K2O).

Épocas de plantio do abacaxizeiro para o Extremo Sul da Bahia.

Uma das principais limitações para a abacaxicultura na região Extremo Sul da Bahia é a ocorrência de floração natural nos meses de junho e julho, que resulta na contratação da colheita, em dezembro, época de grande oferta e, consequentemente, de preços baixos. Combinações de época de plantio e de tamanho de mudas são usadas para tentar evitar a concentração da safra e conseguir deslocar a produção para épocas de preços mais altos. Resultados de pesquisa indicaram que o plantio de março a maio, com adubação baseada na análise de solo e conduzido sob condiçõe de sequeiro, possibilitou a indução artificial do florescimento das plantas a partir dos dez meses de idade, o que permite programar as colheitas no período de junho a outubro do ano subsequente ao plantio. O plantio no mês de janeiro possibilitou a colheita de grande parte da produção no período da entressafra, pois resultou na incidência de florações naturais a partir de julho do mesmo ano e colheita dos frutos durante o primeiro semestre do ano seguinte. A indução do florescimento do abacaxizeiro plantado em janeiro deve ser realizada nos meses de setembro ou outubro em plantas sem diferenciação floral natural. Esse procedimento permite a colheita dos frutos no período de preços mais favoráveis (até março) e a floração das plantas em período pouco favorável à incidêcia da fusariose nos frutos (novembro/dezembro), em decorrência da menor umidade relativa do ar e temperatura mais alta.

O cultivo do abacaxi para o Amazonas.

Informacoes sobre a situacao do cultivo do abacaxi no Amazonas, os aspectos agroclimaticos e variedades, mudas, plantio, pragas e doencas, colheita e rendimento, coeficientes tecnicos para a implantacao e manutencao de 1ha, e o cultivo em sistemas agroflorestais.

A cultura do abacaxizeiro no Amazonas.

Características da planta. Exigências edafoclimáticas. Ciclos da planta. Principais variedades. Tipos de mudas. Preparo de área. Adubação de plantio. Cura. Plantio. Adubação de cobertura. Controle de plantas invasoras, pragas e doenças. Indução floral. Colheita e pós-colheita. Rendimento. Coeficientes técnicos para o plantio e a manutenção de 1 hectare de abacaxi (51 mil mudas).