La problematización de la cuestión de los riesgos laborales por los reformistas liberales : Las contribuciones de Bialet Massé, Storni y Alsina

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la investigación de la emergencia de un "punto de vista social" para el gobierno de la población trabajadora en la Argentina, al interior de un régimen político liberal, en relación a la cuestión de los riesgos laborales. Uno de los momentos más relevantes de la problematización que a partir de la articulación entre expertise y Estado configuró el programa de gobierno social de los riesgos laborales, fue la intervención de una serie de expertos y "hombres prácticos", a quienes el presidente Roca y el ministro del Interior Gonzalez habían comisionado para efectuar una investigación referida a las condiciones de vida de los trabajadores en el interior del país y en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, que sirviera como antecedente para el proyecto de Código del Trabajo redactado por Gonzalez, así como la investigación oficial sobre las condiciones de vida del obrero que desde el Ministerio de Agricultura se había encargado a Juan Alsina La emergencia de un punto de vista social sobre los riesgos laborales: a) se debió al métier de una serie de expertos que no eran sociólogos profesionales, pero que sin embargo practicaron un estilo de pensamiento "social y b) se produjo en el interior del espacio estructural de disenso que es consustancial al régimen de gobierno liberal. En este trabajo nos dedicaremos a escrutar tres intervenciones que comparten el desarrollo de una forma de pensamiento social y empírica: las de Juan Bialet Massé, Juan Alsina y Pablo Storni. Sostenemos que las investigaciones realizadas por dichos "hombres prácticos" constituyen uno de los ejes de la trama de la problematización de los riesgos laborales que produjo un programa de gobierno "social" de esos riesgos, combinando objetivos estratégicos, tecnologías, justificaciones correspondientes a las matrices bio política, disciplinaria y soberana, bajo el ethos del liberalismo

Le dépassement des paradoxes dans "Le bel immonde" de Valentin-Yves Mudimbe

Ce mémoire vise à examiner la représentation des tensions entre l’être et le social dans le roman Le bel immonde de Valentin-Yves Mudimbe. Prenant pour prétexte les rébellions des années 1960 au Zaïre, l’oeuvre met en scène la relation d’un couple de classes et d’allégeances politiques opposées. L’expérience de l’écart semble incessamment reproduite chez des protagonistes aux identités multiples, qui font face à une altérité insaisissable et à un monde qui leur échappe. Cette distance entre le même et l’autre paraît symptomatique de celle qui s’observe entre l’individu et le collectif : l’univers social agit comme le déclencheur de contradictions chez les personnages, prisonniers de leur classe sociale qui détermine leur rapport à l’autre. La mise en scène d’une collectivité en crise apparaît dans les nombreux dialogues où les personnages semblent en quête de réponse, de vérité. Par l’énonciation, ils fouillent dans les mots de l’autre et les conversations deviennent des interrogatoires. Notre objectif est de montrer comment les jeux langagiers, à travers la banalité du quotidien et des dialogues, traduisent la cruauté des rapports sociaux et construisent le tragique du vécu social et du climat de survie. Dans Le bel immonde, la représentation du social passe par une mise en scène du langage. Nous tenterons de démontrer comment les conflits sociaux se retrouvent au coeur du mot, dans une fiction qui s’annule à mesure qu’elle se dit. Ce faisant, le mémoire s’efforce d’examiner la manière dont le langage, en affichant son propre pouvoir d’illusion, permet d’articuler le dépassement des paradoxes, conçu comme dépassement d’une conception dichotomique appréhendée en termes d’oppositions inconciliables, au profit d’une vision qui intègre la présence de contradictions intrinsèques à l’être humain et à son monde.

A novel route in bone tissue engineering : magnetic biomimetic scaffolds

In recent years, interest in tissue engineering and its solutions has increased considerably. In particular, scaffolds have become fundamental tools in bone graft substitution and are used in combination with a variety of bio-agents. However, a long-standing problem in the use of these conventional scaffolds lies in the impossibility of re-loading the scaffold with the bio-agents after implantation. This work introduces the magnetic scaffold as a conceptually new solution. The magnetic scaffold is able, via magnetic driving, to attract and take up in vivo growth factors, stem cells or other bio-agents bound to magnetic particles. The authors succeeded in developing a simple and inexpensive technique able to transform standard commercial scaffolds made of hydroxyapatite and collagen in magnetic scaffolds. This innovative process involves dip-coating of the scaffolds in aqueous ferrofluids containing iron oxide nanoparticles coated with various biopolymers. After dip-coating, the nanoparticles are integrated into the structure of the scaffolds, providing the latter with magnetization values as high as 15 emu g�1 at 10 kOe. These values are suitable for generating magnetic gradients, enabling magnetic guiding in the vicinity and inside the scaffold. The magnetic scaffolds do not suffer from any structural damage during the process, maintaining their specific porosity and shape. Moreover, they do not release magnetic particles under a constant flow of simulated body fluids over a period of 8 days. Finally, preliminary studies indicate the ability of the magnetic scaffolds to support adhesion and proliferation of human bone marrow stem cells in vitro. Hence, this new type of scaffold is a valuable candidate for tissue engineering applications, featuring a novel magnetic guiding option.

Plasma polymerization of 1,1,1-trichloroethane yields a coating with robust antibacterial surface properties

Novel, highly chlorinated surface coatings were produced via a one-step plasma polymerization (pp) of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE), exhibiting excellent antimicrobial properties against the vigorously biofilm-forming bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Multi-Hypotheses Tracking using the Dempster–Shafer Theory, application to ambiguous road context

This paper presents a Multi-Hypotheses Tracking (MHT) approach that allows solving ambiguities that arise with previous methods of associating targets and tracks within a highly volatile vehicular environment. The previous approach based on the Dempster–Shafer Theory assumes that associations between tracks and targets are unique; this was shown to allow the formation of ghost tracks when there was too much ambiguity or conflict for the system to take a meaningful decision. The MHT algorithm described in this paper removes this uniqueness condition, allowing the system to include ambiguity and even to prevent making any decision if available data are poor. We provide a general introduction to the Dempster–Shafer Theory and present the previously used approach. Then, we explain our MHT mechanism and provide evidence of its increased performance in reducing the amount of ghost tracks and false positive processed by the tracking system.

Photograph of oil painting portrait of Samuel Loewen; Berlin Portraits Men

Handwritten description on verso

Photograph of oil painting portrait of Samuel Loewen; Berlin Portraits Men

circa 1747 in Potsdam - 30 November 1827 in Berlin; father of Rosa Valentin

Two ex situ fungal technologies to treat contaminated soil

Wood-degrading fungi are able to degrade a large range of recalcitrant pollutants which resemble the lignin biopolymer. This ability is attributed to the production of lignin-modifying enzymes, which are extracellular and non-specific. Despite the potential of fungi in bioremediation, there is still an understanding gap in terms of the technology. In this thesis, the feasibility of two ex situ fungal bioremediation methods to treat contaminated soil was evaluated. Treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated marsh soil was studied in a stirred slurry-phase reactor. Due to the salt content in marsh soil, fungi were screened for their halotolerance, and the white-rot fungi Lentinus tigrinus, Irpex lacteus and Bjerkandera adusta were selected for further studies. These fungi degraded 40 - 60% of a PAH mixture (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene) in a slurry-phase reactor (100 ml) during 30 days of incubation. Thereafter, B. adusta was selected to scale-up and optimize the process in a 5 L reactor. Maximum degradation of dibenzothiophene (93%), fluoranthene (82%), pyrene (81%) and chrysene (83%) was achieved with the free mycelium inoculum of the highest initial biomass (2.2 g/l). In autoclaved soil, MnP was the most important enzyme involved in PAH degradation. In non-sterile soil, endogenous soil microbes together with B. adusta also degraded the PAHs extensively, suggesting a synergic action between soil microbes and the fungus. A fungal solid-phase cultivation method to pretreat contaminated sawmill soil with high organic matter content was developed to enhance the effectiveness of the subsequent soil combustion. In a preliminary screening of 146 fungal strains, 28 out of 52 fungi, which extensively colonized non-sterile contaminated soil, were litter-decomposing fungi. The 18 strains further selected were characterized by their production of lignin-modifying and hydrolytic enzymes, of which MnP and endo-1,4-β-glucanase were the main enzymes during cultivation on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) bark. Of the six fungi selected for further tests, Gymnopilus luteofolius, Phanerochaete velutina, and Stropharia rugosoannulata were the most active soil organic matter degraders. The results showed that a six-month pretreatment of sawmill soil would result in a 3.5 - 9.5% loss of organic matter, depending on the fungus applied. The pretreatment process was scaled-up for a 0.56 m3 reactor, in which perforated plastic tubes filled with S. rugosoannulata growing on pine bark were introduced into the soil. The fungal pretreatment resulted in a soil mass loss of 30.5 kg, which represents 10% of the original soil mass (308 kg). Despite the fact that Scots pine bark contains several antimicrobial compounds, it was a suitable substrate for fungal growth and promoter of the production of oxidative enzymes, as well as an excellent and cheap natural carrier of fungal mycelium. This thesis successfully developed two novel fungal ex situ bioremediation technologies and introduce new insights for their further full-scale application. Ex situ slurry-phase fungal reactors might be applied in cases when the soil has a high water content or when the contaminant bioavailability is low; for example, in wastewater treatment plants to remove pharmaceutical residues. Fungal solid-phase bioremediation is a promising remediation technology to ex situ or in situ treat contaminated soil.

Almost Stable Matchings by Truncating the Gale–Shapley Algorithm

We show that the ratio of matched individuals to blocking pairs grows linearly with the number of propose–accept rounds executed by the Gale–Shapley algorithm for the stable marriage problem. Consequently, the participants can arrive at an almost stable matching even without full information about the problem instance; for each participant, knowing only its local neighbourhood is enough. In distributed-systems parlance, this means that if each person has only a constant number of acceptable partners, an almost stable matching emerges after a constant number of synchronous communication rounds. We apply our results to give a distributed (2 + ε)-approximation algorithm for maximum-weight matching in bicoloured graphs and a centralised randomised constant-time approximation scheme for estimating the size of a stable matching.

A local 2-approximation algorithm for the vertex cover problem

We present a distributed 2-approximation algorithm for the minimum vertex cover problem. The algorithm is deterministic, and it runs in (Δ + 1)2 synchronous communication rounds, where Δ is the maximum degree of the graph. For Δ = 3, we give a 2-approximation algorithm also for the weighted version of the problem.

A simple local 3-approximation algorithm for vertex cover

We present a local algorithm (constant-time distributed algorithm) for finding a 3-approximate vertex cover in bounded-degree graphs. The algorithm is deterministic, and no auxiliary information besides port numbering is required. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.